Physiological and Parasitological Interactions: Investigating Host Responses to Parasitic Infections through Experimental Analysis: Integrasi Kecerdasan Buatan untuk Pemantauan dan Evaluasi Strategi Pengendalian Hayati di Lapangan

General Background Parasitic infections remain a major challenge in human and veterinary health due to their systemic physiological and immunological consequences. Specific Background Beyond tissue damage, parasites induce metabolic disturbances and immune modulation that influence disease progression. Knowledge Gap Integrated experimental evidence linking physiological alterations with immune cell activation and cytokine regulation remains limited. Aims This study aimed to investigate host physiological responses and immune dynamics during experimental Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium berghei infections. Results Infected hosts exhibited significant weight loss, fever, hypoglycemia, elevated CD4+ and CD8+ T cell activation, increased pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and concurrent upregulation of IL-10. Gene expression analysis confirmed significant modulation of IL-6 and IL-10. Novelty The study provides an integrated assessment of physiological parameters, immune activation, cytokine production, and gene expression within a single experimental framework. Implications These findings highlight the complex balance between immune activation and regulation during parasitic infections and support the need for therapeutic strategies targeting immune modulation to improve parasite control while limiting immunopathology. Keywords: Parasitic Infection, Host Physiology, Immune Response, Cytokine Regulation, Experimental Model Key Findings Highlights: Experimental infection induced marked metabolic and thermoregulatory alterations in hosts. Adaptive immune activation involved significant CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses. Concurrent pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling reflected immune regulation during infection

Implementing Job Safety Analysis to Analyze Hazard Risk Factors for Paper Core Workers

General Background: Occupational safety and health remain critical concerns in industrial manufacturing due to persistent exposure to physical, chemical, and ergonomic hazards. Specific Background: Paper core manufacturing involves high-speed machinery, heavy material handling, elevated temperatures, and continuous noise, which collectively pose risks for work-related diseases. Knowledge Gap: Despite routine production activities, systematic identification and prioritization of occupational health risks in paper core factories using structured analytical methods remain limited. Aims: This study aimed to identify and assess occupational safety and health hazards among paper core workers using the Job Safety Analysis approach. Results: The analysis identified noise and high temperature exposure as high-risk hazards, particularly associated with winding, cutting, trimming, and seamless processes, with hypertension emerging as a prominent occupational health risk among workers exposed for eight-hour shifts. Other hazards, including dust exposure, ergonomic strain, and chemical contact, were categorized as medium to low risk. Novelty: This study provides a comprehensive, process-based hazard mapping of paper core manufacturing activities using Job Safety Analysis, explicitly linking high-risk operational stages with hypertension risk classification. Implications: The findings support the need for structured risk assessments, environmental controls, ergonomic interventions, and continuous health monitoring to manage occupational health risks and support worker safety and productivity in paper core manufacturing facilities. Highlights: High-temperature and acoustic conditions were classified as dominant high-risk hazards across multiple production stages. Cardiovascular conditions were identified among workers subjected to prolonged industrial exposure. Structured hazard mapping enabled prioritization of preventive workplace controls. Keywords: Job Safety Analysis, Ergonomics, Health, Safet

Eradication of Human Trafficking Crimes in Myanmar: Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang di Myanmar

