Argo (Greece)

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    Ex-prisoner Fitting into Working Environment: Imputs for Organizational Context

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    Although ex-prisoners face lower chances of obtaining and maintaining employment compared to many diversity groups (such as individuals with disabilities or ethnic and gender minorities), the movement to promote their re-entry into the workforce has emerged in the past two decades. Moreover, ex-prisoners contend with multiple disadvantages stemming from their past lives and experiences during their criminal careers. Most research has concentrated on preparing ex-prisoners for the labor market, while studies exploring the readiness of the organizational context for their re-entry are lacking. This work aims to examine the organizational diversity culture and climate related to the reintegration of ex-prisoners into the workplace, drawing on a literary review. Recommendations for diversity-related policies and practices concerning ex-prisoners, as well as broader societal implications, are discussed. The re-entry of ex-prisoners into the workforce extends beyond personal or group responsibility; it requires the engagement of the entire society

    What Stimulates Environmental Identity of Students with High Environmental Literacy -Teachers' Perspective

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    Environmental problems of Serbia are prominent and various: The European Environment Agency (2023) attributed 14800 of premature deaths to PM 2.5 particles solely, with an overall population of 1.7 million; only 14.8% of wastewater gets treated (NALED, 2023); and over 3000 unsanitary landfills. The environmental threats have inspired the authors of the present study to explore the key school practices that facilitate environmentally friendly behaviors of students. The study relies on two constructs, environmental literacy (EL) and environmental identity (EI), both incorporating pro-environmental behavior. EL is the goal of environmental education, and its paramount real-world measure is what people do regarding nature (Disinger & Roth, 1992). In the present study, EL operationalization relies on the framework developed for the purpose of national survey in the USA (Mc Beth et al., 2008), that has previously been piloted in Serbia (Marušić Jablanović et al., 2022). It distinguishes four components of EL with belonging subcomponents: (1) ecological knowledge, (2) environmental affect (verbal commitment, environmental sensitivity and environmental feelings), (3) actual commitment (pro-environmental behavior) and (4) cognitive skills (identification of environmental problems, analysis of the environmental problems and action planning). EI refers to an individual's sense of connection to the nonhuman natural environment and to the belief that environment is an important part of self; it is reflected in our nature-related values and behaviors. It is based on history, emotional attachment and likeness (Clayton, 2003). The EI can be more or less prominent, and the basic criterion to recognize it is simple feeling of care about the environment (Kals & Ittner, 2003). The authors perceive EL and EL as overlapping to a large degree, they both include sensitivity and care, sense of responsibility, pro-environmental values, sense of responsibility and participation. (Marušić Jablanović et al., under revie). This overlap of the constructs is embedded in the methodology of the project which generated the results we are presenting. Its first phase intended to measure EL of the 7th grade students of Serbia elementary schools (N=877, from 47 classes, each from different schools). The total EL score was 147.93, and the scores for knowledge were 37.85, 44.11 for affect, 25.97 for cognitive skills, 40.01 for behavior (Blagdanić et al., 2024). All the scores are moderate, but cognitive skills score remains under the scale average, while affect reaches the highest values of moderate specter (reference values according to Mc Beth et al, 2011). In the second phase of the project, the Ecological Identity is investigated further using qualitiative methodology. The part of the results will be presented in this paper. The data on the EI of the students attending classes with the highest EL were presented in a previous study (Marušić Jablanović et al., under review). While elaborating on their overall attitude towards nature students presented sensitivity for the qualities of nature, sense of concern and care for it and critical attitude towards the inappropriate behaviors of others. In a private context, students emphasize spending time with important others in the beautiful natural sites, contact with jeopardized nature and witnessing inappropriate behaviors of individuals as incentives for their highly positive attitude towards the environment. In the school context, students emphasize teachers as role models, the lectures presenting beauty of nature and the threats it faces, as well as activities in the school yard- collecting garbage and planting, and place based learning examples like walk with teachers near the lake and discussing its characteristics Methodology, Methods, Research Instruments or Sources Used Classes which participated at the aforementioned quantitative phase were ranked, in order to select the participants for phase two. In this phase, qualitative data were gathered using an open-ended questionnaire and group interviews with the students from the best participating schools. In that way, we were able to hear their voice on the experiences, role models and activities they recognize as the most influential for their overall attitude towards nature – the data were briefly described above. Besides investigating the students EI, we interviewed the teachers they have mentioned as the most influential for their overall attitude towards nature. The data obtained from the teachers of the best performing classes will be presented in this paper. The aim of the paper is to explore the segments of these teachers’ environmental identity, as well as practices they find stimulating for environmental identity of their students. Particularly, our goal was to present the teachers’ perceptions of the selected classes, their singularities, attitudes, affects toward nature and environmental sustainability. We also intended to describe teachers understanding of their own role regarding nature – if they perceived themselves as nature loving persons, and nature protectors. The data were collected from October 2023 till January 2024. In that period researchers had a chance to visit selected schools and conduct semi-structured in-depth interviews. The first selected school is situated in a small multicultural town in the north of Serbia, characterized by a developed agricultural sector, having environmental challenges, as other urban areas in the country. The second school is located in Southern Serbia, in a city center, with various environmental problems, such as air pollution and insufficient infrastructure for waste management. Six teachers participated in the interviews – two class teachers, two biology teachers, a teacher of technical education and a chemistry teacher. During data processing, a coding scheme has been developed by two independent groups of researchers. The process was deductive and inductive, based on our previous theoretical insights and empirical evidence. Conclusions, Expected Outcomes or Findings Teachers stressed the importance of different projects with intense activity and initiative of students, and opportunity to cooperate with colleagues from other schools and countries. They also stressed the importance of collaboration between the teachers of first cycle of elementary school (class teachers, class 1-4) and teachers of second cycle (subject teachers, class 5-8), and subject acknowledge the contribution of the work of class teachers. Regarding teaching methods in environmental education, teachers find that discussing various environmental problems prevailing in their surrounding ( air pollution, waste disposal…) and connecting teaching with everyday local and global environmental threats, bring success in developing the environmental identity of their students. Teachers are well informed on the local polluters, the activities of local environmental organizations, and they mention personal participation in the activities aiming to protect the environment. Nevertheless, teachers find that students from the classes with the highest EL were predisposed to learn on the environmental topics, which indicates that the family surrounding had been stimulating their EI. This is corroborated by the students’ descriptions of private life experiences

