Potential reuse of recovered nonmetallic printed circuit board waste as sand replacement in construction materials

The study analyzed the treatment of nonmetallic printed circuit board (PCBs) by adding them into mortar cement and cement brick as sand replacement. This study aims to propose methods for reuse of nonmetallic PCBs waste. The leachability of raw nonmetallic PCBs was tested by performing crushed block leachability test (CBL). This test was conducted to determine the suitability of nonmetallic PCBs as a nontoxic material in terms of environmental. Mortar cement and cement brick specimens with nonmetallic PCBs ranging from 0% to 40% and 0% to 50% by weight of sand were prepared. The effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated by performing compressive strength as well as flexural strength, water absorption and whole block leaching (WBL) tests on the treated nonmetallic printed circuit board. The durability of mortar added 10% nonmetallic PCBs waste was also examined through acidic conditioning tests. The results indicated that the leaching of selected heavy metal ions from the cement matrix and raw nonmetallic PCBs are within the standard limits set by Department of Environment Malaysia (DOE). The analysis from TCLP test showed that almost all of concentration of metal ions detected in the CBL test (without treatment) was higher than the concentration of ion in WBL test (treatment). The compressive strength and flexural strength of the mortar added with nonmetallic PCBs was generally lower in the range of 10.1 N/mm2 to 31.9 N/mm2 for compressive strength and 3.5 N/mm2 to 7.7 N/mm2 for flexural strength than the control samples which is 33.5 N/mm2 and 8.0 N/mm2. The amount of nonmetallic PCBs to replace sand for optimum strength of mortar was about 28% with 95% confident level of ANOVA, and for brick the optimum proportion of nonmetallic PCBs is not more than 30%. From durability tests, weight and compressive strength both of mortars was decrease after soaking in acid solution. The total weight and compressive strength change is about 1.11% and 11.11% for mortar added with nonmetallic PCBs while 0.94% and 13.29% for control mortar. As a conclusion, the study shows that nonmetallic PCBs can be reused in profitable and environmentally friendly ways and has broad application prospects

Iklim sekolah dan efikasi kendiri dalam kalangan guru bimbingan dan kaunseling sekolah menengah di Kelantan

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti hubungan antara iklim sekolah dan efikasi kendiri guru bimbingan dan kaunseling di negeri Kelantan. Responden kajian adalah terdiri daripada 181 orang guru bimbingan dan kaunseling Sekolah Menengah di negeri Kelantan.Kajian rintis dijalankan ke atas 30 orang guru bimbingan dan kaunseling di daerah Tanah Merah.Secara spesifiknya, kaedah kuantitatif digunakan untuk tujuan pengumpulan data.Maklum balas melalui soal selidik telah diperolehi dan seterusnya data dianalisis menggunakan Perisian Program SPSS 20.0 yang mana melibatkan nilai Min, Sisishan Piawai, ujian t dan korelasi Pearson. Instrumen yang digunakan didalam kajian ini diambil dan diubahsuai dari soal selidik Tahap Persekitaran sekolah (SLEQ) oleh Johnson dan Steven (2007).Instrumen bagi mengukur efikasi guru bimbingan dan kaunseling pula menggunakan instrumen yang diambil daripada School Counselor Self Efficacy Scale (SCSE) yang diadaptasi daripada Bodenhorn & Skaggs(2005).Dapatan daripada ujian korelasi Pearson menunjukkan iklim sekolah mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan dengan efikasi guru bimbingan dan kaunseling.Dapatan kajian juga menunjukkan dimensi perhubungan pelajar mempunyai hubungan yang paling kuat berbanding dimensi lain dengan efikasi kendiri guru bimbingan dan kaunseling.Seterusnya dapatan kajian ini juga mendapati bahawa iklim sekolah merupakan peramal kepada efikasi guru bimbingan dan kaunseling di sekolah.Akhir sekali, implikasi kajian diperincikan agar ianya dapat memberikan sumbangan kepada bidang ilmiah penyelidikan pendidikan

A Comparative Study of Artificial Neural Network and Genetic Algorithm in Search Engine Optimization

