Approach Tolerance in the Assemblies of Evolutionary Hybrid Prototypes

A new answer is proposed to replace the traditional “one shot” prototype (manufactured in one piece with one process): the hybrid rapid prototype. It is used to highly reduce time, cost and increase reactivity during the development times of new products. The part is decomposed in several components which can quickly be changed and can be manufactured with a process the most adapted. The main objective of the presented method is to propose an available technological assembly between the different components of the part in the respect of technological and topological function, and initial tolerance. Using a graph of representation, fuzzy logic and a tolerance point of view, some entities are associated with a CIA (Assembly Identity Card) in accordance with evolutionary and manufacturing analysis. This work will be illustrated by an industrial tooling for plastic injection.Mechanical Engineerin

Exploring Vacuum Casting Techniques for Micron and Submicron Features

A study of resolution limits in standard rapid prototyping vacuum cast molding processes and adaptation of this technique to reach submicron accuracy is proposed. Micro-fabrication technologies are used to fabricate micron and submicron high aspect-ratio patterns on the original parts. The molding of the original parts is optimized to allow replication of submicron features. In carefully exploring materials and surface treatments, cast parts are successfully replicated with submicron and high aspect ratio micron structures. These encouraging results enable the use of such processes for micro- and nano-systems applications and open the door to development and production of low cost, high resolution biochips.Mechanical Engineerin

Manufacturing complexity evaluation at the design stage for both machining and layered manufacturing

International audienceIn this paper, a methodology to estimate manufacturing complexity for both machining and layered manufacturing is proposed in order to realize tools (dies or molds) by a combination of a subtractive and an additive process. Manufacturability indexes are calculated at the tool design stage, these indexes provide an accurate view of which areas of the tool will advantageously be machined or manufactured by an additive process. In this case, tools are not seen as single pieces but as 3-D puzzles with modules, manufactured aside by the best process and further assembled

Le pratiche di search di nuove idee delle imprese italiane.

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Environmental Impact Assessment Studies in Additive Manufacturing

International audienceThis chapter focuses on the environmental studies in additive manufacturing. For a cleaner production, environmental impacts that occur during the manufacturing phase should be assessed with accuracy. First, the literature on all the studies led to the characterization of the environmental impact of additive manufacturing processes. The studies on electric energy consumption of these processes are analyzed here, and then some studies taking into account raw material and all the flows through the process are detailed. Secondly, a new methodology in order to evaluate, with accuracy, the environmental impact of a part from its CAD model is presented. In this methodology, the work is not focused only on electrical consumption but also on fluids and material consumption which also contribute to the environmental impact. In addition, the inputs of this methodology correspond to the set part process, which allows taking into account different manufacturing strategies and their influences on the global environmental impact. The methodology developed is based on both analytic models (validated by experiments) and experimental models. And finally, an industrial example shows that for some manufacturing strategies, the environmental impact due to electrical consumption is not the predominant one. In this case study, material consumption has an important impact and has to be taken into consideration for a complete environmental impact assessment

Environmental performance modeling for additive manufacturing processes

International audienceSustainability means considering economic, social and environmental aspects. In the mechanical product design field, sustainability means thinking about eco-design and life cycle analysis, when the whole life cycle of the product (from raw material extraction to end of life) is concerned with environmental impacts. Nowadays, most of the manufacturing methods are driven only by money, and the environmental and social aspects are not taken into account. The goal of this paper is to propose an environmental assessment methodology of the manufacturing processes. In this methodology, all flows consumed and produced (material, fluids, electricity) are considered. A predictive model of flow consumption is defined from the CAD model of the product and the manufacturing program. The aim is to be able to minimize the environmental impacts of the manufacturing during the design stage. In this paper, the focus is put on additive manufacturing

Territórios e lugares das artes visuais na Universidade

A pesquisa intitulada Espaço, Currículo, Territórios, Lugares, Fronteiras: questões sobre a “arquitetura” (MOGNOL, 2005) versa sobre o Curso de Licenciatura em Artes Visuais, buscando estabelecer analogia com uma visita à 26ª Bienal de São Paulo, a mais importante exposição de artes do Brasil, que reúne artistas do mundo todo, e que teve como tema em 2004 “Território Livre”. A pesquisa tem por objetivo refletir sobre os espaços físicos do Curso de Artes Visuais sob o aspecto de espaços de práticas e representações de culturas, de produções de conflitos que refletem no currículo a fragmentação entre teoria e prática. Assim, entende-se o espaço/escola como produto histórico construído pelas sociedades, cujas formas e aspectos de configuração físicos interferem e influenciam na visão que alunos(as), futuros professores de arte, desenvolvem sobre a realidade

Vacuum Casting to Manufacture a Plastic Biochip for Highly Parallel Cell Transfection