    Teachers’ practices in encouraging students’ reading motivation

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    Проучавање мотивације ученика за читање обухвата различите чиниоце и њихове односе са ангажовањем током читања и са разумевањем прочитаног. На млађем основношколском узрасту развој читалачких компетенција је веома интензиван, а проналажење ефикасних приступа у мотивисању ученика да читају представља изазов за наставнике. У овом раду испитивано је на који начин и којим поступцима учитељи подстичу мотивацију ученика за читање. Извршене су секундарне анализе података добијених путем Упитника за учитеље и Упитника за ученике у истраживању PIRLS 2021 у Србији, на узорку од 226 учитеља и 4037 ученика четвртог разреда основне школе. Поступци учитеља се односе на организовање различитих облика рада и подстицање разговора о прочитаном, разумевања и интерпретације прочитаног. Према добијеним резултатима, настава читања више је усмерена на фронтални и самостални рад ученика, а мање на групни рад. Учитељи најчешће подстичу ученике да дискутују и да продубе разумевање текста, да одговарају на питања и да препричавају прочитано. Мотивација за читање повезана је са ученичким опажањима поступака учитеља. Ученици који су више мотивисани изјављују да су им интересантни садржаји које им учитељи задају да читају. Резултати указују да је потребно примењивати различите облике рада у настави којима се подстичу читалачка интересовања, уживање у читању и веће ангажовање ученика. Тиме се омогућава развијање мотивације, читалачких навика и читалачких компетенција.The studying of students’ motivation for reading includes various factors and their relationships with engagement during reading and reading comprehension. At the primary school level (from 1st to 4th grade), the development of students’ reading competencies is very intensive and finding effective approaches to motivate students to read is a challenge for teachers. In this paper we investigated how teachers encourage students’ motivation to read. Secondary analyses of data obtained through the Teacher Questionnaire and the Student Questionnaire in the PIRLS 2021 study in Serbia on a sample of 226 teachers and 4037 students of the 4th grade of primary school were performed. The teachers’ practices are related to organizing different forms of work and encouraging discussion, understanding and interpretation of what has been read. According to the obtained results, the teaching of reading is more focused on the whole class and independent work of students and less on group work. Teachers most frequently encourage students to discuss and deepen their understanding of the text, to answer questions and retell what they read. Reading motivation is related to students’ perceptions of the teacher’s practices. More motivated students find the content that their teachers assign them to read interesting. The findings suggest that different forms of work should be used in classrooms to promote students’ reading interests, enjoyment and engagement. This allows the development of motivation, habits and competencies for reading.Зборник радова /Електронски извор: Међународни научни скуп Уметност васпитања и образовања у свету који се мења,1. јун 2024., Београ

