Barriers to HIV Testing in Côte d'Ivoire: The Role of Individual Characteristics and Testing Modalities

BACKGROUND: Expanding HIV testing requires a better understanding of barriers to its uptake. We investigated barriers to HIV testing in Côte d'Ivoire, taking into account test circumstances (client vs. provider-initiated). METHODS: We used data from the 2005 nationally representative Demographic and Health Survey conducted in Côte d'Ivoire. Socio-demographic characteristics, sexual behaviour and knowledge and attitudes toward HIV/AIDS associated with recent (<2 years) HIV testing were identified using gender-specific univariate and multivariate logistic regressions. Among women, differential effects of barriers to testing according to test circumstance (whether they have been offered for a prenatal test or not) were assessed through interaction tests. RESULTS: Recent HIV testing was reported by 6.1% of men and 9.5% of women (including 4.6% as part of antenatal care). Among men, having a low socioeconomic status, having a low HIV-related knowledge level and being employed [compared to those inactive: adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) 0.46; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.25-0.87] were associated with lower proportions of recent HIV testing. Among women without a prenatal HIV testing offer, living outside the capital (aOR 0.38; CI 0.19-0.77) and reporting a unique lifetime sexual partner constituted additional barriers to HIV testing. By contrast, among women recently offered to be tested in prenatal care, none of these variables was found to be associated with recent HIV testing. CONCLUSIONS: Various dimensions of individuals' characteristics constituted significant barriers to HIV testing in Côte d'Ivoire in 2005, with gender specificities. Such barriers are substantially reduced when testing was proposed in the framework of antenatal care. This suggests that provider-initiated testing strategies may help overcome individual barriers to HIV testing

Penerapan Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Investigasi Kelompok Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematika Siswa Pada Materi Persamaan Garis Lurus

Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK). Subjek penelitian, yaitu siswa kelas VIII-E SMP N 4 Malang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan langkah-langkah pembelajaran kooperatif tipe investigasi kelompok yang dapat meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa kelas VIII SMP N 4 Malang materi persamaan garis lurus. Langkah pembelajaran kooperatif tipe investigasi kelompok yang dapat meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa kelas VIII-E SMP N 4 Malang materi persamaan garis lurus meliputi: siswa berkelompok sesuai dengan kesamaan minat pada suatu topic bahasan, diskusi kelompok dengan pemberian tambahan nilai bagi kelompok yang paling aktif, presentasi hasil diskusi oleh dua wakil kelompok yang ditunjuk oleh kelompok lain, dan diskusi kelas dengan guru hanya sebagai pendamping. Pembelajaran kooperatif tipe investigasi kelompok ini dapat meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa yang meliputi aspek kemampuan menjalin kerja sama, kemampuan menuliskan permasalahan dalam bentuk yang mudah dipahami, dan kemampuan menggunakan pengetahuan dan pengalaman yang dimiliki. Meningkatnya kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa tersebut dapat diketahui dari peningkatan nilai tes siswa, yaitu sebesar 69,44% dari jumlah siswa dan peningkatan keaktifan siswa pada aspek: bekerja sama memecahkan masalah, memberikan pendapat apabila ada teman sekelompok yang belum mengerti, menyelesaikan perbedaan pendapat, dan berkomunikasi dengan teman dan guru selama proses pembelajaran di kelas. This research is a classroom research. Subject of this research is students VIII-E of SMP N 4 Malang. This research supposes to describe the steps of cooperative learning type group investigation that can increase the student's ability of problem solving of mathematics at class VIII-E of SMP N 4 Malang on the material linear equation. The steps obtained in this research include: students sit with their group according to their same interest in a topic, discussing in group, presenting their group discuss results, and class discussing. This cooperative learning type group investigation can increase the student's ability of problem solving of mathematics including the ability of making cooperative relation, making the problems be simplerer and be understood easily, and the ability of using knowledge and experiences. The increasing ability of problem solving can be known from upgrading their grade that is 69,44% from the number of students and the increasing of their activities in aspects: cooperative in problem solving, giving opinion if there are members of group do not understand the material, solving the difference opinions and communicating with other members and the teacher as long as the learning process

Sendi Adat dan Eksistensi Sastra; Pengaruh Islam dalam Nuansa Budaya Lokal Gorontalo

