Invariant manifolds mediating collinear hydrogen exchange reaction

We discuss the phase space structure for the collinear hydrogen exchange system crosses an energy barrier. Above the reaction threshold, the system must pass through a Symmetric Stretch Periodic Orbit (SSPO) where the dynamics are structuring a Dividing Surface (DS) that separates reactants and products. At low energy, the SSPO can serve as a dividing surface that satisfies the no-recrossing assumption of Transition State Theory (TST). As the energy increases, saddle-node bifurcations occur on both sides of the SSPO. Above the bifurcation energy, trajectories appear that recross the central DS. The region of recrossing trajectories is bounded by the stable manifolds of the additional Unstable Periodic Orbits (UPOs). We investigate the fractal structure of the TST is violating islands of the DS and how it is determined by the invariant manifolds of the additional periodic orbits. We demonstrate that the various layers are all bounded by the same stable manifold. The second part is devoted to the study of the phase space structure in a region where the stable manifold initiated. It appears that some of the ensemble trajectories do not cross the DS. We demonstrate the area of those trajectories validating the boundary of various layers from those trajectories that do not. Following this, we make use of the symmetry and demonstrate that these various layers appeared on all versions of the DS and are bounded by the symmetric invariant manifolds belonging to the UPOs, which existed on both sides of the SSPO. Finally, we demonstrate those invariant manifolds intersecting each other, before intersecting the DS, which leads to more complicated behaviour.</div

The impact of writing strategies on the written product of EFL Saudi male students at King Abdul-Aziz University

PhD ThesisThe present study investigates the composing processes and strategies in the written composition of final-year Saudi male students majoring in English at King Abdul-Aziz University. The aim of this investigation is to identify and analyse the writing processes of those students in order to understand some of the reasons behind their poor written output. It also aims to investigate the way skilled and less-skilled students compose their English writing, to classify the differences in the use of strategies between the two groups, and to study the impact of using strategies on the written product. Moreover, the thesis tries to gain a deeper understanding of the sub-processes of writing, such as planning, structuring, reviewing, and revising. To this end, data was collected that included written samples, a writing strategy questionnaire (WSQ), and think-aloud protocols (TAP). The findings of the data analysis indicate first that the students have problems at the sentential and intersentential levels. Second, the findings show that the students are conscious of writing strategies, so they are expected to plan, translate and edit their writing. Third, the findings of the WSQ reveal that students do not report what they actually do. Fourth, the results of the analysis of the TAPs show that the students used mainly meta-cognitive, cognitive, and affective strategies. However, only skilled students planned their writing globally or locally, and both skilled and less-skilled students were involved in the cognitive process

The Effects of Social Transformations on Family Ties in the Saudi Social Novel: Ibrahim Al-Nassir as a Case Study

This article investigates the social transformations inside the Saudi family and their effect on intimate family ties Social novels represent a variety of family relationships some of which are still governed by long-established social customs while others have been shaped by the modern era and are more appropriate to contemporary lifestyles This article will begin by comparing the representation of traditional and more modern-style marriages identifying the most significant changes in social customs as a result of social transformation and using this to understand the foundations of relationships within the Saudi family particularly those between husband and wife Two distinct sorts of husband-wife relationships are shown in Saudi narrative discourse The first is the traditional image of the relationship which is devoid of emotion and in which the two parties do not cooperate actively The other a more modern image of the relationship appears to be more harmonious and sympathetic This article will also shed light on parent-child relationships by contrasting traditional and modern images of this relationship in the Saudi social novel Finally this article will also examine the generation gap exploring the critical factors that contributed to its widening This article will explore al-Nassir s novels as a case study using concepts from social studies to achieve a better understanding of the nature of family relationships in the context of rapid social transformatio

Saudi Women’s Status in the Social Novel Ibrahim Al-Nassir as a Case Study

The Saudi social novel devotes considerable attention to women as a theme analyzing and debating several issues concerning them This article will discuss the status of Saudi women in social novels The article will look at the reason for this interest in women s issues Besides it will examine the factors that lie behind the weak position of women in Saudi society Then it will provide three images of women in the Saudi social novel that symbolize the transformations in Saudi women s status and that appear in al-Nassir s novels traditional women modern women and radical women With regards to the first of these types they do not play an active role in the progress of the fictional events reflecting the passivity of the role they play in real life In contrast their modern and radical counterparts play a central role in the narrative Finally this article will deal with the Arab Women s Liberation Movement which has influenced some of al-Nassir s fiction character

Hiatal hernia

61 years old known case of bronchial asthma, chronic pancreatitis, presented with postprandial epigastric cramping abdominal pain and vomiting for one month no history of trauma. Initial evaluation revealed paraesophageal hernia. EGD finding is grade II esophagitis with nodular mucosa and superficial ulceration, Distal part of the funds, body and the Antrum were rolled back into thoracic cavity. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) showed undulating diaphragm and large complex hiatal hernia. The cardia is above the diaphragm. The entire stomach is in the chest, paraesophageal, right and left to esophagus. The patient is symptomatic and surgery done for him.Pan African Medical Journal 2016; 2

