The Impact of Human Capital Transformation on Marketing-Driven Strategic Management of Organisational Competitiveness

Background. The global economy is operating amid increasing turbulence, driving deep demographic transformations, large-scale migration flows, and instability in consumer demand. Accordingly, human capital becomes a system-forming factor in sustainable organisational competitiveness, as it determines not only enterprises’ production capacities but also the structure and dynamics of the market demand. This necessitates the development of new analytical and adaptive approaches to ensure the potential of marketing support for organisational competitiveness, considering the demographic context. Purpose. This study aims to quantify the impact of human capital on the potential of marketing support for organisational competitiveness in conditions of global turbulence using integrated accounting, analytical and management approaches. Findings. The study substantiates an analytical model that combines the demographic characteristics of human capital with indicators of enterprises’ marketing potential. An integrated Marketing Human Capital Pressure Index (MHCPI) was developed to aggregate the impacts of population decline, a decline in the working-age population, and consumer ageing. In Ukraine, from 2016 to 2021, the MHCPI increased from 0.052 to 0.059, reflecting a gradual structural demographic pressure. Structural analysis showed that during this period, more than 85% of the index value was due to population ageing. In contrast, in 2022–2023, the solvent consumer outflow factor became dominant, accounting for over 50%. The study results emphasise the need for enterprises to transition to adaptive mechanisms to ensure the potential of marketing support for organisational competitiveness. Implications. Human capital transformation is a system-forming factor that shapes the marketing environment and organisational competitiveness. The proposed conceptual model of human capital’s impact on the potential of marketing support for competitiveness provides a basis for substantiating an adaptive mechanism to minimise demographic risks and transform human capital into a source of sustainable competitive advantage. Integrating accounting and analytical blocks ensures that key human capital indicators are linked to marketing results, thereby increasing the validity of management decisions amid increasing global turbulence.Background. The global economy is operating amid increasing turbulence, driving deep demographic transformations, large-scale migration flows, and instability in consumer demand. Accordingly, human capital becomes a system-forming factor in sustainable organisational competitiveness, as it determines not only enterprises’ production capacities but also the structure and dynamics of the market demand. This necessitates the development of new analytical and adaptive approaches to ensure the potential of marketing support for organisational competitiveness, considering the demographic context. Purpose. This study aims to quantify the impact of human capital on the potential of marketing support for organisational competitiveness in conditions of global turbulence using integrated accounting, analytical and management approaches. Findings. The study substantiates an analytical model that combines the demographic characteristics of human capital with indicators of enterprises’ marketing potential. An integrated Marketing Human Capital Pressure Index (MHCPI) was developed to aggregate the impacts of population decline, a decline in the working-age population, and consumer ageing. In Ukraine, from 2016 to 2021, the MHCPI increased from 0.052 to 0.059, reflecting a gradual structural demographic pressure. Structural analysis showed that during this period, more than 85% of the index value was due to population ageing. In contrast, in 2022–2023, the solvent consumer outflow factor became dominant, accounting for over 50%. The study results emphasise the need for enterprises to transition to adaptive mechanisms to ensure the potential of marketing support for organisational competitiveness. Implications. Human capital transformation is a system-forming factor that shapes the marketing environment and organisational competitiveness. The proposed conceptual model of human capital’s impact on the potential of marketing support for competitiveness provides a basis for substantiating an adaptive mechanism to minimise demographic risks and transform human capital into a source of sustainable competitive advantage. Integrating accounting and analytical blocks ensures that key human capital indicators are linked to marketing results, thereby increasing the validity of management decisions amid increasing global turbulence

Intelligent Transport Systems Management and Regional Connectivity in Transport Infrastructure Development

