Sultan Baginda Omar: pencetus perkembangan kegiatan ekonomi perusahaan di Terengganu pada abad ke-19

Perkembangan ekonomi di Terengganu pada abad ke-19 dilihat unik ekoran turut mementingkan ekonomi lain seperti ekonomi perusahaan. Perusahaan yang merujuk kepada satu bentuk hasil kerja yang menggunakan tangan sepenuhnya merupakan antara kepakaran masyarakat Melayu di Terengganu ketika itu. Hasilnya, pelbagai kegiatan perusahaan berjaya berkembang seperti kegiatan perusahaan tekstil, tembaga dan perahu. Situasi ini menunjukkan bahawa pemerintah Terengganu pada ketika itu yang merujuk kepada Sultan Baginda Omar telah menyedari kepentingan ekonomi dari bawah dalam melengkapi kebergantungan ekonomi yang sedia ada seperti perdagangan, pertanian dan perikanan. Malah, ia juga menunjukkan bahawa baginda merupakan seorang pemimpin yang berpandangan jauh dan mengambil berat terhadap kebajikan masyarakat Melayu di Terengganu melalui kegiatan ekonomi yang dinyatakan. Maka dengan itu, artikel ini bertujuan untuk melihat sejauh mana kejayaan ekonomi perusahaan di Terengganu yang dipelapori dan dimulakan oleh Sultan Baginda Omar pada abad ke-19. Selain itu, artikel ini juga bertujuan untuk melihat sejauh mana perkembangan ekonomi perusahaan seperti tekstil, tembaga dan perahu membawa kepada kesungguhan dan tindakan Sultan Baginda Omar dalam memartabatkannya sebagai salah satu kekuatan ekonomi Terengganu dalam tempoh yang dinyatakan. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif yang melibatkan pengumpulan dan analisis data daripada sumber-sumber primer yang diperoleh daripada Arkib Negara Malaysia seperti Koleksi Surat-surat Baginda Omar Terengganu, CO 840/1 (Terengganu Administration Report, 1910-1930) dan CO 840/2 (Terengganu Administration Report 1931-1940). Selain itu, sumber sekunder turut digunakan seperti jurnal, buku, bab buku dan majalah bagi mengukuhkan lagi kajian yang dijalankan. Hasil kajian mendapati, tindakan Sultan Baginda Omar dalam memartabatkan ekonomi dari bawah iaitu ekonomi perusahaan di Terengganu pada abad ke-19, dilihat meraih kejayaan yang tersendiri sehingga Terengganu digelar sebagai Birmigham of the Peninsula. Malah, status masyarakat Melayu di Terengganu juga turut berubah kepada posisi yang lebih baik berbanding sebelumnya

Penglibatan wanita Melayu dalam memperkasa sosioekonomi dan kesejahteraan hidup menerusi penanaman padi di Terengganu pada awal abad 20

Dasawarsa ini, banyak kajian berkaitan green imperialisme masih lagi terikat dengan kepentingan terhadap sektor ekonomi di Tanah Melayu. Malah stereotaip ini telah membuatkan penyelidikan sejarah berkaitan tema yang dinyatakan tidak dinamik dan masih terikat dengan naratif lapuk yang ketinggalan zaman. Malah penyelidikan berkaitan penglibatan wanita dalam aktiviti penanaman padi yang boleh dianalisis melalui kesan sosioekonomi yang merujuk kepada aspek kesejahteraan hidup masih kurang mendapat perhatian oleh para pengkaji. Sebelum ini, banyak kajian memfokuskan tentang isu kekeluargaan, domestik, pengaruh, adat dan agama atau lebih jelas sebagai female-friendly sahaja. Jarang sekali dikaji bentuk perubahan sosioekonomi dan faktor pendorong yang dialami oleh wanita Melayu walaupun mereka hanya memfokuskan kegiatan penanaman padi sebagai sumber ekonomi utama. Maka dengan itu, penyelidikan ini bertujuan untuk melihat sejauh mana kegiatan penanaman padi memberi perubahan terhadap sosioekonomi dalam kalangan wanita Melayu di Terengganu pada awal abad ke-20. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif yang melibatkan pengumpulan dan analisis data daripada sumber-sumber primer yang diperoleh daripada Arkib Negara Malaysia seperti CO 840/1 (Terengganu Administration Report, 1910-1930), CO 840/2 (Terengganu Administration Report 1931-1940), Fail Setiausaha Kerajaan Negeri Terengganu dan Fail British Adviser Terengganu. Selain itu, sumber sekunder turut digunakan seperti jurnal, buku, bab buku dan majalah bagi mengukuhkan lagi kajian yang dijalankan. Hasil kajian membuktikan bahawa, melalui kegiatan penanaman padi yang dijalankan oleh wanita Melayu di Terengganu pada awal abad ke-20, ia memberi perubahan sosioekonomi terhadap golongan wanita di Terengganu. Hal ini dapat dilihat melalui aspek kesejahteraan hidup yang diperoleh oleh mereka melalui perolehan pendapatan, pemilikan tanah, peningkatan taraf kesihatan dan lain-lain lagi