General Background Human trafficking constitutes a serious form of transnational organized crime that directly violates human rights and disproportionately targets vulnerable populations, particularly migrant workers. Specific Background In Southeast Asia, Myanmar—especially the Myawaddy region following the 2021 coup—has emerged as a hub for online scamming operations and forced labor exploitation involving Indonesian nationals. Knowledge Gap Despite extensive victim repatriation efforts, limitations remain in cross-border law enforcement due to the absence of bilateral extradition arrangements and ongoing political instability in Myanmar. Aims This study examines Indonesia’s juridical responses to trafficking cases involving Indonesian citizens in Myanmar by analyzing the fulfillment of legal elements under Law No. 21 of 2007 and the application of international criminal law principles. Results The findings demonstrate that the cases meet all constituent elements of trafficking, namely actus reus, means, and mens rea, enabling Indonesia to invoke active and passive nationality principles, supported by Mutual Legal Assistance, INTERPOL Red Notice mechanisms, and ASEAN cooperation frameworks. Novelty The study highlights the strategic reliance on regional and international legal instruments as substitutes for formal extradition in a conflict-affected jurisdiction. Implications Strengthening ASEAN commitments, advancing an ASEAN Extradition Treaty, and optimizing existing cooperative mechanisms are essential to reinforce cross-border accountability and protection of Indonesian victims of human trafficking. Highlights: Trafficking cases involving Indonesian citizens satisfied all statutory elements under national anti-trafficking law. Active and passive nationality principles provide a legal basis for prosecution and victim protection beyond territorial limits. Regional and international cooperation mechanisms function as critical alternatives amid absent bilateral extradition arrangements. Keywords: Human Trafficking, Myanmar, Bilateral Cooperatio

HbA1c Association With Transaminase Levels in Type 2 Diabetes: Hubungan HbA1c dengan Tingkat Transaminase pada Diabetes Tipe 2

General Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia and progressive multisystem complications, including hepatic involvement. Specific Background: Hemoglobin A1c represents long-term glycemic control, while serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase are widely used biomarkers of hepatocellular injury in clinical practice. Knowledge Gap: Despite routine use of these parameters, evidence describing their statistical relationship in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients remains limited, particularly in Indonesian clinical settings. Aims: This study aimed to analyze the correlation between HbA1c levels and SGOT and SGPT levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Results: A quantitative analytical cross-sectional design was applied to 30 patients aged over 45 years. Kendall’s tau-b analysis demonstrated a significant positive correlation between HbA1c and SGOT (p=0.000; r=0.557) and between HbA1c and SGPT (p=0.018; r=0.317), indicating moderate and low correlation strengths, respectively. Novelty: This study provides empirical evidence linking long-term glycemic control indicators with liver enzyme alterations among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in a hospital-based Indonesian population. Implications: The findings suggest that elevated HbA1c levels are associated with increased liver enzyme levels, supporting the integration of glycemic monitoring and liver function assessment in the comprehensive management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Highlights: Long-term glycemic status showed a statistically significant relationship with hepatic enzyme levels. The association strength differed between transaminase parameters, with a stronger pattern observed for AST. Elevated biochemical markers indicated potential hepatic involvement among older diabetic patients. Keywords : Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, HbA1c, SGOT, SGPT, Liver Functio

Islamic Education Management in the Formation of Children's Morals in Elementary Madrasahs: The Influence of Digital Media on Character Education

General Background Islamic education in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah holds a foundational role in cultivating children’s moral character and spiritual values from an early age. Specific Background The rapid expansion of digital media has reshaped students’ behaviors, learning patterns, and sources of moral reference, creating tensions between classroom-based Islamic character education and unregulated digital exposure. Knowledge Gap Existing studies rarely integrate Islamic education management, character formation, and digital media challenges within a single comprehensive framework at the elementary madrasah level. Aims This study aims to examine Islamic education management in relation to children’s moral formation amid digital disruption and to formulate an adaptive management model aligned with Islamic values. Results Using a qualitative literature review, the findings identify a misalignment between moral instruction in schools and students’ digital environments, contributing to ethical vulnerability. The study formulates a Digital-Era Adaptive Islamic Education Management Model consisting of five pillars: Islamic digital moral-literacy curriculum, teachers as ethical digital role models, innovative and controlled digital learning, holistic school–parent partnerships, and authentic character-based evaluation. Novelty The novelty lies in the integrative management model that systematically combines Islamic educational principles with digital-era character challenges. Implications The model provides a strategic managerial framework for Madrasah Ibtidaiyah to harmonize technological engagement with moral and spiritual reinforcement, supporting sustainable character formation in the digital era. Highlights: Managerial misalignment exists between school moral instruction and students’ digital experiences. Five integrated strategic pillars structure adaptive management for moral development. Collaborative roles of teachers, parents, and schools are central to sustaining children’s ethics. Keywords: Islamic Education Management, Digital Media, Character Educatio

