The Impact of Communication Between Paramedics and Nurses on the Speed of Medical Response in Emergency Situations

Aim: The current research aimed to measure the impact of communication between paramedics and nurses on the speed of medical response in emergency situations. The study was applied to a sample of 357 individuals working in the emergency departments in Taif city. The study concluded with the following findings: The results showed that good communication between paramedics and nurses had a direct positive impact on the speed of medical response in emergency situations. Teams with effective communication were better able to provide rapid and accurate treatment in critical situations. Effective coordination between paramedics and nurses has been shown to help reduce medical errors and increase the efficiency of care delivery. Teams that used integrated communication systems (such as wireless devices or digital apps) were more efficient in carrying out necessary medical steps quickly.     The study recommended The researcher recommends developing training programs for paramedics and nurses that focus on improving interpersonal communication skills in emergency teams. These programs could include training on active listening, crisis management, and giving clear instructions under pressure. It is essential to establish clear mechanisms for coordination between paramedics and nurses in emergency rooms or during transportation to hospitals. These mechanisms should include a clear sequence of medical steps and direct communication methods

Financial and Planning Director in Non-Profit Sector NGOs

Social organizations in general, and civil society organizations in particular, are one of the fundamental mechanisms and structures for achieving community goals. The importance of strategic planning is highlighted by its focus on identifying long-, medium-, and short-term goals that align with the mission of the civil society organization. The need for a financial manager or financial officer in non-profit civil society organizations has emerged to ensure compliance with audit reports and quality standards that monitor administrative and financial systems and help optimize the use of available resources. The non-profit sector has expanded significantly in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, with 2,600 organizations operating there. To support the non-profit sector, the National Center for Non-Profit Sector Development was established as an independent financial and administrative entity to develop and advance the performance of these non-profit organizations. The process of evaluating the performance of the financial manager of civil society organizations aims to develop and improve financial performance, going beyond oversight to identify errors and make recommendations, highlighting obstacles and deviations, and providing a measure of the organization's success in achieving its goals. Civil society organizations are also required to submit budget estimates for revenues, sales, and expenses, including workforce estimates, and general budget estimates. The association's annual work program should align with the fiscal year, ensuring that annual activities do not fall between two fiscal years. This allows for budget preparation and analysis of the association's financial performance. Planning seeks to achieve the overall objectives of civil society organizations using the best means and at the lowest cost. Therefore, the success of planning depends on selecting appropriate means to achieve these objectives, given that planning is a process through which the future of the civil society organization is developed. Planning provides a shared understanding within the organization of the goals and accomplishments it seeks to achieve, as well as the steps required to achieve these accomplishments. It also helps set priorities, allocate resources and determine the best ways to use them, accurately define objectives, roles, and performance indicators, and keep the organization and its members on track. Associations apply several levels of planning, depending on the nature of the topic they are planning for. The most important levels of planning in associations include organizational planning, strategic planning, program/department/project planning, and individual planning

The role of knowledge management in enhancing institutional efficiency and improving the performance of the 933-call center of the Saudi Electricity Company: a case study

This study aimed to identify the role of knowledge management in Call Center 933 and its impact on enhancing institutional efficiency and improving performance, by examining the processes of knowledge management in its dimensions (knowledge diagnosis, knowledge generation, knowledge storage, knowledge distribution, knowledge application), and identifying the level of institutional efficiency and performance improvement in Call Center 933. The study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach and utilized a questionnaire administered to a random sample of administrators in Call Center 933, with 240 respondents. The study found that the employees in Call Center 933 possess the necessary knowledge needs for knowledge management. The statistical results indicated that the level of knowledge management in Call Center 933 is applied to a high degree. Additionally, the level of institutional efficiency and performance improvement was high. Furthermore, a statistically significant negative correlation was found at a significance level of 0.01 between knowledge management in Call Center 933 in its dimensions (knowledge diagnosis, knowledge generation, knowledge storage, knowledge distribution, knowledge application) and enhancing institutional efficiency and performance improvement. This indicates that the more the knowledge management processes are applied in Call Center 933, the higher the institutional efficiency and performance improvement. The application of knowledge management in Call Center 933 contributed to the development of human resources by enhancing managerial skills and providing information about subordinates' performance. The study recommended enhancing knowledge management efforts in Call Center 933 by developing new systems for diagnosing, generating, storing, distributing, and applying knowledge, and intensifying efforts to enhance institutional efficiency by implementing innovative strategies supported by knowledge management.https://doi.org/10.24897/acn.64.68.2025500

