Effectiveness of Peritoneal Dialysis in Management of Acute Hyperthermia after On-Pump Heart Surgery in Infants

Introduction: Acute hyperthermia is a common complication in the first 24 hours after open heart surgery with the incidence of 12% to 73%. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of postoperative peritoneal dialysis for controlling acute hyperthermia in pediatrics undergoing on-pump heart surgery. Methods: We reviewed clinical outcomes of 40 infants who underwent congenital surgery from August 2016 to August 2017. Patients were divided into two groups in terms of peritoneal dialysis requirement as group A and B. Demographic data, intraoperative and postoperative variables were compared between the patients. Results: Among the 40 high risk infants who underwent cardiac surgery, 20 patients were treated with peritoneal dialysis (group A). Mean rectal temperature and incidence of acute hyperthermia in 24h after surgery were higher in group A compared to group B (p ? 0.05). Infants in group A were younger, lighter and showed lower BSA compare to group B (p < 0.05). Also, higher concentration of serum potassium and lower urinary output were seen in group A compared to group B (p = 0.05). The incidence of neurological events was significantly higher in patients of group A (p < 0.05). Intubation time and intensive care unit stay was significantly more prolonged in the group A with peritoneal dialysis (p ? 0.05). Conclusion: Peritoneal dialysis performance was effective in treatment of induced hyperthermia in the first 24 h after operation. Indeed, younger age and lighter weight children are more prone to postoperative complication related to cardiopulmonary bypass surgery

Inteligentna detekcija greške u sustavu distribucije električne energije korištenjem termalnih slika i grupe klasifikatora

In today\u27s world, many companies use the thermal imaging (infrared), in order to prevent failures and improve the reliability of the electrical networks. In fact, the technical inspection of the electrical equipment using thermal cameras, is the most effective method for preventive defect detection. This contribution deals with, a systematic method in which, areas suspected of failure, are identified through computer-aided thermal image processing. To this end, the candidate areas are determined, using adaptive threshold and, a number of features are extracted from them. Next, using a genetic algorithm (GA), the irrelevant features are omitted. Finally, by means of a hybrid classifier, the pattern of positive and false positive areas, have been identified. This classifier can also be used as a filter, after extracting the candidate areas. This method is tested on images taken from Tehran northwest substations. As a result, applying the feature selection algorithm leads to a faster intelligent fault detection and higher Reliability, especially in widespread networks, which is known as an effective validation for the proposed method.U suvremenom svijetu mnoga poduzeća koriste termalne slike (infracrvene) kako bi se spriječili kvarovi i popravila pouzdanost električne mreže. Zapravo, tehnički pregled električke opreme korištenjem termalnih kamera je najučinkovitija metoda za detekciju i prevenciju kvarova. U ovom radu proučava se sistematična metoda u kojoj se sumnjiva područja identificiraju korištenjem računalne obrade termalne slike. Nakon što se odrede moguća područja korištenjem prilagodljivih pragova iz njih se izvode mnoga svojstva. Zatim se korištenjem genetičkih algoritama izostavljaju nevažna svojstva. Konačno, korištenjem hibridnog klasifikatora identificiraju se uzorci pozitivnih i lažno pozitivnih područja. Taj klasifikator može se koristiti i kao filter nakon izdvajanja mogućih područja. Ova metoda testirana je na slikama teheranske sjevernozapadne stanice. Korištenje algoritma za selekciju svojstava dovodi do brže i inteligentne detekcije te veće pouzdanosti, posebno kod rasprostranjenih mreža koje služe za učinkovitu validaciju predloženih metoda

Optimization of the synthesis of UiO-66-NH2 catalyst and its application for removing organophosphorus pesticides from wastewater