    The Economics and Business elective: teachers’ perspectiv

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    Парадигма образовања, која је усмерена на развој кључних компетенција, утицала је на промене у националним курикулумима широм света, па и у Србији. У складу са овим образовним трендовима, школске 2020/21. године у гимназије je уведен изборни програм Економија и бизнис. Имајући у виду да свака образовна промена захтева праћење и процену, како би доносиоци одлука имали сазнања заснована на истраживачким подацима, у овом раду представљамо налазе квалитативне студије која је део ширег евалуационог миксметодског истраживања. Циљ је био да се дубље сагледају и разумеју мишљења и искуства наставника o одређеним карактеристикама овог изборног програма и његовој примени у настави трећег и четвртог разреда гимназија у Србији. Одржана су три групна полуструктурирана интервјуа са 19 наставника (55,6%) који су реализовали овај програм (6–8 учесника по групи). Примењена је квалитативна петофазна анализа дедуктивноиндуктивног карактера. Идентификоване су три теме у наративима наставника које се односе на искуство у реализацији изборног програма Економија и бизнис: 1) Садржај Програма доприноси квалитету образовања и живота младих; 2) Начин реализације Програма је динамичан, обухватан и пружа аутономију наставницима; 3) Изазови у припреми и реализацији Програма. Закључујемо да су садржаји изборног програма Економија и бизнис релевантни за образовање ученика гимназије из перспективе њихових наставника. Истраживачко-пројектни рад као дидактичко-методички избор пружио је, с једне стране, већу слободу и аутономију наставницима у организацији рада, а с друге стране, мотивисао је ученике да се у већој мери ангажују на часовима. Опажени изазови и тешкоће у реализацији програма углавном су организационе природе. Дате су препоруке за унапређивање датог програма.The education paradigm oriented towards key competence development has shaped national curricula across the world, including Serbia. In line with this trend, the academic year of 2020/21 saw the introduction of the Economics and Business elective into grammar schools. Considering that every educational change requires monitoring and evaluation to provide decision-makers with information based on research data, this paper presents the findings of a qualitative study conducted as part of a larger mixed-methods evaluative research project. The study aimed to provide a deeper insight into teachers’ opinions and experiences regarding certain characteristics of this elective program and its implementation in the third and fourth grades of grammar school in Serbia. It encompassed three semi-structured group interviews involving 19 teachers (55.6%) who taught this elective (six to eight respondents per group). A five-phase inductive-deductive qualitative analysis was conducted. Based on teachers’ narratives, three themes were identified pertaining to experience with implementing the Economics and Business elective: 1) Program Content Contributes to the Youth’s Quality of Life and Education; 2) Program Implementation is Dynamic, Comprehensive, and Supportive of Teacher Autonomy; 3) Challenges in Program Preparation and Implementation. Teachers recognized the contents encompassed by the Economics and Business elective as relevant to grammar school students’ education. Inquiry- and project-based learning constituted a didactic-methodical solution that afforded teachers greater organizational freedom and autonomy while simultaneously motivating students to be more engaged in class. The observed challenges and difficulties in implementing the program were mostly organizational. The paper features recommendations for further program improvement

    Test of self-conscious affect for adolescents (TOSCA-A) in Serbian: psychometric properties in three age groups

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    Tests of Self-Conscious Affect (TOSCAs) are a group of scenario-based dispositional scales frequently used to measure individual differences in shame and guilt. The main aim of the present research was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Serbian version of TOSCA for adolescents (TOSCA-A) and to further explore the validity of guilt and shame measures. TOSCA-A was evaluated in three samples: 114 primary school students, 256 high-school students, and 365 college students. Several models were tested, but two-factor oblique solution had the best fit in all three groups. However, both shame and guilt demonstrated high internal consistency. Convergent validity of shame-proneness was also demonstrated by moderate correlations with self-esteem, perceived stress, and different affects. Results related to the measure of guilt were less consistent across age groups. Finally, we showed that guilt is a reliable measure of someone's motivation to make amends or apologize and someone’s feelings of remorse and regret - rather than feeling of guilt

    ANALYSIS OF (MAL)ADAPTIVE FORMS OF YOUTH IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT USING THE AGONISTIC SELF MODEL