The novel stochastic solutions for ion sound and Langmuir waves model in plasma physics

This paper analyzes and examines the ion sound and Langmuir waves (ISALWs) model with noise term utilizing the powerful extended tanh technique and the complete discrimination system for the polynomial method. Namely, we introduce some new stochastic solutions for the ISALWs model with multiplicative noise in the Itô sense. Ion sound waves and Langmuir waves are distinguished as fundamental plasma waves, characterized by varying frequencies, wavelengths, and modes of propagation. The combination of ion inertia and electron pressure results in the propagation of low-frequency electrostatic waves, referred to as ion sound waves, within a plasma. Langmuir waves refer to the high-frequency electrostatic oscillations of electrons within a plasma, while ions, due to their larger mass, are considered to be almost at rest. We also investigate how the noise term affects the structural characteristics of waves. These results have potential relevance to plasma physics applications, such as solar wind dynamics, Langmuir turbulence, and burst-like wave phenomena in cusp regions. Utilizing the capabilities of the MATLAB release, several profile pictures are created to demonstrate the behavior of the presented stochastic solutions. Ultimately, the suggested methodology has the potential to be adapted for various other models in the applied science

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Hepatitis B Virus Infection among Dental Students and Interns in Saudi Arabia

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a worldwide healthcare problem. Dental health care professionals are at a high risk of infection by HBV. The present study investigated the knowledge, attitude and practice of HBV infection among Saudi dental students and Interns in Saudi Arabia. This was a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study. A self-administered questionnaire consisting of questions on students? knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding HBV was used. Data of 420 participants were analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Studies) version 22.0. The response rate was 84%. Overall, the participants showed fair level of knowledge about HBV, with significant differences between final year students and the interns. Also, the subjects showed negative attitude toward HBV patients. The vast majority reported always wearing gloves (97.9%), gowns (92.1%), face masks (89.2%), disposable caps (87.1%) and protective eye wear (80.9%). The majority of participants (91.4%) had been vaccinated against HBV. However, only 41% completed the recommended 3 doses of the vaccine. These unsatisfactory findings emphasize the necessity of continued education about HBV in order to improve knowledge, attitudes, and practices of dental students and Interns regarding HBV

The role of digital knowledge tools (Osint) in raising the efficiency of organizations

This study is a review of the benefits and uses of digital tools for knowledge and a review of the general concepts of open-source intelligence tools, how to benefit from them in organizations in general, and the areas of their uses. The researcher used the documentary approach in this, and the study concluded with the following results: Prove that information can be collected easily from applications or from the Internet using OSINT. Factors, dimensions and influences can be identified that make the value of OSINT high. The stages of collecting intelligence information can also be determined using OSINT tools. The study recommends that every organization should benefit from digital tools. In bringing knowledge in terms of building a system that contains flowing knowledge collected from open sources, countries must also rely on the inevitable technological development to synchronize with the development of OSINT tools, relying on efficiency, effectiveness, and low-cost service, and on further research and studies in the field of ( OSINT) The stages of collecting intelligence information can also be determined using OSINT tools. The study recommends that every organization must benefit from digital tools in bringing knowledge in terms of building a system that contains flowing knowledge collected from open sources. Countries must also rely on technological development. It is imperative to synchronize with the development of OSINT tools, relying on efficiency, effectiveness, and low-cost service, and to further research and studies in the field of OSINT. There is also the need to find a legal cover based on extracting the possible and different results of the information using OSINT tools, and also benefiting from the fields of deep learning and investigative journalism, seeking the assistance of experts in this field, and cooperation between the public and private sectors

Reviewing the literature from 2004 to 2023: On How to investment open-source intelligence tools (Osint) in the knowledge economy Literature of the subject

The current study aimed to review the literature from 2004 to 2023 AD to uncover studies and research that addressed how to effectively invest in open-source intelligence tools (Osint) in the knowledge economy. The study reached several results, The most important of which is that information becomes more valuable the higher it is ranked, creating a closed system that values ​​the preservation of secrets more than the accumulation of publicly available knowledge. Open source intelligence has also been more useful than traditional intelligence from the Cold War until today, as it is useful in all fields, not just military, Social and economic development based on competition and measuring progress through knowledge gathered through open intelligence reflects positively on the development of armies and not the other way around. Also, in light of the spread of technologies and communications, development is fundamentally linked in all fields to knowledge and information collected through... the Osint Road. From the presentation of studies, all studies emphasized the importance of investing in open source intelligence tools (Osint) in order to build strong and competitive knowledge economic systems. The study also attempted to fill the gap in studies that addressed the subject of the study. &nbsp