Background. This study highlights the importance of analysing and assessing various aspects of regional connectivity in the context of integrating ICT into infrastructure and related facility management. In Bulgaria and the Balkans, there is a significant deficit in regional transport connectivity, which hinders the formation of a single spatial-economic and transport-geographical community. This creates an urgent need for improved governance and the implementation of ICT solutions to strengthen regional transportation connectivity. Purpose. This study aims to analyse and evaluate alternative approaches to modelling regional connectivity in the context of modern, innovative governance, and to outline opportunities to improve connectivity in the Balkans. Findings. The results of this study demonstrate that an intelligent interconnected model integrating Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, mobile communication systems, and sustainability principles provides an effective basis for comprehensive infrastructure monitoring and management. Simultaneously, the study reveals structural problems in infrastructure management, particularly excessively long project preparation times (averaging around 3 years) and the lack of bypass roads around major urban centres. To develop North-South connectivity in the Balkans, it is necessary to construct a fifth route through Bulgaria. The study found a strong relationship between road network density and regional economic growth. The average road network density in Bulgaria is 0.1800 km of road per km², and the average regional GDP per capita is 12,899.85 EUR.   Implications. The incorporation of e-government into regional development can enhance the effectiveness of implementing transport connectivity policies across different modes of transport and their adaptability to the European Union. However, several infrastructure and transportation problems need to be addressed (project delays, lack of bypass roads, and poor rail connectivity). The modernisation of motorways, construction of the rail network, and major infrastructure projects on the Danube (multimodal terminals and bridge facilities) and the Black Sea will shape connectivity patterns. Moreover, this will create preconditions for increased investment in and strengthening of the existing road networks.Background. This study highlights the importance of analysing and assessing various aspects of regional connectivity in the context of integrating ICT into infrastructure and related facility management. In Bulgaria and the Balkans, there is a significant deficit in regional transport connectivity, which hinders the formation of a single spatial-economic and transport-geographical community. This creates an urgent need for improved governance and the implementation of ICT solutions to strengthen regional transportation connectivity. Purpose. This study aims to analyse and evaluate alternative approaches to modelling regional connectivity in the context of modern, innovative governance, and to outline opportunities to improve connectivity in the Balkans. Findings. The results of this study demonstrate that an intelligent interconnected model integrating Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, mobile communication systems, and sustainability principles provides an effective basis for comprehensive infrastructure monitoring and management. Simultaneously, the study reveals structural problems in infrastructure management, particularly excessively long project preparation times (averaging around 3 years) and the lack of bypass roads around major urban centres. To develop North-South connectivity in the Balkans, it is necessary to construct a fifth route through Bulgaria. The study found a strong relationship between road network density and regional economic growth. The average road network density in Bulgaria is 0.1800 km of road per km², and the average regional GDP per capita is 12,899.85 EUR.   Implications. The incorporation of e-government into regional development can enhance the effectiveness of implementing transport connectivity policies across different modes of transport and their adaptability to the European Union. However, several infrastructure and transportation problems need to be addressed (project delays, lack of bypass roads, and poor rail connectivity). The modernisation of motorways, construction of the rail network, and major infrastructure projects on the Danube (multimodal terminals and bridge facilities) and the Black Sea will shape connectivity patterns. Moreover, this will create preconditions for increased investment in and strengthening of the existing road networks

Sustainable Seaport Development and Strategic Modernisation of Maritime Transport Infrastructure

