A review on region of interest-based hybrid medical image compression algorithms

Digital medical images have become a vital resource that supports decision-making and treatment procedures in healthcare facilities. The medical image consumes large sizes of memory, and the size keeps on growth due to the trend of medical image technology. The technology of telemedicine encourages the medical practitioner to share the medical image to support knowledge sharing to diagnose and analyse the image. The healthcare system needs to ensure distributes the medical image accurately with zero loss of information, fast and secure. Image compression is beneficial in ensuring that achieve the goal of sharing this data. The region of interest-based hybrid medical compression algorithm plays the parts to reduce the image size and shorten the time of medical image compression process. Various studies have enhanced by combining numerous techniques to get an ideal result. This paper reviews the previous works conducted on a region of interest-based hybrid medical image compression algorithms

May Measurement Month 2017 blood pressure screening: findings from Malaysia—South-East Asia and Australasia

Elevated blood pressure (BP) is a growing burden worldwide, leading to over 10 million deaths each year. However there are still many individuals, particularly in many countries in Asia, who have poor BP control. In Malaysia, less than two-fifths have achieved BP control. We participated in BP screening in Malaysia in conjunc- tion with the May Measurement Month 2017 (MMM17), a global initiative by the International Society of Hypertension (ISH) aimed at screening more individuals for earlier detection of hypertension. A nationwide screening of adults aged 18 was carried out through health campaigns at clinics, hospitals, during family day events, and charity runs from 1 April 2017 to 31 May 2017 in 42 centres. We used the detailed protocol provided by ISH for data collection. A total of 4116 individuals were screened during MMM17. After multiple imputation, 32.4% (n1⁄41317/4059) had hypertension. Out of this, 63.9% (842/1317) of those with hypertension were on treatment. Of individuals receiving antihypertensive medication with an imputed BP, 59.5% (n1⁄4496/834) of them had controlled BP. MMM17 was the largest organized BP screening campaign undertaken by health profes- sionals in Malaysia. This study identified that 32.4% of screened individuals had hypertension and 59.5% individu- als with treated hypertension had achieved BP control

High-performance digital filter in FPGA

Digital filtering algorithms are most commonly implemented using general purpose digital signal processing chips for audio applications, or special purpose digital filtering chips and application- specific integrated circuits (ASICs) for higher rates. Based on the study digital filter which is Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filter, the filter is generally used in the lower sample rates, that is less than 200 kHz (2009) [2]. These filters are used over a wide range of sample rates and are well supported in terms of tools, software, and IP cores. In this research, a high performance and area optimized infinite impulse response (IIR) filter realization in field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) is proposed. The advantages of the FPGA approach to digital filter implementation include higher sampling rates than are available from traditional DSP chips, lower costs than an ASIC for moderate volume applications, and more flexibility than the alternate approaches. Since many current FPGA architectures are in-system programmable, the configuration of the device may be changed to implement different functionality if required. The main goal of this project is to mapping data flow graphs (DFGs) from the BiQuad architecture direct form II of Infinite Impulse Response filtering algorithms into application specific structure is considered. This filter realizes BiQuad Methods was structured with the high throughput, high clock frequency (Fmax), low Critical Path Delay (CPD), and low Latency (L). Optimization method is proposed which provides designing pipelined structures, concurrent, minimal resource utilization and minimized sensitivity to truncation errors. A digital filter which is compatible with simulation tool (software) Verilog HDL Quartus II and Matlab presented in preliminary results chapter 5

Modeling and characterization of Schottky diode on AlGaAs/GaAs HEMT structure for rectenna device

The modeling and characterization of Schottky diode on AlGaAs/GaAs HEMT structure for rectenna device is presented. The rectenna device can be used as a wireless power supply where it can capture microwave power and convert to the dc power to generate the others devices or circuits on a chip. Design and simulation of Schottky diode on AlGaAs/GaAs HEMT structure was carried out. From the simulated results, it was found that the operating frequency of the Schottky diode is tunable based on the length ofcoplanar waveguide

A Performance Review for Hybrid Region of Interest-Based Medical Image Compression