Occupational risk assessment: review of wooden scaffold board application in Malaysian oil and gas industry

Timber scaffold boards have been widely utilised in the offshore construction industry. However, technical specifications and inspection procedure for the application of scaffold boards from a wood material were inadequate. In the development of the standard requirements, evaluation of actual engineering practices could indicate the level of workplace safety. A study was conducted to identify risk and safety measures concerning the use of timber scaffold boards in construction. This article discusses on the occupational risks and ergonomics issues of the scaffolding application based on the physical and mechanical conditions of tropical timber scaffold boards extracted from offshore oil and gas rigs. The boards were exposed to a seasonal climate of East Coast monsoon of South China Sea between November and February. The scaffolding application extended up to 20 m directly above the ocean surface and some boards were completely immersed below the ocean surface particularly during elevated tidal waves. Some of the boards were installed as the on-deck platforms. Forty scaffold boards fabricated from tropical timber species were evaluated. Physical characteristics of the boards were described by natural and man-made factors. A three-point bending test was conducted to determine the maximum load capacity of each board and the mode of fracture was evaluated. Timber identification test was conducted to identify the groups of the timber being used. The microscopic observation confirmed the presence of hyphae which indicated the biological deterioration has happened in some of the boards. Occupational risks were summarised based on the results of the physical and mechanical assessments

Pembangunan strategi pembelajaran geometri tiga dimensi: pelan dan dongakan melalui SketchUp Make

Terdapat cukup bukti yang menunjukkan bahawa kemahiran visual spatial dan tahap pemikiran geometri pelajar tidak diberi penekanan yang mencukupi dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran geometri. Permasalahan ini telah menyebabkan kesukaran pembelajaran geometri di kalangan pelajar. Justeru itu, satu strategi pembelajaran yang dinamakan Strategi Pembelajaran Pelan 3 Dimensi melalui SketchUp Make (SPPD-SUM) telah direka dan dibangunkan dengan harapan dapat membantu pelajar untuk meningkatkan kemahiran visual spatial dan pemikiran geometri dalam pembelajaran 3 dimensi geometri bagi tajuk Pelan dan Dongakan. Domain kemahiran visual spatial telah diterapkan ke dalam tahap pemikiran geometri dengan teliti melalui aktiviti pembelajaran yang dibina dan disusun secara spesifik. Susunan ini adalah penting untuk memastikan pelajar dapat mencapai perubahan kognitif yang lebih baik dalam kemahiran spatial visual dengan berkomunikasi dan berinteraksi secara fizikal dan sosial mengikut model hierarki pemikiran geometri van Hiele. Aktiviti pembelajaran telah direka dengan teliti agar selaras dengan setiap tahap pemikiran geometri dan fasa pembelajaran tertentu sebagaimana yang telah ditetapkan oleh van Hiele. SPPD-SUM dibina berdasarkan ciri istimewa perisian dinamik SketchUp Make bagi memudahkan peningkatan kemahiran visual spatial dan pemikiran geometri semasa proses pembelajaran. Keseluruhan proses pembangunan SPPD-SUM berlandaskan lima peringkat kitaran model reka bentuk pengajaran ADDIE. Kertas kerja ini hanya melaporkan dua peringkat iaitu reka bentuk dan pembangunan SPPDSUM

Eco-friendly food packaging : young consumers’ perceptions & practices / Norsyamira Shahrin ... [et al.]

Despite efforts done by the government which imposes “No Plastic Bag” campaign and a ban on polystyrene foam to pack food, small food businesses, food hawkers and campus cafeteria still fail to play their part fully in this exertion. They continue to sell their foods and drinks using non-biodegradable packaging and likewise, consumer still willingly buys them even though they pose hazard to health and environment. Being a young consumer, university student belongs to a huge group that often buys and consumes takeout food. This research focuses on eco-friendly food packaging based on the perception and the practice of young consumers, in this case the undergraduates of Mara University of Technology (Pulau Pinang) Permatang Pauh Campus. A set of questionnaire was constructed and distributed to 315 respondents using convenient sampling. The collected data were analyzed with simple descriptive statistic of frequency, mean and standard deviation. The result of this study demonstrates that most of the respondents are aware on the subject of ecofriendly food packaging and they are influenced by the factors of advertisement, family and peers. Majority of them also agree that the university should propose some alternative to control and reduce non-biodegradable foods and drinks packaging with the intention to encourage undergraduates to practice the use of eco-friendly food packaging. Despite agreeing that eco-friendly food packaging is important, it is found that the respondents do not actually use or fully practice using ecofriendly food packaging. Majority of them rely on the food sellers to provide the packaging for the food they bought in which most of the sellers apply the conventional food packaging method. Looking into this issue, this situation can be considered disconcertin

Making it green : the food packaging perceptions and practices of young consumers / Norsyamira Shahrin ... [et al.]