International audienceA novel polymer microarray fabrication technique is presented and applied to the realization of a biochip for highly parallelized cell transfection. The proposed microfabrication technique is derived from a macroscale rapid prototyping technique called vacuum casting. It was optimized to reduce production cost, in order to produce small series (100-10 000 chip series) of chips to meet demand in today's market of cellulomics. Microfabrication technologies and rapid prototyping technologies are combined to shape the master part, which can thus involve microsized features. The corresponding female structure is moulded in a flexible silicone material. The duplicated polymer chips are obtained by casting a thermosetting plastic under vacuum. The dimensional replication accuracy between the master part and the duplicated parts is uniform over the duplicated parts and better than 1%. Advantages of the proposed technique over existing plastic microfabrication techniques are discussed in the paper. Using this microfabrication technique, we produced a plastic biochip for highly parallelized transfection of arrays of living cells. The feasibility of parallel lipofection was demonstrated: two different plasmids encoding, respectively, eGFP and DsRED2 were inserted into HEK293T cells. The transfection was monitored through fluorescence observation after 72 h showing successful expression of both genes

Livro didático de matemática : um caminho trilhado desde sua concepção ao uso na Escola Municipal do Campo Contestado

Orientadora : Profª. Drª. Luciane Mulazani dos SantosDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Exatas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Matemática. Defesa: Curitiba, 16/02/2017Inclui referências : f. 98-100Área de concentração: MatematicaResumo: Neste trabalho são apresentados passos de uma pesquisa de Mestrado na tentativa de descrever um caminho trilhado por livros didáticos de Matemática destinados à Educação do Campo, desde sua concepção até o instante em que o professor faz seu uso numa sala de aula da Escola Municipal do Campo Contestado, na Lapa - PR. Inicialmente, apresenta-se o contexto histórico do Programa Nacional do Livro Didático do Campo, o PNLD Campo, e os editais de convocação para o processo de inscrição, avaliação, escolha e distribuição de obras didáticas. Descreve-se o processo editorial de desenvolvimento do livro didático pautado na experiência profissional do pesquisador e adotam-se os procedimentos de pesquisa da História Oral para entrevistar a diretora e a professora de Matemática da escola, com a intenção de levantar tópicos relevantes que fundamentam a escolha e concepção de uso do livro didático de Matemática, bem como mapear as características da realidade em que a escola está inserida. Palavras-chave: Livro didático de Matemática; Educação do Campo; História Oral, Educação Matemática.Abstract: This paper presents the steps taken in a research for the Master's degree thesis which describes a path followed by Math textbooks aimed at Field Education, since its conception to the moment when a teacher uses them in the classroom at Campo Contestado Municipal School, located in the city of Lapa, state of Paraná. Firstly, it is presented the historical background of the National Field Textbook Program (PNLD Field) and the call notice for registration, evaluation, choice and distribution of the textbooks. The editorial process of the development of the textbooks is described based on the researcher's professional experiences. The search procedures of Oral History were adopted to interview the principal and the Math teacher of the abovementioned school in order to gather important topics that base the choices and the conceptions of the use of Math textbooks, as well as to map some real situations which the school is taking part of. Keywords: Math textbook; Field Education; Oral History; Math Education

Modelo fluidodinámico de un regenerador de una unidad comercial de FCC

Se realizó un estudio fluidodinámico de la circulación de gas y catalizador en un regenerador de una unidad comercial de FCC (Cracking Catalítico) de una refinería de YPF. El software utilizado fue ANSYS FLUENT. Como es usual en la simulación de lechos fluidizados, se utilizaron modelos multifásicos de tipo Euler – Euler Granular, se consideraron interacciones entre partículas mediante la teoría cinética de flujo granular (KTGF), donde se tratan las fases como medios fluidos continuos e inter-penetrantes. Se consideraron propiedades físicas uniformes a lo largo del regenerador y una composición constante del gas. Como el catalizador pertenece al grupo de partículas Geldart A, existen efectos de interacción y formación de aglomeraciones o “clústeres” de catalizador, no contemplados en los modelos de arrastre default del software. Por esto se empleó una ley de arrastre que considera un coeficiente dependiente de la fracción volumétrica del gas y de determinados diámetros de clústeres. Previo a la elaboración del modelo del regenerador completo, se simularon geometrías bidimensionales sencillas a fin de seleccionar el modelo de arrastre que mejor represente la fluidodinámica del lecho. No se simuló la reacción química de combustión del carbón ni tampoco se tuvieron en cuenta efectos térmicos. Los resultados del modelo mostraron correctamente características del funcionamiento del equipo.Publicado en: Mecánica Computacional vol. XXXV, no. 4Facultad de Ingenierí