THE SCENARIO METHOD IN URBAN PLANNING

Abstract. Scenario planning techniques are increasingly gaining attention in the process of spatial and urban planning because of their usefulness in times of uncertainty and complexity. Scenario planning encourages strategic thinking and helps to overcome thinking limitations by creating multiple futures. In this way, it can help to shape the future according to the values ​​and desires of society. Although scenario planning has been used a lot in the business world, there are scarce examples of its application in the field of urban planning. One of the reasons for this is the huge variety of methods and tools with no general guidelines for the implementation of the appropriate procedure and techniques for constructing scenarios in urban planning. Although each exercise of scenario planning must be unique in its context and actors, the methodological approach may be similar. For this reason, the main goal of this paper is to systematize the known methods for scenario construction, emphasize the featured techniques and tools, and consider the possibility of applying scenario methods in the contemporary city planning.Key words: scenario, urban planning, future, uncertainty

In Silico Optimization of Femoral Fixator Position and Configuration by Parametric CAD Model

Structural analysis, based on the finite element method, and structural optimization, can help surgery planning or decrease the probability of fixator failure during bone healing. Structural optimization implies the creation of many finite element model instances, usually built using a computer-aided design (CAD) model of the bone-fixator assembly. The three most important features of such CAD models are: parameterization, robustness and bidirectional associativity with finite elements (FE) models. Their significance increases with the increase in the complexity of the modeled fixator. The aim of this study was to define an automated procedure for the configuration and placement of fixators used in the treatment of long bone fractures. Automated and robust positioning of the selfdynamisable internal fixator on the femur was achieved and sensitivity analysis of fixator stress on the change of major design parameters was performed. The application of the proposed methodology is considered to be beneficial in the preparation of CAD models for automated structural optimization procedures used in long bone fixation

MULTIPLE FACES OF PERSONALITY DOMAINS: REVALIDATING THE PROPOSED DOMAINS

Background: Despite relatively consistent findings regarding the number of personality pathology domains, differences in domain structure remain. Recently the proposed ICD-11 domains were partially validated in a sample of patients with major depression producing five domains: Detached, Anankastic, Negative Emotional, Antisocial and Borderline. The aim of our study was to attempt to cross-validate these findings in a sample of patients primarily diagnosed with personality disorder (PD). Subjects and methods: All subjects were assessed by Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-IV Axis II PD. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was applied on fifty seven DSM PD symptoms selected to represent the five proposed domains. Results: SCID II data were collected from a total of 223 subjects. The EFA extracted five factors. The first factor labeled as borderline-internalizing constituted of borderline together with avoidant and dependent items, the second, labeled as disinhibited/ borderline externalizing, incorporated narcissistic and histrionic items. The other three separate factors in our study labeled as antisocial, anankastic and detached, were less robust. Conclusions: In our study five personality pathology domains were partly replicated. The most robust findings support the existence of the two factors, borderline-internalizing and disinhibited/borderline externalizing. However, the EFA was performed on a relatively low prevalence symptoms distribution, particularly for antisocial and schizoid factors

COLLISION OF BUILT HERITAGE REVITALISATION PRINCIPLES AND “DESIGN FOR ALL”

Abstract Nine briefly examined examples of built heritage in this paper reveal various cases of collision of conservation principles with demands of barrier-free architecture. The importance of this issue has been raised in the light of increasing world-wide efforts to preserve cultural heritage buildings for future generations by revitalization and strong efforts, in particularly in the EU, to reach higher standards in inclusion of all social groups. Key words: built heritage, revitalization, accessibility

Inside out – do adverse childhood experiences predict nonsuicidal self-injury?