Search engine optimization applies search principles in search engines to assign a higher ranking to the most suitable webpage.  Nowadays, information searching is done ubiquitously on the World Wide Web with the help of search engines. However, the process needs to be efficient and produces accurate results at the same time. In this research, the objectives are to implement and evaluate the Artificial Neural Network and Genetic Algorithms. The accuracy result for both algorithms is compared by implementing keyword ranking, Search Engine Result Page visibility and time retrieval for document-based and e-commerce websites. To achieve them, firstly the problem and data are defined. Next, two datasets are imported from Kaggle and transformed into a more useful format. Then, the Artificial Neural Network and Genetic Algorithms are implemented on these datasets in Python using Jupyter Notebook tools. Subsequently, the accuracy of keyword ranking, Search Engine Result Page visibility and time retrieval for these datasets are observed based on the output and graph displayed. Lastly, an analysis of the results is performed. Conclusively, the Genetic Algorithm demonstrates a higher percentage of accuracy results than Artificial Neural Network algorithm in keyword ranking and SERP visibility. However, the accuracy results of time retrieval are vice versa. The results in Genetic Algorithm shows 9.0%, 9.0% and 3.0% in e-commerce dataset for keyword ranking and 4.0%, 51.0% and 1.0% in document-based dataset for SERP visibility. Next, Artificial Neural Network algorithm shows result 8.0%, 7.0% and 7.0% in e-commerce dataset and 3.0%, 50.0% and 4.0% in document-based dataset for time retrieval. Therefore, the results validated the ability of the Genetic Algorithm as one of the most applied algorithms in the search engine optimization field

Desafíos de los consejeros escolares de Malasia en la descripción del trabajo, la satisfacción laboral y la competencia

School counselors play an important role in providing professional counseling services. In Malaysia, the role of school counselors correlates in filling the needs of developed countries by 2020 to develop a human capital with a strong identity and are noble, knowledgeable, and highly skilled. To perform these roles, school counselors need to constantly improve their knowledge, skills, and competencies to meet the demands and needs related to the wellbeing of students holistically. These include the students’ emotional, mental, and behavioral health, which in turn contribute to academic excellence. This study aimed to explore the challenges of Malaysian school counselors in their job descriptions, job satisfaction, and competency. This was a qualitative study that used semi-structured interviews conducted with five school counselors. The results provided valuable information about the practice of counseling in a school setting in Malaysia. Results showed that conflict existed within the job scope and role of school counselors, job satisfaction, and competency of school counselors. This study supported the notion that the counseling service in primary schools should be given attention by the responsible authorities in order to enhance the quality of the profession. The implication of the study was to improve the practice of counseling in primary school settings in Malaysia.Los consejeros escolares juegan un papel importante en la prestación de servicios de asesoramiento profesional. En Malasia, el papel de los consejeros escolares se correlaciona para satisfacer las necesidades de los países desarrollados en 2020 para desarrollar un capital humano con una fuerte identidad y que sean nobles, conocedores y altamente calificados. Para desempeñar estos roles, los consejeros escolares deben mejorar constantemente sus conocimientos, habilidades y competencias para satisfacer las demandas y necesidades relacionadas con el bienestar integral de los estudiantes. Estos incluyen la salud emocional, mental y conductual de los estudiantes, que a su vez contribuyen a la excelencia académica. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo explorar los desafíos de los consejeros escolares de Malasia en sus descripciones de trabajo, satisfacción laboral y competencia. Este fue un estudio cualitativo que utilizó entrevistas semiestructuradas realizadas con cinco consejeros escolares. Los resultados proporcionaron información valiosa sobre la práctica del asesoramiento en un entorno escolar en Malasia. Los resultados mostraron que existía un conflicto dentro del alcance del trabajo y el papel de los consejeros escolares, la satisfacción laboral y la competencia de los consejeros escolares. Este estudio apoyó la idea de que las autoridades responsables deberían prestar atención al servicio de asesoramiento en las escuelas primarias para mejorar la calidad de la profesión. La implicación del estudio fue mejorar la práctica del asesoramiento en entornos de escuelas primarias en Malasia

Prasangka Ummahat al-Mukminin terhadap Sayyidatuna Safiyyah binti Huyayy, ketabahan hatinya dan nasihat Rasulullah SAW

Konflik dalam perkahwinan terutamanya akibat amalan poligami sering menjadi suatu alasan bagi sesetengah pihak sama ada lelaki untuk tidak berlaku adil atau perempuan untuk menentang dan tidak berbaik-baik dengan madunya. Begitu juga dengan kes perkahwinan yang melibatkan keturunan, kaum atau budaya yang berbeza. Artikel ini cuba meneliti pandangan isteri-isteri Nabi SAW terhadap Ummul Mukminin Sayyidatuna Safiyyah binti Huyayy r.a., salah seorang daripada isteri Baginda SAW, respons, kesabaran dan ketabahan hatinya serta nasihat Rasulullah SAW kepada rasa cemburu dan syak wasangka para isterinya terhadap isterinya yang berketurunan Yahudi itu. Dapatan kajian berdasarkan analisis kepustakaan dan dokumentasi pensejarahan ini diharap menjadi panduan kepada masyarakat dalam menghadapi konflik alam perkahwinan dan dapat membantu secara khusus kepada mereka yang mengamalkan poligami dan juga kahwin campur

Iklim sekolah dan komitmen guru di Sekolah Agama Bantuan Kerajaan (SABK) negeri Kelantan