Store Atmosphere Dominates Impulse Buying in Modern Retail: Suasana Toko Mempengaruhi Pembelian Impulsif dalam Ritel Modern

General Background Modern retail competition increasingly emphasizes in-store factors that shape consumer purchasing behavior, particularly unplanned purchases. Specific Background Within the Indonesian modern retail context, Miniso at Tunjungan Plaza Surabaya represents a physical retail setting where product quality, product display, and store atmosphere are deliberately managed to attract consumers. Knowledge Gap Prior studies frequently examine these variables separately or in different retail contexts, leaving limited integrated empirical evidence within a single modern retail model. Aims This study aims to analyze the relationships between product quality, product display, and store atmosphere with impulse buying among Miniso consumers at Tunjungan Plaza Surabaya, both partially and simultaneously. Results Using a quantitative associative design and multiple linear regression analysis of 100 respondents, the findings show that product quality, product display, and store atmosphere are all positively and significantly associated with impulse buying, with store atmosphere demonstrating the strongest contribution. Novelty The study offers an integrated examination of three key retail stimuli within one analytical model applied to a modern specialty retailer in a high-traffic shopping mall. Implications These findings suggest that coordinated management of product attributes, visual merchandising, and physical store environment is central to understanding impulse buying behavior in modern retail settings. Highlights: Physical retail environment shows the strongest statistical contribution to unplanned purchasing behavior. Visual merchandising and merchandise attributes jointly relate to spontaneous consumer decisions. An integrated retail stimulus model explains a substantial proportion of purchasing variability. Keywords: Product Quality, Display Product, Store Atmosphere, Impulse Buying, Ritel Moder

Synergy Between State Administrative Law And Criminal Law In Asn Discipline Enforcement: Sinergi Hukum Administrasi Negara Dan Hukum Pidana Dalam Penegakan Disiplin Asn

General Background: Discipline enforcement among State Civil Apparatus (ASN) constitutes a fundamental pillar of clean and accountable governance within a constitutional state framework. Specific Background: In practice, disciplinary violations by ASN frequently intersect with criminal law, particularly in cases involving abuse of authority, corruption, and misconduct that threaten public trust, creating risks of overlapping authority and sanctions. Knowledge Gap: Existing discussions often address administrative and criminal mechanisms separately, leaving uncertainty regarding their coordinated application in ASN discipline enforcement. Aims: This study examines the relationship between State Administrative Law and Criminal Law in enforcing ASN discipline through a normative juridical approach based on administrative governance regulations and Government Regulation Number 94 of 2021. Results: The findings demonstrate that the two legal regimes operate in a complementary manner, with administrative law functioning as a supervisory and corrective framework, while criminal law is applied when violations exceed administrative boundaries and cause public harm. Novelty: This research emphasizes the principle of ultimum remedium as the primary normative basis for determining sanction priority, positioning criminal sanctions as a last legal measure. Implications: The study provides structured guidance for civil service development authorities and law enforcement institutions to ensure proportional, coordinated, and legally certain handling of ASN disciplinary violations within an integrated governance system. Highlights • Administrative sanctions operate as the primary supervisory mechanism in ASN discipline handling• Criminal proceedings are reserved for violations exceeding administrative responsibility and public interest thresholds• The ultimum remedium principle structures sanction prioritization within a layered accountability system Keywords ASN Discipline; State Administrative Law; Criminal Law; Ultimum Remedium; Public Governanc

Green Synthesis of Polypogon monspeliensis–Based Silver Nanoparticles and Their Multifunctional Biomedical Potential

