STUDY OF THE INCLUSION BEHAVIOUR OF Î’-CYCLODEXTRIN WITH ZIPRASIDONE AND ITS PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATION

The inclusion complex of the slight water solubility ziprasidone (ZIP) with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was investigated by spectrofluorimetry. Influence of pH and β-CD concentration on the fluorescence spectra was reported. The obtained results exhibited that the ZIP was encapsulated in β-CD cavity to form a 1:1 stoichiometry host-guest complex. The inclusion constant was confirmed by Benesi-Hildebrand method. The inclusion complex formation was also confirmed by scanning electron microscopy SEM. Based on the remarkable enhancement of the fluorescence intensity of ZIP in the presence of β-CD a new spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of ZIP was developed. In order to obtain the maximum fluorescence several experimental conditions were optimized. The linear range was 0.5-100 ng mL-1and correlation coefficient was 0.9992. The detection limit was 0.2 ng mL-1. The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of ZIP in pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms with the satisfactory results

The impact of simplified inference methods on the results of research on the sense of security

The article highlighted the doubts and limitations of the traditional way of conducting surveys on fear of crime by political scientists and criminologists. Therefore, it was proposed to introduce the concept of bounded rationality to check the adequacy of these studies, and the experiment was conducted to demonstrate the impact of the framing effect and a simplified inference method, the availability heuristic on the formulation of answers in classic survey questions concerning fear of crime. The article discussed the results of the author’s own research and made suggestions for further possible research on heuristics and fear of crime, and indicated the implications of the results for the crime fear survey practice

Investigation and integration of spatial analyses in benthic habitat mapping with application to nearshore Arctic environments

The field of benthic habitat mapping has entered an era of automated statistical methods that have increased the capacity to produce maps as marine management tools. Spurred by a confluence of advances in acoustic remote sensing, open-source statistical tools, GIS, and computing power, these methods facilitate quick and objective mapping of habitats and physical seabed characteristics. Their performance and accessibility have led to widespread uptake, yet key spatial issues associated with these methods have not fully translated into the benthic habitat mapping workflow. Towards establishing “best practices”, this thesis explores the application of several spatial concepts to benthic habitat mapping using three Canadian Arctic case studies. Relationships between seabed morphology and benthic habitats are well-established. Though recognized as a critical element in the field of geomorphometry, the scale dependence of these relationships is commonly neglected in habitat mapping. Chapter 2 provides evidence of the scale dependence of benthic terrain variables and demonstrates methods for testing and selecting from among many variables and scales for modelling the distribution of sediment grain size near Qikiqtarjuaq, Nunavut. Given challenges associated with marine data collection that are pronounced in the Arctic, benthic habitat maps commonly utilize multi-year and multisource datasets. Despite apparent advantages, there can be substantial challenges associated with the compatibility and spatial properties of such data. Chapter 3 demonstrates that spatially autocorrelated samples are likely to inflate estimates of predictive performance and uses a spatial resampling strategy to estimate and correct for inflation in a multi-model Arctic clam habitat map near Qikiqtarjuaq, Nunavut. Classified seabed maps are a common requirement for marine management and one of two broad approaches are often selected to produce them. Chapter 4 examines differences between classification and continuous modelling approaches in a spatial context to produce classified seabed sediment maps for inner Frobisher Bay, Nunavut. Non-spatial methods failed to indicate whether models could extrapolate to unsampled areas, which was a requirement for this study. When evaluated in a spatial context, the qualities of the classification approach made it more suitable, which was a function of ground-truth dataset characteristics and the predictive goals of the model. Non-spatial techniques may be appropriate for interpolation, but the ability to extrapolate needs to be examined in a spatial context

Implementation of the concept of “Nonviolent Communication” as an example of alternative education

Publikacja recenzowana / Peer-reviewed publicationAbility to establish good relationships with peers is very important for the proper development of children. It seems important, to help them to identify and express emotions and needs, and support them in learning constructive behavior in diffi cult social situations. The way to achieve these objectives is to use Nonviolent Communication developed by Marshall Rosenberg. The article describes the work of Non-Public Kindergarten “Dwarf”, which uses NVC in their daily. It also attempts to justify why this way of working can positively influence the social and emotional development of children

The Monitoring of the Livestock Product Market for the Formation of Food Security