The present research focuses on optimizing the laboratory synthesis of a metal-organic framework for decomposing organophosphorus pollutants in aquatic environments (caused by pesticides). In the first stage, by defining and scoring five screening criteria, such as the price of raw materials, the complexity of the synthesis reaction, the efficiency of the catalyst, the possibility of industrial production (scalability), as well as the cost of the necessary equipment, the metal-organic framework 2-aminoterephthalate;oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+);tetrahydroxide was selected as the target catalyst. By considering the catalyst production yield as an objective function, the optimization of the most important variables affecting catalyst synthesis (reaction time, reaction temperature, amount of reaction solvent, type and amount of acid catalyst required, type and quantity of secondary solvent, and rotation speed of centrifuges) was discussed. The synthetic framework’s structure has been confirmed by infrared spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction analyses. According to Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area analysis, the resulting catalyst has a specific area of 825 m2/g and a mean pore diameter of 2.25 nm. This catalyst performed well in the laboratory in decomposing the selected organophosphorus pollutant (dimethyl nitrophenyl phosphate compound) with a half-life of 9 minutes

The relationship between personality traits and drug type among Substance Abuse

Substance abuse is a serious global problem that is affected by multiple psychosocial factors, and personality traits play a central role in its occurrence. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between the five factors of personality (extraversion, agreeableness, openness to experience, conscientiousness, and neuroticism) and five categories of drugs (sedatives, opiates, stimulants, hallucinogens, and marijuana) among self-introduced addicts. The statistical population of the study was self-introduced addicts attending addiction treatment centers in Khorram Abad. The participants of the study included 100 addicts with drug abuse disorder who were selected by the classified sampling method underlining five classes of drugs (20 participants in each class) as the sampling strata. Data were gathered using the structured clinical interview of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Psychiatric Disorders, NEO five-factor inventory-revised, and the structured demographic questionnaire. The results showed that high levels of neuroticism distinguish users of sedatives from those of other drugs. participants with high levels of openness to experience and low agreeableness and conscientiousness are consistently associated with the use of marijuana, hallucinogens, and stimulants. The results also demonstrated that addicts with high levels of extraversion and low levels of agreeableness and conscientiousness are consistently associated with the use of stimulants. The results of this research indicate that personality traits contain valuable information about the nature of personality traits affecting drug type in addicts. These findings are useful in drug abuse treatment and preventing drug abuse recurrence

A historical and future impact assessment of mining activities on surface biophysical characteristics change : A remote sensing-based approach

Mining activities and associated actions cause land-use/land-cover (LULC) changes across the world. The objective of this study were to evaluate the historical impacts of mining activities on surface biophysical characteristics, and for the first time, to predict the future changes in pattern of vegetation cover and land surface temperature (LST). In terms of the utilized data, satellite images of Landsat, and meteorological data of Sungun mine in Iran, Athabasca oil sands in Canada, Singrauli coalfield in India and Hambach mine in Germany, were used over the period of 1989-2019. In the first step, the spectral bands of Landsat images were employed to extract historical LULC changes in the study areas based on the homogeneity distance classification algorithm (HDCA). Thereafter, a CA-Markov model was used to predict the future of LULC changes based on the historical changes. In addition, LST and vegetation cover maps were calculated using the single channel algorithm, and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), respectively. In the second step, the trends of LST and NDVI variations in different LULC change types and over different time periods were investigated. Finally, a CA-Markov model was used to predict the LST and NDVI maps and the trend of their variations in future. The results indicated that the forest and green space cover was reduced from 9.95 in 1989 to 5.9 Km(2) in 2019 for Sungun mine, from 42.14 in 1999 to 33.09 Km(2) in 2019 for Athabasca oil sands, from 231.46 in 1996 to 263.95 Km(2) in 2016 for Singrauli coalfield, and from 180.38 in 1989 to 133.99 Km(2) in 2017 for Hambach mine, as a result of expansion and development of of mineral activities. Our findings about Sungun revealed that the areal coverage of forest and green space will decrease to 15% of the total study area by 2039, resulting in reduction of the mean NDVI by almost 0.06 and increase of mean standardized LST from 0.52 in 2019 to 0.61 in 2039. our results further indicate that for Athabasca oil sands (Singrauli coalfield, Hambach mine), the mean values of standardized LST and NDVI will change from 0.5 (0.44 and 0.4) and 0.38 (0.38, 0.35) in 2019 (2016, 2017) to 0.57 (0.5, 0.47) and 0.33 (0.32, 0.28), in 2039 (2036, 2035), respectively. This can be mainly attributed to the increasing mining activities in the past as well as future years. The discussion and conclusions presented in this study can be of interest to local planners, policy makers, and environmentalists in order to observe the damages brought to the environment and the society in a larger picture.Peer reviewe