General Background: Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles has gained attention as a sustainable approach to produce bioactive nanomaterials for biomedical use. Specific Background: Polypogon monspeliensis contains diverse phytochemicals that can function as reducing and stabilizing agents in plant-mediated nanoparticle synthesis. Knowledge Gap: Its potential as a green bioresource for fabricating multifunctional silver nanoparticles remains insufficiently explored. Aims: This study aimed to synthesize, characterize, and evaluate the antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities of P. monspeliensis–derived silver nanoparticles (Pol-AgNPs). Results: Pol-AgNPs were successfully synthesized, exhibiting crystalline, quasi-spherical particles (≈51–69 nm) with notable dose-dependent antibacterial activity, strong DPPH radical scavenging capacity, and selective cytotoxicity against A549 lung cancer cells. Novelty: The work demonstrates the dual functional role of P. monspeliensis extract in nanoparticle synthesis and bioactivity. Implications: Pol-AgNPs represent promising eco-friendly nanomaterials for future biomedical applications.Keywords : Green Synthesis, Polypogon Monspeliensis, Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs), Antibacterial And Antioxidant Activity, Anticancer NanomaterialsHighlight : Plant extract reduced Ag+ yielding quasi-spherical, crystalline materials sized 51–69 nm. Dose-dependent antibacterial action strongest against Pseudomonas aeruginosa among tested pathogens. High radical scavenging and selective cytotoxicity toward A549 cells with limited normal fibroblast toxicity

Migrationُ s Developmental Role in Human Capital Formation: Evidence from (Morocco, India, and Jordan): Peran Migrasi dalam Pembentukan Modal Manusia: Bukti dari (Maroko, India, dan Yordania)

General Background: International migration has become a defining global phenomenon shaping economic and social structures in both sending and receiving countries. Specific Background: Migration is closely linked to human capital formation through remittances, knowledge transfer, and labor mobility, while simultaneously generating challenges related to skilled labor outflows. Knowledge Gap: Existing studies present divergent findings and lack comparative analysis across countries with different migration profiles. Aims: This study examines the developmental role of migration in human capital formation using comparative evidence from Morocco, India, and Jordan. Results: The findings reveal a dual relationship in which migration supports skill accumulation, educational financing, and professional networking, while also contributing to brain drain and sectoral skill shortages. Novelty: The article provides a cross-country analytical framework that highlights context-specific migration outcomes. Implications: The results underline the importance of integrated migration and development policies that leverage remittances, diaspora networks, and return migration to support sustainable human capital development. Keywords: International Migration, Human Capital, Remittances, Brain Drain, Development Key Findings Highlights: Migration generates both skill accumulation and skilled labor loss across countries Remittances serve as a strategic resource for education and economic stability National policy context determines developmental outcomes of migratio

Audit Findings, Follow-Up, and Financial Reporting Quality Fail to Reduce Corruption

General Background Corruption in public sector institutions remains a persistent governance challenge in Indonesia despite extensive external audit mechanisms. Specific Background The Supreme Audit Agency conducts audits of ministries and institutions, producing audit findings and follow-up recommendations intended to strengthen accountability and transparency through financial reporting. Knowledge Gap Prior empirical studies report inconsistent evidence on whether audit findings and follow-up actions are associated with corruption, particularly when financial reporting quality is positioned as a mediating mechanism. Aims This study examines the direct and indirect relationships between audit findings, follow-up on audit results, and corruption, with financial reporting quality as an intervening variable, within the framework of agency theory. Results Using panel data from 132 ministry and institutional observations during 2021–2023, the findings show that audit findings are negatively associated with financial reporting quality, while audit follow-up is positively associated with financial reporting quality. However, audit findings, audit follow-up, and financial reporting quality show no significant direct relationship with corruption, and financial reporting quality does not mediate these relationships. Novelty This study provides rare empirical evidence that financial reporting quality does not transmit the role of audit mechanisms into corruption control within Indonesian ministries and institutions. Implications The results indicate that audit processes and reporting improvements primarily function as administrative accountability tools and are insufficient as standalone instruments for addressing corruption in the public sector. Highlights: Audit observations are associated with lower standards of governmental financial statements. Recommendation completion is linked to improved compliance with accounting standards. Reporting mechanisms do not explain variations in misconduct cases across institutions. Keywords: Audit Findings, Follow-Up, Quality of Financial Statement