Background. Effective strategic management of maritime transport infrastructure development is impossible without creating conditions for sustainable development. The main risks to Ukraine’s strategic management of maritime transport infrastructure development under martial law were examined, and prospects for its development were based on sustainable development principles. Purpose. This study aims to examine strategic management in the maritime transport infrastructure of Ukraine, focusing on an indicative sustainability framework for ports and identifying the primary components of a performance-management system for sustainable development. Findings. This study analysed the key factors influencing the competitiveness of Ukraine’s maritime transport infrastructure and forecast potential developments for 2026–2030. Security factors account for 44.0% of strategic management issues, and environmental factors account for 9.0%, resulting in a low connectivity index for Ukraine’s liner shipping industry (12.6% lower than the EU average). The analysis validated an indicative-integrated assessment model that includes two complementary systems: port sustainability indicators and management key performance indicators. The estimated Integrated Sustainability Index of the Port System for 2024 is 0.816 (high level), indicating adaptive stabilisation under martial law. The Sustainable Development Management Performance Index for the port system in 2024 is 0.768 (moderately high), confirming consistent policy implementation and adaptive capacity. The key performance indicators include an 8.5% increase in cargo turnover, a 6.0% increase in revenue, a 17.8% share of green investments, and a digital maturity level of 0.68, indicating operational stability and the potential for further sustainable development. Implications. The current risks in the strategic management of Ukraine’s maritime transport infrastructure development are predominantly security-related. However, risks require continuous monitoring of sustainable development and the effectiveness of its management, considering the potential negative impact of maritime transport infrastructure on environmental safety. A vision of the strategic development mechanism for maritime transport infrastructure in the context of sustainable development was formulated, and a quantitative assessment mechanism for the sustainable development process and its management effectiveness was defined.Background. Effective strategic management of maritime transport infrastructure development is impossible without creating conditions for sustainable development. The main risks to Ukraine’s strategic management of maritime transport infrastructure development under martial law were examined, and prospects for its development were based on sustainable development principles. Purpose. This study aims to examine strategic management in the maritime transport infrastructure of Ukraine, focusing on an indicative sustainability framework for ports and identifying the primary components of a performance-management system for sustainable development. Findings. This study analysed the key factors influencing the competitiveness of Ukraine’s maritime transport infrastructure and forecast potential developments for 2026–2030. Security factors account for 44.0% of strategic management issues, and environmental factors account for 9.0%, resulting in a low connectivity index for Ukraine’s liner shipping industry (12.6% lower than the EU average). The analysis validated an indicative-integrated assessment model that includes two complementary systems: port sustainability indicators and management key performance indicators. The estimated Integrated Sustainability Index of the Port System for 2024 is 0.816 (high level), indicating adaptive stabilisation under martial law. The Sustainable Development Management Performance Index for the port system in 2024 is 0.768 (moderately high), confirming consistent policy implementation and adaptive capacity. The key performance indicators include an 8.5% increase in cargo turnover, a 6.0% increase in revenue, a 17.8% share of green investments, and a digital maturity level of 0.68, indicating operational stability and the potential for further sustainable development. Implications. The current risks in the strategic management of Ukraine’s maritime transport infrastructure development are predominantly security-related. However, risks require continuous monitoring of sustainable development and the effectiveness of its management, considering the potential negative impact of maritime transport infrastructure on environmental safety. A vision of the strategic development mechanism for maritime transport infrastructure in the context of sustainable development was formulated, and a quantitative assessment mechanism for the sustainable development process and its management effectiveness was defined

Organisational Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility in European Business: Regional Variations and Strategic Impacts on Sustainability