Right Atrial Thrombus in a COVID-19 Child Treated Through Cardiac Surgery

We herein report a case of large intracardiac thrombus in a child with SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19). The diagnosis of COVID-19 was confirmed through HRCT and RT-PCR. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a large thrombus in the right atrium treated successfully via cardiac surgery. The underlying mechanisms of this thrombus in the COVID-19 infection may be attributed to the hypercoagulation and inflammatory condition incurred by the COVID-19 virus

A Comparative Analysis of Clinical Characteristics and Laboratory Findings of COVID-19 between Intensive Care Unit and Non-Intensive Care Unit Pediatric Patients: A Multicenter, Retrospective, Observational Study from Iranian Network for Research in Viral

Introduction: To date, little is known about the clinical features of pediatric COVID-19 patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs). Objective: Herein, we aimed to describe the differences in demographic characteristics, laboratory findings, clinical presentations, and outcomes of Iranian pediatric COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU versus those in non-ICU settings. Methods: This multicenter investigation involved 15 general and pediatrics hospitals and included cases with confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection based on positive real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) admitted to these centers between March and May 2020, during the initial peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran. Results: Overall, 166 patients were included, 61 (36.7%) of whom required ICU admission. The highest number of admitted cases to ICU were in the age group of 1–5 years old. Malignancy and heart diseases were the most frequent underlying conditions. Dyspnea was the major symptom for ICU-admitted patients. There were significant decreases in PH, HCO3 and base excess, as well as increases in creatinine, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and potassium levels between ICU-admitted and non-ICU patients. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), shock, and acute cardiac injury were the most common features among ICU-admitted patients. The mortality rate in the ICU-admitted patients was substantially higher than non-ICU cases (45.9% vs. 1.9%, respectively; p<0.001). Conclusions: Underlying diseases were the major risk factors for the increased ICU admissions and mortality rates in pediatric COVID-19 patients. There were few paraclinical parameters that could differentiate between pediatrics in terms of prognosis and serious outcomes of COVID-19. Healthcare providers should consider children as a high-risk group, especially those with underlying medical conditions

Global estimates on the number of people blind or visually impaired by cataract: a meta-analysis from 2000 to 2020

Background: To estimate global and regional trends from 2000 to 2020 of the number of persons visually impaired by cataract and their proportion of the total number of vision-impaired individuals. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of published population studies and gray literature from 2000 to 2020 was carried out to estimate global and regional trends. We developed prevalence estimates based on modeled distance visual impairment and blindness due to cataract, producing location-, year-, age-, and sex-specific estimates of moderate to severe vision impairment (MSVI presenting visual acuity &lt;6/18, ≥3/60) and blindness (presenting visual acuity &lt;3/60). Estimates are age-standardized using the GBD standard population. Results: In 2020, among overall (all ages) 43.3 million blind and 295 million with MSVI, 17.0 million (39.6%) people were blind and 83.5 million (28.3%) had MSVI due to cataract blind 60% female, MSVI 59% female. From 1990 to 2020, the count of persons blind (MSVI) due to cataract increased by 29.7%(93.1%) whereas the age-standardized global prevalence of cataract-related blindness improved by −27.5% and MSVI increased by 7.2%. The contribution of cataract to the age-standardized prevalence of blindness exceeded the global figure only in South Asia (62.9%) and Southeast Asia and Oceania (47.9%). Conclusions: The number of people blind and with MSVI due to cataract has risen over the past 30 years, despite a decrease in the age-standardized prevalence of cataract. This indicates that cataract treatment programs have been beneficial, but population growth and aging have outpaced their impact. Growing numbers of cataract blind indicate that more, better-directed, resources are needed to increase global capacity for cataract surgery.</p