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    Today, the most influential in identity research is the two-cycle model, as an elaboration of Erikson’s initial model that includes the processes of exploration and commitment. The identified dimensions were used to derive more or less adaptive identity statuses. The goal of our research was to examine similarities and differences in the processes of identity construction between those who belong to adaptive and maladaptive statuses. In order to achieve this, we used the Model of Agonistic Self, according to which the sense of self is understood as the result of an order of voices, some of which represent important ideological stances and personal values, while some have the function of evaluators. Some ideologues are dominant, while others are suppressed as voices of resistance. Based on the application of the Dimensions of Identity Development Scale on a sample of 823 high school and college students (Mage = 18.34), those who achieved extreme values on at least three dimensions were selected for participation in the qualitative study (N = 13). We applied a deductive analysis to the data collected by the Interview for the Agonistic Self using a theoretical model of the agonistic self. Then we created individual reports based on it. A second interview was conducted, aimed at ensuring participant validation and supplementing individual reports. Finally, a cross-case analysis was conducted to observe the similarities and differences in the dynamics of the agonistic self of the participants. We found that in the majority of participants with adaptive forms of identity development, there is a stable dominance of the main ideologue and his coalition of voices. In some of them, there are many conflicts between powerful ideologues, and the main ideologist often respects opposing perspectives. In others, there is no conflict, while numerous opponents are permanently suppressed. In most of those with maladaptive profiles, there is a dominance of undermining evaluators and a conflict between evaluators and ideologues over influence on the main ideologue. Successful identity development requires the predominance of beliefs and values on which life goals are based over self-criticism and self-evaluation. The existence of a “non-democratic” adaptive profile suggests that a diversity of values and a democratic relationship between them are desirable, but do not appear to be necessary for a healthy sense of self.Knjiga rezimea: XXXI međunarodni naučni skup Empirijska istraživanja u psihologiji 28–30. mart 202

    SEGREGIRANO POSEBNO IZOBRAŽEVANJE SLEPIH IN SLABOVIDNIH OTROK V SOCIALISTIČNI SRBIJI – IZOLACIJA IN/ALI PRIPRAVA NA ŽIVLJENJE IN DELO?

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    The article explores certain aspects of the development of special education for visually impaired children and youth in socialist Serbia. The crucial question is whether the development of segregated special education was characterised by isolating such children and youth or whether it served as a means of preparing them for independent life and work. The research is based on oral history and personal testimonies from users of segregated primary and secondary educational institutions for students with visual impairments in Serbia during the socialist era. The article primarily focuses on individual life stories and perspectives, presenting one of the approaches to analysing this complex issue. Furthermore, drawing on one of the testimonies, the paper provides an opportunity to identify and highlight both similarities and differences across the individual republics of socialist Yugoslavia, albeit exploratively and broadly.V prispevku analiziramo izobraževalne prakse in medosebne odnose v osnovnošolskih in srednješolskih izobraževalnih ustanovah za slepe in slabovidne otroke v socialistični Srbiji. Analiza je temeljila na interdisciplinarnem zgodovinskem in sociološkem pristopu, pri čemer so bili uporabljeni sekundarni in arhivski viri in literatura ter neposredna osebna pričevanja in spomini. Ta pristop omogoča podrobnejši vpogled v zgodovinske dogodke in procese. Čeprav se je izobraževalni sistem v socialističnih republikah zelo razvil, so bile razlike med posameznimi regijami še vedno precej velike. Zakonodaja je vsem otrokom zagotovila dostop do kakovostnega izobraževanja, vključno z zakonodajnimi pobudami za otroke s posebnimi potrebami. Kljub precejšnjim emancipacijskim in naprednim revolucionarnim socialističnim spodbudam se je posebno izobraževanje razvijalo počasneje od splošnega izobraževalnega sistema. Za posebni izobraževalni program je bilo značilno predvsem, da je uveljavljal segregacijo izobraževanja in socializacije. Segregirane internatske šole so poskrbele za vse potrebe invalidnih učencev ob upoštevanju dejstva, da so na izobraževalno politiko poleg finančnih okoliščin vplivali tudi kulturne vrednote, predsodki in stereotipi. Poleg tega so v prispevku predstavljeni učni načrti, obšolske dejavnosti, strokovno usposabljanje ter medosebni odnosi med učenci ter med učitelji in učenci, ki temeljijo na raziskovanju individualnih izkušenj in spominov. Analizirali smo, kako so bile organizirane segregirane izobraževalne ustanove za slepe in slabovidne učence z osebnega vidika ter kako se je slednji razlikoval od teoretičnih in političnih premislekov. Sistem posebnega izobraževanja v Srbiji je vplival na socializacijo in integracijo slepih in slabovidnih učencev. Poudarjeno je bilo predvsem srednješolsko izobraževanje in poklicno usposabljanje, saj sta bila v skladu s prevladujočo socialistično ideologijo delo in zaposlitev pomembna za materialno in socialno neodvisnost slepih in slabovidnih. Vendar pa sta struktura in organizacija posebnega izobraževanja negativno vplivali na socialno in izobraževalno politiko. Koncept srednješolskega izobraževanja slepih in slabovidnih učencev se je skozi desetletja spreminjal, vendar jih ni uspel ustrezno pripraviti na vključitev na trg dela zaradi številnih ovir, ki so presegale izobraževalno politiko in so bile posledica dolgotrajnih zgodovinskih procesov in struktur