Background. In a time marked by globalisation, environmental challenges, and rising social expectations, European businesses face increasing pressure to align profitability with ethical responsibility and sustainable development. Purpose. This study analyses how organisational ethics and corporate social responsibility (CSR) are integrated into European business strategies and assesses their strategic impact on sustainability and competitiveness with a focus on Romania. The study analyses the conceptualisation of CSR, the evolution of sustainability reporting in Europe (2010–2025), compared regional models, and conducted a sectoral analysis that considered changes in EU legislation. Findings. The study applies a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative analysis of CSR indicators, such as sustainability reporting rates, performance metrics, and policy data (2010-2025), with qualitative case studies and comparative assessments at the firm and sector levels. CSR has evolved from a voluntary, philanthropic concern into a strategic necessity. Across Europe, 82% of major firms now issue sustainability reports, while Romania’s reporting rate among large companies rose to 74% by 2022, signalling rapid but still incomplete convergence with Western standards and proving the persistence of significant regional differences. CSR and ethics improve innovation capacity, risk mitigation, stakeholder trust and are positively associated with long-term competitiveness. Implications. Corporate social responsibility and organisational ethics have become core drivers of long-term competitiveness in European markets. However, persistent regional disparities mean that Western Europe operates with mature and stakeholder-oriented corporate social responsibility models. In contrast, in Romania, social responsibility remains an emerging component of organisational culture, primarily driven by EU integration and regulatory pressures. For Romania, sustainable success will depend on deepening the transition from formal compliance to genuinely embedding ethical and sustainable business practices.Background. In a time marked by globalisation, environmental challenges, and rising social expectations, European businesses face increasing pressure to align profitability with ethical responsibility and sustainable development. Purpose. This study analyses how organisational ethics and corporate social responsibility (CSR) are integrated into European business strategies and assesses their strategic impact on sustainability and competitiveness with a focus on Romania. The study analyses the conceptualisation of CSR, the evolution of sustainability reporting in Europe (2010–2025), compared regional models, and conducted a sectoral analysis that considered changes in EU legislation. Findings. The study applies a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative analysis of CSR indicators, such as sustainability reporting rates, performance metrics, and policy data (2010-2025), with qualitative case studies and comparative assessments at the firm and sector levels. CSR has evolved from a voluntary, philanthropic concern into a strategic necessity. Across Europe, 82% of major firms now issue sustainability reports, while Romania’s reporting rate among large companies rose to 74% by 2022, signalling rapid but still incomplete convergence with Western standards and proving the persistence of significant regional differences. CSR and ethics improve innovation capacity, risk mitigation, stakeholder trust and are positively associated with long-term competitiveness. Implications. Corporate social responsibility and organisational ethics have become core drivers of long-term competitiveness in European markets. However, persistent regional disparities mean that Western Europe operates with mature and stakeholder-oriented corporate social responsibility models. In contrast, in Romania, social responsibility remains an emerging component of organisational culture, primarily driven by EU integration and regulatory pressures. For Romania, sustainable success will depend on deepening the transition from formal compliance to genuinely embedding ethical and sustainable business practices

Optimisation of Agricultural Crop Allocation in Sustainable Biofuel Production and Energy Security Strategies

Background. Energy and food security, as well as resilience to climate change, are key priorities in development strategies. Increasing prices of conventional energy resources and their uneven distribution across countries are major drivers of the development of renewable energy sources. The production and use of biofuels play a crucial role among renewable energy sources, reducing dependence on imported conventional fuels and creating new employment opportunities. Purpose. This study aims to develop scenarios for the production and consumption of liquid biofuels in Ukraine to increase energy security and ensure sustainable development. Findings. The production of liquid biofuels revealed that leading countries producing bioethanol and biodiesel often have traditional energy sources but are diversifying their energy portfolios. An algorithm for choosing between the food and energy use of crops was proposed, based on key selection criteria such as the level of domestic crop provision, the level of national energy security, and the efficiency of using crops for energy purposes relative to exports. This study identified the potential for bioethanol and biodiesel production in Ukraine based on export scenarios. This demonstrates Ukraine's potential to meet its needs and export finished bioenergy products (biofuels) to European and global energy markets. Three comprehensive scenarios for the production and consumption of biofuels in Ukraine up to 2035 were developed with target indicators for the substitution of traditional fuels at levels of 6%, 12% and 20%, respectively. The required areas for sowing optimal crops (wheat (20%), corn (40%), sugar beet (40%) for bioethanol and rapeseed (100%) for biodiesel) were calculated. To achieve the target indicators, these areas will amount to 1.8%, 3.6%, and 5.9% of the average crop area in Ukraine in 2020-2023, which demonstrates that biofuel production will not threaten food security. Implications. Agricultural crop distribution for sustainable biofuel production and energy security strategies can serve as the basis for Ukraine’s long-term national bioenergy policy, thereby increasing energy security and achieving climate goals. Implementing integrated scenarios will require allocating the necessary cropping areas, but the analysis indicates this will not threaten food security.Background. Energy and food security, as well as resilience to climate change, are key priorities in development strategies. Increasing prices of conventional energy resources and their uneven distribution across countries are major drivers of the development of renewable energy sources. The production and use of biofuels play a crucial role among renewable energy sources, reducing dependence on imported conventional fuels and creating new employment opportunities. Purpose. This study aims to develop scenarios for the production and consumption of liquid biofuels in Ukraine to increase energy security and ensure sustainable development. Findings. The production of liquid biofuels revealed that leading countries producing bioethanol and biodiesel often have traditional energy sources but are diversifying their energy portfolios. An algorithm for choosing between the food and energy use of crops was proposed, based on key selection criteria such as the level of domestic crop provision, the level of national energy security, and the efficiency of using crops for energy purposes relative to exports. This study identified the potential for bioethanol and biodiesel production in Ukraine based on export scenarios. This demonstrates Ukraine's potential to meet its needs and export finished bioenergy products (biofuels) to European and global energy markets. Three comprehensive scenarios for the production and consumption of biofuels in Ukraine up to 2035 were developed with target indicators for the substitution of traditional fuels at levels of 6%, 12% and 20%, respectively. The required areas for sowing optimal crops (wheat (20%), corn (40%), sugar beet (40%) for bioethanol and rapeseed (100%) for biodiesel) were calculated. To achieve the target indicators, these areas will amount to 1.8%, 3.6%, and 5.9% of the average crop area in Ukraine in 2020-2023, which demonstrates that biofuel production will not threaten food security. Implications. Agricultural crop distribution for sustainable biofuel production and energy security strategies can serve as the basis for Ukraine’s long-term national bioenergy policy, thereby increasing energy security and achieving climate goals. Implementing integrated scenarios will require allocating the necessary cropping areas, but the analysis indicates this will not threaten food security

