41 research outputs found
Validation of questions-based STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) for Elementary School Teacher Education
This study was to validate questions based STEM for elementary school education students, they are categorized as quantitative descriptive. The product of this research was aimed at class 2019 elementary school education students of Universitas PGRI Ronggolawe Tuban (UNIROW). The research time was started from April 2020 to July 2020. These products have not been tested extensively because they have been hampered by the Covid-19 pandemic. The questions based STEM developed were essay questions consisting of pretest questions, practice questions, and posttest questions. Each question shows one of the STEM ability profiles. The validation results show that all aspects of the assessment have very good criteria. The aspect that got the highest percentage score was the content suitability aspect with a score percentage of 84.38%. While the aspect that got the lowest score percentage was the graphic aspect with a score percentage of 82.14%. The language aspect got a score percentage of 82.50%
Central Coherence in Eating Disorders: A Synthesis of Studies Using the Rey Osterrieth Complex Figure Test
Background: Large variability in tests and differences in scoring systems used to study central coherence in eating disorders may lead to different interpretations, inconsistent findings and between study discrepancies. This study aimed to address inconsistencies by collating data from several studies from the same research group that used the Rey Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (Rey Figure) in order to produce norms to provide benchmark data for future studies. Method: Data was collated from 984 participants in total. Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, recovered Anorexia Nervosa, unaffected family members and healthy controls were compared using the Rey Figure. Results: Poor global processing was observed across all current eating disorder sub-groups and in unaffected relatives. There was no difference in performance between recovered AN and HC groups. Conclusions: This is the largest dataset reported in the literature and supports previous studies implicating poor global processing across eating disorders using the Rey Figure. It provides robust normative data useful for future studies
An Empirical Comparison of Consumer Innovation Adoption Models: Implications for Subsistence Marketplaces
So called “pro-poor” innovations may improve consumer wellbeing in subsistence marketplaces. However, there is little research that integrates the area with the vast literature on innovation adoption. Using a questionnaire where respondents were asked to provide their evaluations about a mobile banking innovation, this research fills this gap by providing empirical evidence of the applicability of existing innovation adoption models in subsistence marketplaces. The study was conducted in Bangladesh among a geographically dispersed sample. The data collected allowed an empirical comparison of models in a subsistence context. The research reveals the most useful models in this context to be the Value Based Adoption Model and the Consumer Acceptance of Technology model. In light of these findings and further examination of the model comparison results the research also shows that consumers in subsistence marketplaces are not just motivated by functionality and economic needs. If organizations cannot enhance the hedonic attributes of a pro-poor innovation, and reduce the internal/external constraints related to adoption of that pro-poor innovation, then adoption intention by consumers will be lower
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Global investments in pandemic preparedness and COVID-19: development assistance and domestic spending on health between 1990 and 2026
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted gaps in health surveillance systems, disease prevention, and treatment globally. Among the many factors that might have led to these gaps is the issue of the financing of national health systems, especially in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), as well as a robust global system for pandemic preparedness. We aimed to provide a comparative assessment of global health spending at the onset of the pandemic; characterise the amount of development assistance for pandemic preparedness and response disbursed in the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic; and examine expectations for future health spending and put into context the expected need for investment in pandemic preparedness.
Methods
In this analysis of global health spending between 1990 and 2021, and prediction from 2021 to 2026, we estimated four sources of health spending: development assistance for health (DAH), government spending, out-of-pocket spending, and prepaid private spending across 204 countries and territories. We used the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)'s Creditor Reporting System (CRS) and the WHO Global Health Expenditure Database (GHED) to estimate spending. We estimated development assistance for general health, COVID-19 response, and pandemic preparedness and response using a keyword search. Health spending estimates were combined with estimates of resources needed for pandemic prevention and preparedness to analyse future health spending patterns, relative to need.