Program Pendaftaran Sekolah Agama Rakyat (SAR) dan Sekolah Agama Negeri (SAN) adalah satu usaha murni kerajaan untuk membantu dan memperkasakan sekolah-sekolah agama di Malaysia.Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tahap iklim sekolah dan komitmen guru Sekolah Agama Bantuan Kerajaan (SABK) di negeri Kelantan.Artikel ini penting kerana kedua-dua variabel terlibat adalah merupakan aset utama danterkandung dalam anjakan keempat PPPM 2013-2025. Sebanyak 9 buah sekolah telah dipilih secara rawak dari 3 daerah iaitu daerah Kota Bharu, Pasir Mas, dan Tanah Merah.Seramai 217 responden terlibat dalam menjawab soal selidik yang diedarkan, dari jumlah populasi seramai 497 orang. Penganalisaan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan beberapa kaedah analisis yang terdapat dalam program Statistical Package For The Social Sciences (SPSS).Instrumen yang digunakan dalam artikel ini adalah instrumen iklim sekolah, School level environment Questionnaire (SLEQ) yang dibina oleh Johnson, Steven & Zvoch (2007) manakala instrumen komitmen guru ini telah dibuat adaptasi oleh Lei Mee, Thien, Nordin dan Ramayah (2014). Dapatan artikel ini menunjukkan tahap komitmen dan iklim sekolah berada pada tahap yang tinggi serta terdapatnya hubungan yang kuat antara iklim sekolah dengan komitmen guru SABK di negeri Kelantan.Adalah diharapkan hasil artikel ini dapat digunakan sebagai rujukan khususnya kepada para pentadbir sekolah ke arah meningkatkan pencapaian, keberkesanan pentadbiran dan pengurusan sekolah. Kualiti pentadbiran dan pengurusan sekolah perlu sentiasa dikaji, diteliti dan ditingkatkan demi merealisasikan hasrat Kementerian Pendidikan untuk menjadikan sistem pendidikan di Malaysia bertaraf dunia

Visualization on colour based flow vector of thermal image for movement detection during interactive session

Recently thermal imaging is exploited in applications such as motion and face detection. It has drawn attention many researchers to build such technology to improve lifestyle. This work proposed a technique to detect and identify a motion in sequence images for the application in security monitoring system or outdoor surveillance. Conventional system might cause false information with the present of shadow. Thus, methods employed in this work are Canny edge detector method, Lucas Kanade and Horn Shunck algorithms, to overcome the major problem when using thresholding method, which is only intensity or pixel magnitude is considered instead of relationships between the pixels. The results obtained could be observed in flow vector parameter and the segmentation colour based image for the time frame from 1 to 10 seconds. The visualization of both the parameters clarified the movement and changes of pixel intensity between two frames by the supportive colour segmentation, either in smooth or rough motion. Thus, this technique may contribute to others application such as biometrics, military system, and surveillance machine

Effect of particle size and amount of nonmetallic PCB materials on the mechanical properties of rHDPE/PCB composites

Composites based on recycled high density polyethylene (rHDPE) and nonmetallic printed circuit board (PCB) waste were made through melt compounding and compression molding. In this study, the chemical compositions of the nonmetallic PCB material were determined via XRF and it was confirmed that it contains predominantly 72.7% of glass fiber materials which improve the mechanical performances of the rHDPE matrix. The main aim of this study is to determine the effect of different particle sizes and loadings of nonmetallic PCB on mechanical properties of rHDPE/PCB composite. The results indicated that mechanical properties of composites were excellent when nonmetallic materials with particle size from 0.09 to 0.15 mm and adding amount was 30 wt%. Microscopic images revealed that nonmetallic particles with the size of 0.07-0.09 mm and 0.09 -0.15 mm contained majority of single glass fibers whereas, bigger particle sizes of 0.15-0.3 mm and 0.3-0.5 mm, contained glass fibers in the form of bundles and large resin sheet

Integration of Muhasabah Concept and Scaling Question Technique in Counselling

This research discusses about the integration of muhasabah concept and scaling question technique. The integration is made based on the integrative model combining Western and Islamic approaches. For Islamic approach, the concept of muhasabah is explained. Muhasabah is one of the concepts introduced in Al-Ghazali’s Tazkiyyah Annafs approach. Muhasabah in this research is a process of self-evaluation that leads to client’s actions. Two opinions about muhasabah is reviewed in this research; which are the opinions of Ibnu Qayyim and Al-Ghazali. From the Western approach, the technique of scaling question is elaborated. Scaling question technique is one of the questioning techniques in Solution Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT). This technique explains about the importance of measuring method using numbers in the process of self-evaluation that leads to change. Next, the integration between muhasabah concept and scaling question technique are examined