Logistics Innovation Mechanisms of Agricultural Competitiveness Development in Spatial Economic Transformation

Background. The study examines the transformation of the logistics component of enterprises’ competitiveness in the agricultural sector of Ukraine under conditions of spatial economic changes driven by military events and the restructuring of export infrastructure. The relevance of analysing export logistics channels stems from their decisive role in the resilience of agricultural production given changes in transport route configurations, increased risks, and the need to adapt to new geo-economic conditions. Purpose. This study aims to analyse the impact of the structure and diversification of export logistics channels on the competitiveness of the agricultural sector and develop an integrated approach to measure the logistics component of comprehensive performance. Findings. The study employs statistical, comparative analysis methods, and an index approach to assess the structure of logistics flows. The dynamics of agricultural production indices for 2014–2024, the structure of export logistic flows, and the share of transport modes in agricultural exports are also considered. The diversification index of logistics channels was calculated, reflecting the transition from a highly concentrated logistics structure to a more diversified one. A Logistics Competitiveness Index was also constructed, which integrates export volume, degree of diversification, and the share of alternative routes. The results demonstrated a transition from a mono-channel maritime model in 2021 to a diversified configuration in 2022–2023, which performed an adaptive function and contributed to the recovery of export activity. In 2024, the export volume increased to 70 million tonnes, 12.9% more than in 2023 (62 million tonnes). However, this occurred against the background of a partial return to a more concentrated structure of logistics flows, driven by the restoration of the maritime transport channel’s role. Implications. The competitiveness of agricultural enterprises in a transformed economic space is determined not only by the scale of exports but also by the structural balance of transport channels. Maintaining a multichannel logistics model is considered a key element of logistics innovation mechanisms to ensure resilience and long-term competitive advantage.Background. The study examines the transformation of the logistics component of enterprises’ competitiveness in the agricultural sector of Ukraine under conditions of spatial economic changes driven by military events and the restructuring of export infrastructure. The relevance of analysing export logistics channels stems from their decisive role in the resilience of agricultural production given changes in transport route configurations, increased risks, and the need to adapt to new geo-economic conditions. Purpose. This study aims to analyse the impact of the structure and diversification of export logistics channels on the competitiveness of the agricultural sector and develop an integrated approach to measure the logistics component of comprehensive performance. Findings. The study employs statistical, comparative analysis methods, and an index approach to assess the structure of logistics flows. The dynamics of agricultural production indices for 2014–2024, the structure of export logistic flows, and the share of transport modes in agricultural exports are also considered. The diversification index of logistics channels was calculated, reflecting the transition from a highly concentrated logistics structure to a more diversified one. A Logistics Competitiveness Index was also constructed, which integrates export volume, degree of diversification, and the share of alternative routes. The results demonstrated a transition from a mono-channel maritime model in 2021 to a diversified configuration in 2022–2023, which performed an adaptive function and contributed to the recovery of export activity. In 2024, the export volume increased to 70 million tonnes, 12.9% more than in 2023 (62 million tonnes). However, this occurred against the background of a partial return to a more concentrated structure of logistics flows, driven by the restoration of the maritime transport channel’s role. Implications. The competitiveness of agricultural enterprises in a transformed economic space is determined not only by the scale of exports but also by the structural balance of transport channels. Maintaining a multichannel logistics model is considered a key element of logistics innovation mechanisms to ensure resilience and long-term competitive advantage