Food handler still fails to play their part even when the government imposes “No Plastic Bag” campaign and a ban on polystyrene foam to pack foods. This research focuses on eco-friendly food packaging based on the perception and practice of young consumers, especially the undergraduates of Mara University of Technology Penang Campus (UiTMPP). Questionnaire was constructed and distributed to 315 respondents. The collected data were analyzed with simple descriptive statistic of frequency, mean and standard deviation. Most of the respondents are aware on eco-friendlyfood packaging. They agreed that the university should propose some alternative to control and reduce non-biodegradable foods packaging

Reconfigurable Enhanced Path Metric Updater Unit for Space Time Trellis Code Viterbi Decoder

Space Time Trellis Code (STTC) encoding and decoding techniques are effective for delivery of a reliable information because of the signal to noise ratio is very small. Even though the Viterbi algorithm is complicated to be designed, these methods typically used large memory space to store the information that have been processed mainly at the Path Metric Updater (PMU). Therefore, an effective memory management technique is one of the key factors in designing the STTC Viterbi decoder for low power consumption applications. This paper proposed the PMU memory reduction technique especially on Traceback activities that usually required a lot of memories for storing the data that has been processed in the past part by using Altera Quartus 2 and 0.18 µm Altera CPLD 5M570ZF256C5 as targeted hardware. Through this method, the reduction achieved at least 66% of memory requirements and 75% improvements in processing time without a significanct effects on the outputs results of the STTC Viterbi Decoder for 4-PSK modulation technique by using 50MHz clocks

Combined effect of neolamarckia cadamba leaves and electroporation method on hela cell anti- proliferation process

This study suggests that natural sources may become an important tool in treating cancer. Neolamarckia cadamba (NC) leaves also well-known as “Anthocephalus Cadamba”, is a precious plant in Ayurvedic medicine. HeLa cells are one of the examples of eukaryotic cells type. It is derived from human cervical cancer cells. This experiment is conducted in different concentrations of NC Leaves (1μg/ml, 5μg/ml, 10μg/ml, 20μg/ml, 30μg/ml, 40μg/ml, 50μg/ml, 60μg/ml, 70μg/ml, 80μg/ml, 90μg/ml and 100μg/ml) for 48 hours. This experiment’s result proves that the anti-cancer properties of the extract of NC leaves are by increasing the concentration of extract, the numbers of cell viability will decrease. For contribution, the process of NC leaves extract will be combined with the electroporation process to investigate the effect on HeLa cell. Electroporation parameters used for this study were (voltage 600v/cm, pulse duration 5ms, single pulse)

Microwave-assisted acid pretreatment of sago wastewater for fermentable sugar production

Sago wastewater (SWW) is one of by-products from sago starch industry. In most practice, SWW is discharged to the nearby rivers. As it contains high amount of organic compounds, usual practice of disposing the wastewater will cause a detrimental impact to the environment. The organic compounds found in SWW such as starch can be utilized as substrate for biofuel and biohydrogen fermentations. However, this starch needs to first undergo pretreatment process to breakdown its complex sugars to the simpler ones. This study aimed to investigate the effect of microwave-assisted acid pretreatment of SWW for fermentable sugar (glucose) production using sulphuric acid (H2SO4). Three parameters that influenced microwave-assisted acid pretreatment were chosen for optimization which are residence time (3-9 min), acid concentration (0.2-0.6 M) and solid loading (5-15% w/v). Faced Centered Central Composite Design (FCCCD) tool under Response Surface Methodology (RSM) in Design Expert v9.0.6.2 software was used for designing the experiments and optimization purposes. The response was the amount of glucose converted (g/L). The maximum fermentable sugar produced was 3.920 g/L, obtained at 9 minutes with 15% solid loading using 0.6 M of H2SO4. Then, the kinetic study of acid hydrolysis was performed by following the first order reaction kinetics. The rate constant of reaction obtained was 0.1684 min−1. It can be concluded that microwave-assisted acid pretreatment of SWW is able to produce high amount of fermentable sugar within a short residence time