    Attitudes of german language teachers towards lgbtiq+ individuals and the inclusion of queer content in primary and secondary schools – a pilot study

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    У раду се разматра значај и улога тематизације квир проблематике у настави немачког као страног језика у основним и средњим школама у Србији. Спроведено је квантитативно емпиријско истраживање са наставницима/ама немачког језика у Србији како би се испитали њихови ставови према ЛГБТИК+ популацији и њихова (не)спремност да прихвате тематизацију квир проблематике на часовима немачког језика. За потребе истраживања коришћена је преведена анкета из студије коју су реализовали Кипер и сарадници (2017). Премда је анкетирано 115 наставника/ца, узети су у обзир подаци само оних наставника/ца, који су анкету попунили у целости (n=68). Резултати статистичке анализе показали су да већина наставника/ца има релативно неутралан став према ЛГБТИК+ популацији и да ставови о укључивању квир садржаја варирају у зависности од брачног статуса и старости испитаника/ца. Квалитативном анализом одговора издвојени су аргументи за реализовање и против реализовања родно сензитивне наставе. С тим у вези су актуелност теме, заштита од насиља и дискриминације, као и развој емпатије. У контрааргументе се убрајају образложења попут: недовољна подршка наставном кадру, могуће негативне реакције родитеља и идеолошка неслагања.This paper examines the significance and role of thematizing queer issues in teaching German as a foreign language in primary and secondary schools in Serbia. A quantitative empirical study was conducted with German language teachers in Serbia to explore their attitudes towards the LGBTIQ+ population and their (un)willingness to incorporate queer topics into German language lessons. For the purposes of the research, a translated survey from the study by Küpper et al. (2017) was used. Out of 115 surveyed teachers, data were considered only from those who fully completed the survey (n=68). The results of the statistical data analysis revealed that most teachers hold relatively neutral attitudes toward the LGBTIQ+ population, and their views on including queer content vary depending on the marital status and age of the respondents. A qualitative analysis of the responses highlighted arguments both for and against implementing gender-sensitive teaching. Arguments in favor include the relevance of the topic, protection against violence and discrimination, and the development of empathy. Counterarguments include insufficient support for teaching staff, potential negative reactions from parents, and ideological disagreements