Tax Factors of Economic Dynamics: Analysis Based on the Modified IS–LM Model

Background. Taxation is a fundamental instrument of macroeconomic policy, and its influence across various economic and social domains remains one of the most significant subjects of research. Particular attention is devoted to examining the capacity of taxation to regulate economic cycles, shape dynamic processes, and affect the market equilibrium of an economic system. The development of dynamic models of economic equilibrium incorporating endogenous tax factors as a methodological foundation for macroeconomic policy constitutes a significant research objective. Purpose. This study examines the impact of taxation indicators on macroeconomic dynamics within the dynamic IS–LM framework, incorporating endogenous taxes, mathematical and simulation analyses of oscillatory conditions, and assessment of the influence of tax variables on dynamic regimes. Findings. This study presents a modified IS-LM model with endogenous taxes, demonstrating the potential influence of taxation on the type of dynamics of economic systems, particularly the exit from the fluctuation zone and vice versa. The theoretical analysis of the model consists of two stages: 1) mathematical analysis of the tax parameter’s influence on the type of dynamics of the economic system, and 2) simulation analysis based on the System Dynamics concept. As a result of the first stage, mathematically justified bounds for the tax rate were obtained, which determine its potential (in combination with other parameters) to reflect the diversity of economic systems. In particular, it is shown that for certain values of other model parameters, the transition from fluctuations is possible with both a high tax burden (e.g. above 50%) and a low one (e.g. 20% or below). Implications. The simulation model developed using the System Dynamics concept demonstrates the possibility of analysing feedback loops that include key variables of the model, revealing reinforcing or balancing mechanisms within closed chains of endogenous variables, and of multivariate calculations and analysis of the impact of various combinations of exogenous parameters on selected response functions (GDP or Interest rate) with the subsequent development of regression meta-models.Background. Taxation is a fundamental instrument of macroeconomic policy, and its influence across various economic and social domains remains one of the most significant subjects of research. Particular attention is devoted to examining the capacity of taxation to regulate economic cycles, shape dynamic processes, and affect the market equilibrium of an economic system. The development of dynamic models of economic equilibrium incorporating endogenous tax factors as a methodological foundation for macroeconomic policy constitutes a significant research objective. Purpose. This study examines the impact of taxation indicators on macroeconomic dynamics within the dynamic IS–LM framework, incorporating endogenous taxes, mathematical and simulation analyses of oscillatory conditions, and assessment of the influence of tax variables on dynamic regimes. Findings. This study presents a modified IS-LM model with endogenous taxes, demonstrating the potential influence of taxation on the type of dynamics of economic systems, particularly the exit from the fluctuation zone and vice versa. The theoretical analysis of the model consists of two stages: 1) mathematical analysis of the tax parameter’s influence on the type of dynamics of the economic system, and 2) simulation analysis based on the System Dynamics concept. As a result of the first stage, mathematically justified bounds for the tax rate were obtained, which determine its potential (in combination with other parameters) to reflect the diversity of economic systems. In particular, it is shown that for certain values of other model parameters, the transition from fluctuations is possible with both a high tax burden (e.g. above 50%) and a low one (e.g. 20% or below). Implications. The simulation model developed using the System Dynamics concept demonstrates the possibility of analysing feedback loops that include key variables of the model, revealing reinforcing or balancing mechanisms within closed chains of endogenous variables, and of multivariate calculations and analysis of the impact of various combinations of exogenous parameters on selected response functions (GDP or Interest rate) with the subsequent development of regression meta-models