Introduction. The imbalance of the livestock product market due to significant challenges, such as large-scale military actions, reduced purchasing power, and changes in citizens' diets, presents other threats to food security. The influx of threats leads not only to a significant differentiation in the balance of demand and supply for meat and meat products by regions and strata of the population but also to a significant dynamism of the entire livestock market. This determines the need for changes in the methodology for monitoring and evaluating dynamic changes in the parameters affecting the production and consumption of livestock products. Aim and tasks. This study aims to establish the peculiarities of monitoring the livestock market under significant dynamic changes in the main parameters affecting production and consumption volumes. The objectives of this study were to establish integral trends in the production of the main types of livestock products and to develop a mathematical model for evaluating the balance of production and consumption of livestock products. Results. A break in the trend of stability of the pig and poultry population in 2021 and the continuation of the long-term trend of reduction in the cattle population was established, as evidenced by changes in the number of animals from 2023 to 2021: for cattle, by 20%; for pigs, by 16%; and for poultry, by 11%. This indicates that significant short-term fluctuations in influencing factors cause the production and consumption forecasts to be irrelevant. The influence of threats determines the deformation of markets for the production and consumption of livestock. This necessitates assessing dynamic changes in parameters affecting the volume of production and consumption of livestock products and the prompt formation of forecasts. Conclusions. The developed mathematical model for assessing the balance of production and consumption of livestock products allows for considering dynamic changes in the main parameters of influence, which ensures the relevance of forecasts. This will enable prompt implementation of measures to regulate food security

High Temperature Oxidized SnO 2

Undoped and Sb-doped tin oxide films were prepared by d.c. reactive ion sputtering in an argon atmosphere with oxygen partial pressures ranging from 0 to 50%. The films were anneled in oxygen in the temperature range 360 - 893℃. The effect of thermal annealing on the changes in electrical and structural properties is described

Dylematy polityki bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego państwa. Fikcja czy rzeczywistość?

The first part of the article is dedicated to the classic approach to security in three areas: the security of the individual, the state and on the international stage. Then the author conducts an analysis of the interdisciplinary approach to security. He characterised the behavioural as well as sociological and economic theories. The author analyses the government policies pertaining to internal security in the last fifteen years. He explained the legal and constitutional rules of the government administration in Poland and then characterised the system of institutions responsible for security within the country involving a critical analysis of internal security policy, i.a. its effectiveness and efficiency. The author formulates the thesis which holds that within the last fifteen years the governments have failed to design an effective policy of internal security, so far. The postulated concepts and governmental proposals have been designed as temporary measures and under political pressure without much consideration for systemic solutions. The policy of internal security lacks the systemic approach deriving from the theory of organisation. Keywords: state, politics, security, internal security, police, special forces.W pierwszej części artykułu przedstawiono trzy płaszczyzny klasycznego ujęcia bezpieczeństwa, mianowicie: bezpieczeństwo jednostki, bezpieczeństwo narodowe i bezpieczeństwo międzynarodowe. Następnie autor poddał analizie interdyscyplinarne podejście do bezpieczeństwa. Scharakteryzował teorie behawioralne, socjologiczne i ekonomiczne. Przeanalizował także programy rządów w obszarze bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego w ostatnim piętnastoleciu oraz przedstawił prawnoustrojowe zasady funkcjonowania administracji rządowej w Polsce. Następnie scharakteryzował system instytucji odpowiedzialnych za bezpieczeństwo w państwie, w tym przeprowadził krytyczną analizę polityki bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego, m.in. jej efektywności i skuteczności. Autor postawił tezę, że w ciągu ostatnich 15 latach kolejnym rządom nie udało się stworzyć w Polsce skutecznego systemu bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego państwa. Przedstawiane koncepcje i propozycje rządów miały charakter doraźnych działań, uwarunkowanych względami politycznymi, a nie merytorycznymi

The role of territorial self-government in ensuring personal security of citizens in Poland

Purpose: The aim of the conducted research was to define the role of local government in ensuring the personal security of citizens in Poland. Design/Methodology/Approach: The analysis of determining the role of local government in ensuring public safety for citizens is based on a critical analysis of literature, analysis of documents and legal acts. Findings: The state is responsible for ensuring the personal security of its citizens. This particular duty can be performed in different ways. In states which respect and enforce the principles of local democracy these responsibilities are shared by the institutions of local, mainly municipal, self-government. We shouldn’t forget that security is a fundamental and primary human need. This paper presents various forms of direct and indirect operation of individual local government units in Poland in protecting security and public order. Practical Implications: The presented research results are important for public authorities. They allow for better design of security systems. The level of involvement of public self government in matters of citizen security depends on the conditions of democracy and the scale of decentralization of public obligations. The effectiveness of the state's activities aimed at ensuring the personal security of its citizens, depends on the proper identification of needs in this respect. Originality/value: The article presents the directions of improving the management of public security highlighting the need for continuous monitoring of citizens' expectations in terms of security, measures to fulfill the expectations to ensure high efficiency, quality and innovation.peer-reviewe