Financial Director and Quality Management in Nonprofit Organizations

Introducing the concept of Total Quality Management (TQM) means that every part and area of work must be subject to a thorough review, redesign, and reorganization to eliminate all forms and causes of poor performance and poor quality. The use of TQM has become widespread in organizations over the past decade. Despite the varying objectives of implementing this system, the importance of customers has become a unified value and a constant principle within this system. Organizations today adopt the TQM approach, a relatively new management philosophy that emerged in the 1980s. Its effectiveness in improving productivity, supporting competitiveness, and continuously improving quality by focusing on beneficiary needs has been proven. TQM is also an urgent necessity in light of growing concerns about accounting accountability in nonprofit organizations, particularly regarding the inadequacy of financial reporting and oversight mechanisms following the numerous financial scandals that have plagued organizations in this sector. The primary objectives of implementing a quality management program in civil society organizations in the non-profit sector are to reduce costs, reduce the time required to complete tasks for clients, achieve quality, shorten the time required to complete tasks, raise the level of organization staff, positively impact their performance, reduce useless tasks, and increase the organization's resources. Quality in program implementation eliminates waste, reduces costs, and contributes to attracting donors. Finally, it is important to achieve the organization's long-term goals of reducing poverty, raising the standard of living for beneficiaries, and gaining community support. The main principles underlying Total Quality Management include the commitment and support of senior management, employee participation, team building, and training. This is achieved by instilling the concept of Total Quality within the organization's culture, through education and training, utilizing consultants, and enhancing motivation, supervision, and follow-up. To ensure the success of the Total Quality Strategy, it is necessary to activate the comprehensive participation of all organization staff, manage human resources effectively, obtain the support and endorsement of senior management for efforts to achieve Total Quality, create an organizational culture and work environment, provide training and continuing education, and adopt leadership styles appropriate to the Total Quality Management philosophy. In the same context of working to achieve comprehensive quality, financial disclosure must include information covering the association's financial and operational results, including all information related to funding sources, guidelines for the association's salary policy and structures for senior employees, transactions with related parties, and anticipated risk factors. Board members and senior employees of the association are required to disclose to the board whether they have achieved, directly, indirectly, or on behalf of a third party, a material benefit from any transactions or matters that directly impact the association. An annual review must be conducted by an independent and competent auditor.   &nbsp

Bridging the Divide: Neurophysiological Signatures and Holistic Treatment Models for PTSD and Complex PTSD

This paper provides a comprehensive comparative analysis of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (C-PTSD), examining their distinct etiologies, clinical presentations, neurobiological underpinnings, and treatment implications. While both conditions stem from traumatic experiences, C-PTSD emerges from prolonged or repeated trauma and presents with additional symptom clusters reflecting disturbances in self-organization, including emotional dysregulation, negative self-concept, and interpersonal difficulties. Recent neuroimaging and neurophysiological research reveals differentiated patterns of neural disruption in these conditions. Functional MRI studies demonstrate alterations in three key networks: heightened amygdala reactivity, default mode network dysfunction, and salience network abnormalities, with potentially more extensive disruptions in C-PTSD. Quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) findings indicate specific power spectral alterations, including alpha power reduction, increased beta activity, and theta changes, which may serve as biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment planning. The paper also examines how healthcare bias, particularly the Cartesian dualism embedded in modern medicine, influences diagnostic practices and treatment approaches. This reductionist perspective can lead to fragmentation in trauma care and misdiagnosis, especially for complex trauma presentations. Integrating spiritually-oriented approaches with conventional treatments offers promising avenues for addressing the multidimensional impact of trauma, particularly for C-PTSD where disruptions extend beyond symptom clusters to fundamental aspects of identity, meaning, and connection. The analysis concludes that a more integrated understanding of these conditions, incorporating neurobiological, psychological, social, and spiritual dimensions, is essential for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment. Future research priorities include further clarification of diagnostic boundaries, development of targeted treatment approaches, and exploration of how neurobiological markers might guide personalized interventions for trauma survivors [1,2,3,7].Doi: 10.24897/acn.64.68.aasrj52025

The Civil Liability for Medical Errors: Analytical Study

This study deals with the subject of civil liability for medical errors, as the safety of the human body is considered one of the most important rights called for by divine laws and followed by positive laws. The civil liability of the doctor is determined if he fails to fulfill a duty or a regulatory or professional obligation, whether intentionally or by mistake. The study aims to clarify the concept of medical error and its types, and to determine the obligations that fall on the doctor to preserve the patient, in addition to knowing the effects resulting from civil liability for medical errors and determining the civil liability lawsuit in terms of compensation.https://doi.org/10.24897/acn.64.68.2025500

The role of the knowledge economy in supporting and developing emerging projects in business incubators in universities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, to achieve sustainable competitive advantage