In this modern era, medical image sharing has become a routine activity within hospital information systems. Digital medical images have become valuable resources that aid health care systems’ decision-making and treatment procedures. A medical image consumes a significant amount of memory, and the size of medical images continues to grow as medical imaging technology progresses. In addition, an image is shared for analysis to support knowledge sharing and disease diagnosis. Therefore, health care systems must ensure that medical images are appropriately distributed without information loss in a timely and secure manner. Image compression is the primary process performed on each medical image before it is shared to ensure that the purpose of sharing an image is accomplished. The hybrid region of interest-based medical compression algorithms reduces image size. Furthermore, these algorithms shorten the image compression process time by manipulating the advantages of lossy and lossless compression techniques. A comprehensive review of previous studies that utilized this approach was conducted. Sample studies were selected from published articles in an open database subscribed to by Universiti Teknologi Malaysia for ten years (2012 to 2023). This work aims to critically review and comprehensively analyze previous types of algorithms by focusing on their main performance results: compression ratio, mean square error and peak signal-to-noise ratio. This article will identify which type of algorithm can give optimal value to the primary performance metric for compressing medical images

Influence of multiple variables on characteristics of “Neurobionanoparticles” prepared by diffusion-solvent-evaporation technique

We had attempted to synthesize nanoparticle called “Neurobionanoparticle” (NBP), consisted of biodegradable polymers (PLGA and chitosan) and plant-origin material (Nigella Sativa), intended for delivery of plasmid DNA to the central nervous system (CNS). Several independent variables were employed namely, type of co-solvents (ethyl acetate, acetone and chloroform), concentration of N. sativa (0.3 %, 0.6%, 0.9% and 1.2 % v/v), concentration of chitosan (1% and 2% w/v) and homogenization speed of primary and secondary emulsion formation (8 000, 11 500 and 20 500 rpm). Size, zeta potential and surface morphology of the particles were characterized as a function of those multiple variables. The results suggested that fabrication of NBP using the diffusion-solvent-evaporation method employing ethyl acetate as co-solvent and speed 20 500 rpm successfully produced spherical nanoparticles with particle size of around 300 nm. At 2% w/v chitosan, high concentration of N. sativa (1.2% v/v) was found to moderately reduce the size of the nanoparticles to 200 nm. As a conclusion, appropriate set of variables could be employed to yield NBP of desirable characteristics

L-Band amplitude scintillations during solar maximum at a low latitude station

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is one of the most important and useful technologies developed for information and communication technology. Propagated wireless signals along the GPS link are affected by the ionospheric irregularities, therefore the GPS signals may experience ionospheric scintillation. In this study, GPS L-band amplitude scintillations observed at a low latitude station. Data from the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Ionospheric Scintillation and Total Electron Content (TEC) monitor (GISTM) receiver installed at the Space Science Centre (ANGKASA), Institute of Climate Change, UniversitiKebangsaan Malaysia, UKM (2.92°N, 101.78°E) were used for this study. Of the 460 scintillation (by neglecting S4<0.15) events recorded during February 2014, 55% were weak (0.15≤S4<0.25), 32% were moderate (0.25≤S4<0.35) and 13% were strong (S4≥0.35). For February 2014, the amplitude scintillations were most pronounced in the post-sunset time to pre-midnight time. Finally, these analysed data are used to study the variability of scintillation with solar activities

May Measurement Month 2017 blood pressure screening: findings from Malaysia-South-East Asia and Australasia

Elevated blood pressure (BP) is a growing burden worldwide, leading to over 10 million deaths each year. However there are still many individuals, particularly in many countries in Asia, who have poor BP control. In Malaysia, less than two-fifths have achieved BP control. We participated in BP screening in Malaysia in conjunction with the May Measurement Month 2017 (MMM17), a global initiative by the International Society of Hypertension (ISH) aimed at screening more individuals for earlier detection of hypertension. A nationwide screening of adults aged ≥18 was carried out through health campaigns at clinics, hospitals, during family day events, and charity runs from 1 April 2017 to 31 May 2017 in 42 centres. We used the detailed protocol provided by ISH for data collection. A total of 4116 individuals were screened during MMM17. After multiple imputation, 32.4% (n = 1317/4059) had hypertension. Out of this, 63.9% (842/1317) of those with hypertension were on treatment. Of individuals receiving antihypertensive medication with an imputed BP, 59.5% (n = 496/834) of them had controlled BP. MMM17 was the largest organized BP screening campaign undertaken by health professionals in Malaysia. This study identified that 32.4% of screened individuals had hypertension and 59.5% individuals with treated hypertension had achieved BP control

Training manual on approach to unwell children under 5 years

In line with the SDG, Ministry of Health Malaysia aims to end all preventable deaths among newborn and children under 5 years and developed the ‘Training Manual on Approach to Unwell Children under 5 years’ (ATUCU5) based on the WHO IMCI strategy. ATUCU5 is meant for training of our health care providers on three main components, which includes early detection of danger signs, improvements in the case management skills and proper immediate treatment