Global incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 371 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Background: Detailed, comprehensive, and timely reporting on population health by underlying causes of disability and premature death is crucial to understanding and responding to complex patterns of disease and injury burden over time and across age groups, sexes, and locations. The availability of disease burden estimates can promote evidence-based interventions that enable public health researchers, policy makers, and other professionals to implement strategies that can mitigate diseases. It can also facilitate more rigorous monitoring of progress towards national and international health targets, such as the Sustainable Development Goals. For three decades, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) has filled that need. A global network of collaborators contributed to the production of GBD 2021 by providing, reviewing, and analysing all available data. GBD estimates are updated routinely with additional data and refined analytical methods. GBD 2021 presents, for the first time, estimates of health loss due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The GBD 2021 disease and injury burden analysis estimated years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 371 diseases and injuries using 100 983 data sources. Data were extracted from vital registration systems, verbal autopsies, censuses, household surveys, disease-specific registries, health service contact data, and other sources. YLDs were calculated by multiplying cause-age-sex-location-year-specific prevalence of sequelae by their respective disability weights, for each disease and injury. YLLs were calculated by multiplying cause-age-sex-location-year-specific deaths by the standard life expectancy at the age that death occurred. DALYs were calculated by summing YLDs and YLLs. HALE estimates were produced using YLDs per capita and age-specific mortality rates by location, age, sex, year, and cause. 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for all final estimates as the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles values of 500 draws. Uncertainty was propagated at each step of the estimation process. Counts and age-standardised rates were calculated globally, for seven super-regions, 21 regions, 204 countries and territories (including 21 countries with subnational locations), and 811 subnational locations, from 1990 to 2021. Here we report data for 2010 to 2021 to highlight trends in disease burden over the past decade and through the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings: Global DALYs increased from 2·63 billion (95% UI 2·44–2·85) in 2010 to 2·88 billion (2·64–3·15) in 2021 for all causes combined. Much of this increase in the number of DALYs was due to population growth and ageing, as indicated by a decrease in global age-standardised all-cause DALY rates of 14·2% (95% UI 10·7–17·3) between 2010 and 2019. Notably, however, this decrease in rates reversed during the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic, with increases in global age-standardised all-cause DALY rates since 2019 of 4·1% (1·8–6·3) in 2020 and 7·2% (4·7–10·0) in 2021. In 2021, COVID-19 was the leading cause of DALYs globally (212·0 million [198·0–234·5] DALYs), followed by ischaemic heart disease (188·3 million [176·7–198·3]), neonatal disorders (186·3 million [162·3–214·9]), and stroke (160·4 million [148·0–171·7]). However, notable health gains were seen among other leading communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional (CMNN) diseases. Globally between 2010 and 2021, the age-standardised DALY rates for HIV/AIDS decreased by 47·8% (43·3–51·7) and for diarrhoeal diseases decreased by 47·0% (39·9–52·9). Non-communicable diseases contributed 1·73 billion (95% UI 1·54–1·94) DALYs in 2021, with a decrease in age-standardised DALY rates since 2010 of 6·4% (95% UI 3·5–9·5). Between 2010 and 2021, among the 25 leading Level 3 causes, age-standardised DALY rates increased most substantially for anxiety disorders (16·7% [14·0–19·8]), depressive disorders (16·4% [11·9–21·3]), and diabetes (14·0% [10·0–17·4]). Age-standardised DALY rates due to injuries decreased globally by 24·0% (20·7–27·2) between 2010 and 2021, although improvements were not uniform across locations, ages, and sexes. Globally, HALE at birth improved slightly, from 61·3 years (58·6–63·6) in 2010 to 62·2 years (59·4–64·7) in 2021. However, despite this overall increase, HALE decreased by 2·2% (1·6–2·9) between 2019 and 2021. Interpretation: Putting the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of causes of health loss is crucial to understanding its impact and ensuring that health funding and policy address needs at both local and global levels through cost-effective and evidence-based interventions. A global epidemiological transition remains underway. Our findings suggest that prioritising non-communicable disease prevention and treatment policies, as well as strengthening health systems, continues to be crucially important. The progress on reducing the burden of CMNN diseases must not stall; although global trends are improving, the burden of CMNN diseases remains unacceptably high. Evidence-based interventions will help save the lives of young children and mothers and improve the overall health and economic conditions of societies across the world. Governments and multilateral organisations should prioritise pandemic preparedness planning alongside efforts to reduce the burden of diseases and injuries that will strain resources in the coming decades. Funding: Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Foundation