Findings
In 2019, at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, US7·3 trillion (95% UI 7·2–7·4) in 2019; 293·7 times the 43·1 billion in development assistance was provided to maintain or improve health. The pandemic led to an unprecedented increase in development assistance targeted towards health; in 2020 and 2021, 37·8 billion was provided for the health-related COVID-19 response. Although the support for pandemic preparedness is 12·2% of the recommended target by the High-Level Independent Panel (HLIP), the support provided for the health-related COVID-19 response is 252·2% of the recommended target. Additionally, projected spending estimates suggest that between 2022 and 2026, governments in 17 (95% UI 11–21) of the 137 LMICs will observe an increase in national government health spending equivalent to an addition of 1% of GDP, as recommended by the HLIP.
Interpretation
There was an unprecedented scale-up in DAH in 2020 and 2021. We have a unique opportunity at this time to sustain funding for crucial global health functions, including pandemic preparedness. However, historical patterns of underfunding of pandemic preparedness suggest that deliberate effort must be made to ensure funding is maintained
Indagine preliminare sulla possibile presenza di sostanza amiloide (AA) in prodotti lattiero-caseari bovini
Le amiloidosi sono un gruppo di patologie caratterizzate dalla presenza di depositi extracellulari di sostanza amiloide non solubile sottoforma di fibrille a struttura di \u3b2-sheet, positive alla colorazione Rosso Congo. Le amiloidosi sono patologie trasmissibili per diverse vie, inclusa la via orale, come dimostrato nei roditori. Il processo di trasmissione ricalca quello delle proteine prioniche, ed \ue8 pertanto ipotizzabile una trasmissibilit\ue0 fra specie. L\u2019SAA \ue8 una proteina di fase acuta che aumenta la sua concentrazione nel siero e nel latte in corso di risposta sistemica all\u2019infiammazione. In analogia con quanto \ue8 stato descritto per le patologie prioniche, la presenza di mastiti nella ghiandola mammaria aumenta la possibilit\ue0 di trasmissione delle patologie conformazionali, creando un ambiente adatto alla destabilizzazione strutturale delle proteine con formazione di \u3b2-sheet. I processi di caseificazione possono inoltre favorire la precipitazione di fibrille. D\u2019altra parte la presenza di proteasi del caglio e/o batteriche potrebbe essere sufficiente ad idrolizzare le fibrille e neutralizzarne l\u2019attivit\ue0 patogena. Scopo di questo lavoro \ue8 valutare l\u2019eventuale resistenza delle fibrille alla caseificazione. Il modello sperimentale prevede di simulare la formazione di sostanza amiloide nel latte aggiungendo fibrille bovine purificate da milza di animali con amiloidosi. Le fibrille sono state purificate mediante cicli di ultracentrifugazione e quantificate utilizzando un kit ELISA. L\u2019effettiva presenza di SAA \ue8 stata verificata mediante western blotting. Fibrille di AA, in concentrazione equivalente a quella rilevata in corso di risposta sistemica all\u2019infiammazione, sono state aggiunte al latte crudo utilizzato per la caseificazione. In questa fase preliminare \ue8 stato messo a punto un protocollo di estrazione delle fibrille di AA da tessuto bovino ed \ue8 stata valutata la concentrazione di tali fibrille mediante ELISA comunemente utilizzato nel siero e nel latte. La fase successiva prevede l\u2019estrazione e l\u2019analisi delle proteine dal formaggio dopo una settimana di stagionatura al fine di determinare la persistenza delle fibrille
A relational perspective on women’s empowerment: Intimate partner violence and empowerment among women entrepreneurs in Vietnam
Meta-analysis of the Impact of Microcredit on Women’s Control over Household Decisions: Methodological Issues and Substantive Findings
Systematic reviews and meta-analysis have risen in popularity in international development to provide evidence on 'what works'. This paper reports the findings of a meta-analysis to assess the impact of microcredit on women's control over household spending to illustrate the challenges of conducting meta-analysis in the case of a diverse evidence base. We provide an assessment of methodological quality and present the findings of a meta-analysis. The results suggest that the effect sizes are small. Furthermore, the confidence that we can place in these findings is limited by the high level of heterogeneity within and between studies and the general reliance on non-experimental studies and statistical analyses which are not reported in sufficient detail to enable confident judgement as to their robustness