STABILITY INDICATING RP-HPLC METHOD FOR THE ESTIMATION OF DIETHYLCARBAMAZINE CITRATE, GUAIPHENESIN AND CHLORPHENIRAMINE MALEATE

Objective: The present work describes the development and subsequent validation of a simple, precise and stability–indicating reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the simultaneous estimation of diethylcarbamazine citrate, guaiphenesin and chlorpheniramine maleate in tablet dosage forms.Methods: A simple, accurate, precise and robust RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the estimation of diethylcarbamazine citrate, guaiphenesin and chlorpheniramine maleate. The chromatographic separation of all the three active components was achieved by using luna phenyl-hexyl column (250 mmx4.6 mm, dp=5 µm) with a mobile phase consisting of isocratic method with 0.1% triethylamine as buffer along with orthophosphoric acid adjusted to PH 2.5: acetonitrile (50:50v/v) at a flow rate 1.0 ml/min and ultraviolet detection at 210 nm.Results: The retention time of chlorpheniramine maleate, guaiphenesin and diethylcarbamazine citrate were 2.86, 4.89 and 7.76 min respectively. Validation of the proposed method was carried out according to an international conference on harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The established method was linear in the range of 1-15, 0.6-9, 0.02-0.3 µg/ml and correlation coefficient was 0.999, 0.9991, and 0.993 for diethylcarbamazine citrate, guaiphenesin and chlorpheniramine maleate respectively.Conclusion: The proposed method can be used for the quantitative analysis of diethylcarbamazine citrate, guaiphenesin and chlorpheniramine maleate

NOVEL VALIDATED REVERSED-PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF GLUCOSAMINE, DIACEREIN, AND METHYL SULFONYL METHANE IN MICRO SAMPLE RAT PLASMA AND ITS APPLICATION TO PHARMACOKINETIC AND DISSOLUTION STUDIES

Objective: The main objective of this research is to develop and validate a simple, specific, precise, sensitive, cost-effective, and rapid reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method for simultaneous quantification of glucosamine (GLU), diacerein (DIA) and methyl sulfonyl methane in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms, and micro-sample of rat plasma using ultraviolet (UV) detection, to perform the studies of drug dissolution from tablets. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were used for pharmacokinetic study after intravenous administration of the drug samples at dose 5 mg/kg. The drug samples were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction technique using acetonitrile, which also acted as a deproteinization agent. The separation of the analyte was carried out on a phenomena C18 column with a mobile phase composed of 0.1 % orthophosphoric acid:acetonitrile (80:20 v/v) delivered at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min, and separation has been monitored by a UV detector, at detection of the wavelength of 285 nm. Results: This method was proven to be linear over a concentration range of 30–450 μg/ml for GLU, 2–30 μg/ml for DIA, and 10–150 μg/ml for methyl sulfonyl methane with a correlation coefficient of 0.999. The retention time of GLU, DIA, and methyl sulfonyl methane were 2.89, 6.32, and 9.87 min, respectively. Recovery of the drugs was found to be in the range of 98.0–102.0%. Validation results were found to be satisfactory and the method applicable for bulk and formulation analysis. Hence, it was evident that the proposed method was said to be a suitable one for the regular analysis and quality control of pharmaceutical preparations which contain these active drugs either individually or in combination. Conclusion: The validation results were in good agreement with acceptable limits. Relative standard deviation values which are less than 2.0% are indicating the accuracy and precision of this method. The usefulness of the method is that the common chromatographic conditions have been adopted for assay, dissolution, and pharmacokinetic studies. This developed method showed reliable, precise, and accurate results under optimized conditions

Cobalt mediated by desulfurization toward the synthesis of isothiocyanates

<p>A highly efficient and simple protocol for the construction of aromatic and aliphatic isothiocyanates from their respective amines in the presence of cheap, readily available, and air-stable cobalt catalyst is described. All reactions were carried out under optimized reaction conditions and gave target products in good to excellent yields within shorter reaction time.</p

Construction of phenoxazine rings containing nitro and sulfonic acid groups leading to phenoxazine-3-sulfonamide derivatives: Their evaluation as novel and potential insulin secretagogues

A series of N-(alkyl/aryl/heteroaryl)-1-nitro-10H-phenoxazine-3- sulfonamides was designed, synthesized and evaluated for its hypoglycemic, hyperglycemic and oral anti-diabetic activities. These compounds were prepared via the construction of a phenoxazine ring containing nitro and sulfonic acid groups in a single step followed by further transformations. One of these compounds exhibited promising anti-diabetic activities comparable to glibenclamide and increased serum insulin levels indicating its potential as a novel insulin secretagogue. This journal i

Novel imidazophenoxazine-4-sulfonamides: their synthesis and evaluation as potential inhibitors of PDE4

A number of novel imidazophenoxazine-4-sulfonamides have been designed as potential inhibitors of PDE4. All these compounds were readily prepared via an elegant multi-step method involving the initial construction of 1-nitro-10H-phenoxazine ring and then fused imidazole ring as key steps. Some of these compounds showed promising PDE4B and D inhibition when tested in vitro and good interactions with these proteins in silico. Three of these compounds showed dose dependent inhibition of PDE4B with IC50 value of 3.31 +/- 0.62, 1.23 +/- 0.18 and 0.53 +/- 0.18 mu M. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Resource Recovery From Wastes and Wastewaters Using Bioelectrochemical Systems.

Recent scientific and technological advancements in bioelectrochemical system (BES) research have opened up several avenues for realizing the concept of bio-based economy. Current research within this area has been directed toward exploring their applicability to generate a wastewater biorefinery. Valorization of resources in the form of energy, nutrients, metals, and chemicals has been actively exhibited using this technology. This chapter highlights the fundamentals and technological aspects of bioelectrochemical resource recovery from wastes and wastewaters with detailed emphasis on the latest trends of bioelectrorecovery systems (BERSs). Several wastes and wastewater feedstocks are enlisted and classified based on their prospects for resource and energy recovery. Two representative case studies, existing challenges, and a brief overview of the relative advantages and disadvantages of BERSs over alternative resource recovery options are also included. Further, an outlook is given for realizing resource recovery using BESs as a sustainable technology in the domain of energy and resource management