    Zadovoljstvo poslom učitelja u Srbiji: podaci iz istraživanja TIMSS 2023

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    Задовољство послом значајно утиче на мотивацију и спремност наставника да се ангажују у раду са ученицима, па је испитивање ове варијабле, као важног услова квалитета наставе, део бројних међународних истраживачких студија, међу којима је и истраживање TIMSS. Циљ наше анализе је да испитамо задовољство послом учитеља у Србији, као и које димензије овог феномена учитељи истичу у својим одговорима. Додатно је испитано како се задовољство послом мењало кроз последња три циклуса истраживања TIMSS. У студији TIMSS 2023 у упитнику за учитеље четворостепена скала, која мери њихово задовољство послом, састоји се од шест тврдњи које осликавају различите димензије ове варијабле. Узорак чине одговори учитеља повезаних са идентификационим подацима за ученике (NTIMSS 2015=4036; NTIMSS 2019=4380; NTIMSS 2023=4349). Коришћена је дескриптивна, параметријска (АNOVA) и непараметријска статистика (хи-квадрат), као и корелационе анализе. Имајући у виду граничне вредности скале која мери задовољство послом у истраживању TIMSS 2023, може се закључити да су учитељи из Србије донекле задовољни својим послом (M=10,5; SD=1,8). Највећи проценат ученика има учитеље који наглашавају да је њихов посао значајан и да има сврху (79,5%), те да осећају понос због посла који обављају (70%). С друге стране, статистички значајно мањи проценат ученика има учитеље који истичу осећај одушевљења (51%) и надахнутости послом који обављају (53%), који осећају задовољство својом професијом (60%) и који уживају у изазовима подучавања (67%). Као што је то био случај и у истраживању TIMSS из 2019. године (M=10,5; SD=1,5), и у овом циклусу приметан је тренд опадања задовољства послом учитеља у Србији, у поређењу са подацима из 2015. године (M=10,6; SD=1,8). Задовољство послом је значајно повезано са академском усмереношћу свих актера (r=0.42), као и са осећајем да је школа сигурно и уређено место (r=0.41). Добијени подаци указују на потребу да се преиспитају услови у којима учитељи раде, као и подстицаји и подршка које добијају у оквиру школе и образовног система. При томе би требало имати у виду механизме подељеног вођства, које карактеришу заједнички циљеви, јасно дефинисане улоге, подељена одговорност и осећај колективне ефикасности.Zadovoljstvo poslom značajno utiče na motivaciju i spremnost nastavnika da se angažuju u radu sa učenicima, pa je ispitivanje ove varijable, kao važnog uslova kvaliteta nastave, deo brojnih međunarodnih istraživačkih studija, među kojima je i istraživanje TIMSS. Cilj naše analize je da ispitamo zadovoljstvo poslom učitelja u Srbiji, kao i koje dimenzije ovog fenomena učitelji ističu u svojim odgovorima. Dodatno je ispitano kako se zadovoljstvo poslom menjalo kroz poslednja tri ciklusa istraživanja TIMSS. U studiji TIMSS 2023 u upitniku za učitelje četvorostepena skala, koja meri njihovo zadovoljstvo poslom, sastoji se od šest tvrdnji koje oslikavaju različite dimenzije ove varijable. Uzorak čine odgovori učitelja povezanih sa identifikacionim podacima za učenike (NTIMSS 2015=4036; NTIMSS 2019=4380; NTIMSS 2023=4349). Korišćena je deskriptivna, parametrijska (ANOVA) i neparametrijska statistika (hi-kvadrat), kao i korelacione analize. Imajući u vidu granične vrednosti skale koja meri zadovoljstvo poslom u istraživanju TIMSS 2023, može se zaključiti da su učitelji iz Srbije donekle zadovoljni svojim poslom (M=10,5; SD=1,8). Najveći procenat učenika ima učitelje koji naglašavaju da je njihov posao značajan i da ima svrhu (79,5%), te da osećaju ponos zbog posla koji obavljaju (70%). S druge strane, statistički značajno manji procenat učenika ima učitelje koji ističu osećaj oduševljenja (51%) i nadahnutosti poslom koji obavljaju (53%), koji osećaju zadovoljstvo svojom profesijom (60%) i koji uživaju u izazovima podučavanja (67%). Kao što je to bio slučaj i u istraživanju TIMSS iz 2019. godine (M=10,5; SD=1,5), i u ovom ciklusu primetan je trend opadanja zadovoljstva poslom učitelja u Srbiji, u poređenju sa podacima iz 2015. godine (M=10,6; SD=1,8). Zadovoljstvo poslom je značajno povezano sa akademskom usmerenošću svih aktera (r=0.42), kao i sa osećajem da je škola sigurno i uređeno mesto (r=0.41). Dobijeni podaci ukazuju na potrebu da se preispitaju uslovi u kojima učitelji rade, kao i podsticaji i podrška koje dobijaju u okviru škole i obrazovnog sistema. Pri tome bi trebalo imati u vidu mehanizme podeljenog vođstva, koje karakterišu zajednički ciljevi, jasno definisane uloge, podeljena odgovornost i osećaj kolektivne efikasnosti.TIMSS 2023: резултати и импликације : књига резимеа / 32. Научна конференција “Педагошка истраживања и школска пракса

    TIMSS 2023: РЕЗУЛТАТИ И ИМПЛИКАЦИЈЕ

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    XXXII НAУЧНA КOНФEРEНЦИJA „ПEДAГOШКA ИСTРAЖИВAЊA И ШКOЛСКA ПРAКСA“ TIMSS 2023: РЕЗУЛТАТИ И ИМПЛИКАЦИЈЕ ЗБОРНИК РЕЗИМЕ

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