This study aims to explore the role of the knowledge economy in supporting and developing emerging projects within business incubators at Saudi universities, with the goal of achieving sustainable competitive advantage. The importance of this study arises from the accelerating global economic transformations and the growing focus on entrepreneurship and innovation as key drivers of sustainable development. University incubators are viewed as critical environments that nurture startups by offering resources, guidance, and training. The research adopts a descriptive-analytical approach by reviewing literature and analyzing how university-based incubators contribute to transforming knowledge into economic value. The findings demonstrate that integrating knowledge economy principles within incubators significantly enhances innovation, improves product quality, reduces operational costs, and increases the success potential of emerging projects. The study emphasizes the importance of investing in human capital, promoting innovation-driven environments, and establishing strong collaboration between universities, industries, and government bodies. It concludes by recommending the development of specialized educational and training programs, provision of advanced technological infrastructure, and fostering international partnerships to ensure the long-term sustainability and competitiveness of startup initiatives within the framework of a knowledge-based economy.Doi: 10.24897/acn.64.68.imaj52025

Knowledge Sharing between Theory and Practice: A Bibliometric Analysis of the Saudi Arabian Context

In light of the rapid transformations taking place in the knowledge economy, knowledge exchange has become a fundamental pillar for achieving institutional efficiency, innovation, and national development. Despite growing academic interest in this field, the theoretical and applied progress of knowledge exchange within the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia still requires further research and exploration. This study aims to provide a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of 516 academic outputs published between 2000 and 2025, to map the intellectual infrastructure, thematic shifts, and institutional contributions associated with knowledge exchange research in the Kingdom. Using data from the Lens platform and analysis tools such as Excel and VOSviewer, the study reveals a significant increase in Saudi research output after 2016, which closely coincides with the launch of Saudi Vision 2030. The results highlight the most prominent publishing platforms, key players, and five prominent thematic clusters, including public health, technology integration, education, and economic development. The study also discussed a clear theoretical and applied gap, indicating the limited use of models and frameworks such as social exchange theory, the theory of planned behaviour, and knowledge-based orientation. This study provides an important roadmap for future research through recommendations that enhance the integration of different theories, diversify research methods, and achieve greater alignment of national policies with the requirements of a knowledge economy. The findings contribute to enriching the scientific literature related to knowledge exchange within the regional context of the Kingdom and support national efforts to build a sustainable society based on innovation and knowledge. &nbsp

Knowledge Management at Hafil Transportation Company: A Proposed Strategy

Currently, organizations are facing many challenges and obstacles directly affecting their continuity and achieving their competitive advantage. Some of these are internal and others are external. Therefore, it is important for organizations to benefit from the Knowledge they have being the most important asset. Knowledge is becoming the most important asset for organizations as it is a unique asset for each organization. The key is how organizations should link and benefit out of it by maximizing the use of the knowledge they have and directly linking it to their strategy. The main goal of this study is propose a Knowledge Management strategy framework for Hafil transport company aiming on how to maximize the use and benefit from the knowledge available in the company so it can differentiate its services and achieve the competitive advantage to achieve their goals and to be in line with vision 2030 in the passenger transport sector. The methodology used was a case study of Hafil Transport Company where the company was studied in depth covering it is current status and gaps, stenght and weakness points and the level of the company maturity. Also, focus Group methodology was used to present and discuss the strategy framework seeking expert’s feedback and comments. The study collected and gathered the needed information by conducting direct interviews, reviewing policies and procedures, visiting sites and locations. The main outcomes from this study is that knowledge do exist in Hafil Transport Company in various types and shapes but in a random way. They are based on individual efforts without any systematic approach. Also, it was found that the available knowledge is not linked with the company strategy which reduces the its benefit.  Based on the results of the study, one of the key recommendations is to implement the proposed knowledge management strategy framework for Hafil Transport Company and assessing it periodically with required corrective actions. In addition to that, allocating more dedicated resources, full integrations of systems and applications, enhancing communication among teams, applying knowledge management practices and other recommendations were proposed.Doi: 10.24897/acn.64.68.imaj52025

The Importance of Stakeholders in Various Projects: Analytical Study

This study addresses the importance of stakeholder management as a fundamental element in the success of various projects. It reviews the concept of stakeholders, identifies their significance, objectives, and management principles, as well as the challenges organizations face in this area. Descriptive and analytical methodologies were employed, analyzing data through multiple frameworks such as SWOT analysis. The findings indicate that failure to manage relationships with stakeholders can lead to negative consequences, such as a lack of trust and increased costs. The study also emphasizes the importance of continuous communication with stakeholders to enhance transparency and build confidence. The study's primary objectives include understanding the principles and effective practices for stakeholder management and raising awareness of their critical role in all project phases. The study provides practical recommendations for improving stakeholder management, including developing effective communication strategies, defining the expectations of each stakeholder group, and establishing appropriate mechanisms for addressing changes in project requirements. This study contributes to enhancing both academic and practical understanding of the importance of stakeholder management, helping organizations improve their performance and increase the success chances of their projects in changing work environments.https://doi.org/10.24897/acn.64.68.20255004&nbsp