This articel aimed to describe a value of custom and an existence of unwrittenliterature which becomed a local tradition among Gorontalo society. This studyresearched custom phenomenon through historical fenomenologic and empiric approach. The result of this study showed that Gorontalo Ethnic was peoplewho applied custom based on kitâb Allâh as their rule life. So, Gorontalo's,culturally appreciated the tradition which were based on Islam forever and ever.Gorontalo's culture was influenced by Islam which could be seen through theway of their culturing and their literaturing. They based their culture, art, andliterature to Islam because they thought these were like praying to Allah. The Islamic values in the Gorontalo's culture and literature were coherence to their custom untill today

A Tablet Screen Cast Receiver for Classroom with Low End Android Devices

Salah satu aktivitas menggunakan tablet adalah presentasi. Saat ini, kebanyakan aktivitas presentasi dilakukan menggunakan adapter VGA untuk bisa tersambung dengan LCD Proyektor. Konfigurasi ini memungkin presentasi berbasis kabel. Dan ini adalah hal yang menyulitkan penggunaannya untuk perangkat tablet yang memiliki sifat mobilitas tinggi. Beruntung, sudah ada banyak vendor yang menyediakan sistem presentasi yang bersahabat dengan membuatnya menjadi nirkabel. Tapi sistem tersebut hanya mendukung perangkat tablet high end. Pada makalah ini, kami mengajukan sebuah penerima tablet screen cast untuk perangkat tablet android low end. Yang memiliki potensi untuk diimplementasikan di kelas. Dari eksperimen, kami memperoleh hasil 9 FPS dengan delay sebesar 2 detik

Perceptions About Hiv/aids and HIV Prevention Behaviors Among University Students in Indonesia

Background: Personal perception is one of factors that would affect health behavior of individual, including risky sexual behavior, which places university students at risk for HIV infection. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between perceptions about HIV/AIDS and HIV prevention behaviors including abstinence, be faithful, and condom use among university students in Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in this study. Data were collected from 296 undergraduate students using self-administered questionnaire, which consisted of AIDS health belief questionnaire (AHBQ) and HIV prevention behaviors questions. Chi-square tests were used for data analysis. Results: Roughly 36.8% of university students ever had sexual intercourse before married, 53.2% had multiple sexual partners, and 68.8% did not use a condom consistently. Perceived benefits from HIV prevention behaviors and perceived barriers to prevent HIV infection were significantly associated with abstinence (= 6.700, p&lt;.05 and = 7.471, p&lt;.05, respectively), and condom use (= 9.357, p&lt;.01 and = 14.63, p&lt;.01, respectively). However, perceived severity of HIV/AIDS, and perceived susceptibility to HIV/AIDS were not associated with abstinence, be faithful, and condom use. Conclusion: The findings suggest that HIV prevention campaigns should be designed appropriately to improve perceived benefits from HIV prevention behaviors and decrease perceived barriers to prevent HIV infection

REINTERPRETATION OF LIVELIHOODS IN MARRIAGE LAW AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON FAMILY RESISTANCE IN THE TIME AND POST COVID-19

The rules regarding a living in Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage and the Compilation of Islamic Law imposes the obligation to earn a living only on the husband. These two regulations create problems in society. Many wives demand a living from their husbands. Not a few wives also have jobs and income, but they are spent on their own needs, including for consumptive things, channeling hobbies and others because they think that fulfilling a living is not part of their obligations. This condition is coupled with the interpretation of a number of verses of the Qur'an and the traditions of the Prophet which are still patriarchal. The marriage law and a number of verses of the Qur'an and the Prophet's hadith need to be reinterpreted. This is because the development of an increasingly advanced era makes the role of women not only as wives who only take care of the household, but also as one of the contributors to the economy. This research uses the library research method. This study concludes that the livelihoods in these two laws and regulations need to be updated to be relevant to current conditions. Supposedly, the wife also has the same obligation in matters of livelihood. The reinterpretation of livelihood using the interpretation of mubadalah is to produce the principle of mutuality. The wife can even be the main breadwinner under certain conditions. This interpretation has implications for the fulfillment of the family's economy during the pandemic and post-covid-19 pandemic. Because, in difficult economic conditions, the wife participates in helping the family economy on a macro basis or even as the main provider in the household who changes places with her husband.Keywords: Reinterpretation, Livelihoods, Marriage Law, Family Resistance, Covid-19