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is defined as behavior that is self-directed and deliberate, resulting in injury or potential injury to oneself without suicidal intent, although it consistently correlates with suicidality. Common forms of NSSI include cutting, burning, scratching, banging, hitting, biting etc. Meta-analysis showed that overall childhood maltreatment is associated with NSSI, especially in the case of childhood emotional neglect or emotional abuse. Highly lethal self-harm was associated with childhood physical peer victimization, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, and emotional neglect. The NSSI questionnaire designed for this study was based on several questionnaires such as Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory (DSHI), Inventory of Statements About Self-Injury (ISAS), Ottawa Self-Injury Inventory (OSI) and Self-Harm Behaviour Questionnaire (SHBQ). The NSSI used in this survey contains 12 items with joint binary (yes or no) and numeric (how many times) scales. On all items, respondents provided answers with respect to two time periods: before and after the age of 18 (laws in Serbia restrict rights of persons under the age of 18 and some of those are related to potentially risky behaviors such as rights regarding alcohol purchase). Overall, approximately 4% of respondents reported NSSI at least once in lifetime, out of which 3.6% reported NSSI at least once before the age of 18 and 1.8% at least once after the age of 18. Since this is a form of behaviour is typical for younger adolescents, as expected, the NSSI is more prevalent before the age of 18 (2 = 17.225, p < .01). The correlation between the frequency of NSSI before and after the age of 18 is r = 0.73 (p < .01), while the correlation between suicide attempts and NSSI was Φ = 0.25 (p < .01). When it comes to the prediction of NSSI that occurred after the age of 18, ACE scores were not significant predictors. However, regression analysis showed about 9% of the variance of the NSSI before the age of 18 can be related to ACEs. Specifically, three types of ACEs were significant predictors of NSSI: sexual abuse (β = 0.16, p < .01), incarceration of a family member (β = 0.11, p = 0.051) and abuse of father by the partner (β = 0.15, p = 0.012). Available data suggest that at least one part of the variance can be ascribed to the ACEs. Therefore, emphasis should be put on fostering coping strategies in adolescents that would lead to diminishing negative consequences of ACEs.Knjiga rezimea / XXV naučni skup Empirijska istraživanja u psihologiji 29–31. mart 2019

PERCEPTIONS ON SUPPORT, CHALLENGES AND NEEDS AMONG PARENTS OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISM: THE SERBIAN EXPERIENCE

Background: Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) significantly impact lives of affected individuals and their families. They confront daunting challenges and multiple demands in their daily life, when compared to parents of children with other disabilities or parents of typically developing children. Subjects and methods: Participants completed The Caregiver Needs Survey, the survey intended for parents or primary caregivers of children with a diagnosis of ASD. During the study, 231 parents were interviewed; 167 mothers and 64 fathers. Parents were recruited from the patient database comprised of families from the two largest cities in Serbia. All of them were contacted before the study, either via phone or at the child’s regular check-in visit. Results: Over 90 percent of the parents reported that additional support at schools, home, and improved relationships with service providers are necessary and important. The most important challenges related to care were child’s communication difficulties, social interaction difficulties, and problems with daily living skills. The significant predictors of lower overall satisfaction were parent’s higher education, having a first concern related to problems of the child’s interaction with others or playing alone, and parent frustration with accessing services in the past 12 months. Greater overall satisfaction, on the other hand, was related to having an in-school tutor training or assistance in managing child’s needs or implementing treatments, and having primary care doctor or pediatrician as a source of information on autism. Conclusions: Future efforts to develop ASD-related policies and services should also take the following into consideration: the low level of awareness among caregivers and health care providers about the early signs of autism; disparities in access to services; educational problems and significant levels of dissatisfaction with the overall care and stigma

PERCEPTIONS ON SUPPORT, CHALLENGES AND NEEDS AMONG PARENTS OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISM: THE SERBIAN EXPERIENCE

Background: Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) significantly impact lives of affected individuals and their families. They confront daunting challenges and multiple demands in their daily life, when compared to parents of children with other disabilities or parents of typically developing children. Subjects and methods: Participants completed The Caregiver Needs Survey, the survey intended for parents or primary caregivers of children with a diagnosis of ASD. During the study, 231 parents were interviewed; 167 mothers and 64 fathers. Parents were recruited from the patient database comprised of families from the two largest cities in Serbia. All of them were contacted before the study, either via phone or at the child’s regular check-in visit. Results: Over 90 percent of the parents reported that additional support at schools, home, and improved relationships with service providers are necessary and important. The most important challenges related to care were child’s communication difficulties, social interaction difficulties, and problems with daily living skills. The significant predictors of lower overall satisfaction were parent’s higher education, having a first concern related to problems of the child’s interaction with others or playing alone, and parent frustration with accessing services in the past 12 months. Greater overall satisfaction, on the other hand, was related to having an in-school tutor training or assistance in managing child’s needs or implementing treatments, and having primary care doctor or pediatrician as a source of information on autism. Conclusions: Future efforts to develop ASD-related policies and services should also take the following into consideration: the low level of awareness among caregivers and health care providers about the early signs of autism; disparities in access to services; educational problems and significant levels of dissatisfaction with the overall care and stigma