Development of Green Pavement for Reducing Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) in the Ambient Air

The transportation sector is the biggest contributor to air pollution in Indonesia, especially in metropolitan cities. Gases such as oxides of nitrogen (NOx) are produced during the combustion of fossil fuels in the internal combustion of vehicle engines. Oxides of nitrogen such as nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are important air pollutants, because they cause significant harm to human health and play an important role in being precursors of other dangerous pollutants such as photochemical smog. One of the simple ways to reduce NOx concentrations is utilizing a catalytic process involving UV light and semiconductor particles such as TiO2. Illuminated TiO2 UV light is capable of producing an electron (e-) and hole (h-) pair, which initiates a chemical reaction that alters the NOx to become NO3- or NO2-. A field scale paving block reactor coated with TiO2 placed by the roadside was exposed to UV light using various exposure times. The results showed that the sample with a composition of 200 g/m2 TiO2 was capable of adsorbing NOx gas at an average rate of 0.0046 mg/m2/minute. Additional costs due to TiO2 coating for every square meter of paving are IDR 13,180

Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Kepuasan Konsumen Laundry Center Di Kelurahan Siranindi Kecamatan Palu Barat

Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah kualitas pelayanan berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan pelanggan laundry center di Kelurahan Siranindi Kecamatan Palu Barat. Metode yang digunakana pada penelitian ini ialahIIMetode penelitian kuantitatif merupakan salah satu jenis penelitian yang spesifikasinya adalahIsistematis, terencana dan terstrukturIIdengan jelas sejakIawal hinggaIpembuatan desainIpenelitiannya. Dan menggunakan pendekatan survey. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Hasil akhir 0,223&gt;0,05 maka H0 ditolak artinya Terdapat pengaruh antara kualitas pelayanan Laundry center terhadap kepuasan pelanggan. Karena nilai sig. 0,223 jauh lebih kecil&nbsp; dari 0,05 maka model linier dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi kualitas pelayanan terhadap kepuasan konsume

Pengembangan Modul Geografi Pariwisata dengan Project Based Learning untuk Materi Ekowisata Pesisir dan Laut di Program Studi S1 Pendidikan Geografi Universitas Negeri Malang

This research is aimed to develop tourism geography module with project based learning for coastal and marine ecotourism material on tourism geography courses in Geography Education Studies Program, State University of Malang. Module are developed using the steps Borg &amp; Gall 1983 simplified. Based on preliminary research results that consists of analysis of curriculum and requirements analysis indicates that tourism geography module with project based learning for coastal and marine ecotourism material need to be developed. The results of the validation expert stated that the module is very feasible to use in the learning process with a value of 86%. After trials small group and large group obtained the following facts: 1) required revision of language on aspects of typos, sentence structure, and punctuation. 2) understanding the test results show that students are able to understand the module, with the majority of the value of 85—100. 3) The results of the questionnaire responses the students concluded that the module is feasible to use in the learning process with a value of 78% in the small group trial and 80% in the big group trial.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan modul geografi pariwisata project based learning untuk materi ekowisata pesisir dan laut pada matakuliah Geografi Pariwisata Program Studi Pendidikan Geografi Universitas Negeri Malang. Pengembangan modul menggunakan langkah-langkah Borg &amp; Gall yang telah disederhanakan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian pendahuluan yang terdiri analisis kurikulum dan analisis kebutuhan menunjukkan bahwa modul geografi pariwisata project based learning untuk materi ekowisata pesisir dan laut perlu dikembangkan. Hasil validasi ahli menyatakan bahwa modul sangat layak digunakan untuk proses pembelajaran dengan nilai 86%. Setelah uji coba kelompok kecil dan besar diperoleh fakta sebagai berikut: 1) diperlukan revisi bahasa pada aspek kesalahan ketik, struktur kalimat, dan penggunaan tanda baca. 2) hasil tes pemahaman menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa mampu memahami modul, dengan nilai mayoritas 85—100. 3) Hasil angket tanggapan mahasiswa disimpulkan bahwa modul layak digunakan untuk proses pembelajaran dengan nilai 78% pada uji coba kelompok kecil dan 80% pada uji coba kelompok besar