Climate-Responsive Environmental Monitoring in Sustainable Management of Air Quality and Pollution

Background. Air pollution is a significant threat to human health and the global environment. In the context of climate change, air pollution is becoming increasingly severe and challenging to control. In regions with harsh climates, such as Nghe An Province (Vietnam), controlling air pollution becomes even more difficult. Climate change has accelerated the formation of ozone (O3), prolonged the retention time of pollutants in the air, and increased the risk of forest fires, leading to the dispersion of particulate matter and other impacts. Appropriate air quality management measures are necessary to ensure that the air environment of Nghe An Province meets national standards. Purpose. This study aims to examine the current level of air pollution in Nghe An Province by analysing monitoring data and air quality management policies. The air quality monitoring data will be compared with Vietnam’s National Technical Regulation on Air Quality (QCVN 05:2023/BTNMT) to assess the pollution status. The study also proposes sustainable air quality management solutions tailored to climate change in Nghe An Province, addressing both the short-term and long-term implications. Findings. The study used data from 119 air quality monitoring points across Nghe An Province, with areas including rural, urban, industrial, construction, mining, landfill, traffic, and tourist areas. An analysis of the concentrations of pollutants such as SO2, CO, NO2, and Total Suspended Particulates (TSP) showed that Nghe An’s air quality was good, with most indicators remaining within the safe limits prescribed by QCVN 05:2023/BTNMT. However, some monitoring points recorded values that exceeded the permissible threshold. Of the 119 monitoring points, seven exceeded the limit for TSP (accounting for 5.9%). The TSP concentration fluctuated from 111 µg/Nm3 to 432 µg/Nm3 during the study period. Although the province has directed efforts toward air quality management, several bottlenecks remain, including the limited application of modern technology and the inadequate management of agricultural waste burning. To ensure sustainable development under climate change, several air quality management measures have been proposed for Nghe An Province to improve air quality. Implications. The air environment faces challenges as climate change significantly impacts environmental pollution. An analysis of air quality monitoring data from 119 stations across Nghe An Province indicated that the air quality was generally good, with only 5.9% of the stations reporting TSP concentrations that exceeded national standards. Although the current air quality in Nghe An Province is within safe limits, appropriate management solutions are necessary to ensure the health and safety of the local population and to guarantee sustainable development.Background. Air pollution is a significant threat to human health and the global environment. In the context of climate change, air pollution is becoming increasingly severe and challenging to control. In regions with harsh climates, such as Nghe An Province (Vietnam), controlling air pollution becomes even more difficult. Climate change has accelerated the formation of ozone (O3), prolonged the retention time of pollutants in the air, and increased the risk of forest fires, leading to the dispersion of particulate matter and other impacts. Appropriate air quality management measures are necessary to ensure that the air environment of Nghe An Province meets national standards. Purpose. This study aims to examine the current level of air pollution in Nghe An Province by analysing monitoring data and air quality management policies. The air quality monitoring data will be compared with Vietnam’s National Technical Regulation on Air Quality (QCVN 05:2023/BTNMT) to assess the pollution status. The study also proposes sustainable air quality management solutions tailored to climate change in Nghe An Province, addressing both the short-term and long-term implications. Findings. The study used data from 119 air quality monitoring points across Nghe An Province, with areas including rural, urban, industrial, construction, mining, landfill, traffic, and tourist areas. An analysis of the concentrations of pollutants such as SO2, CO, NO2, and Total Suspended Particulates (TSP) showed that Nghe An’s air quality was good, with most indicators remaining within the safe limits prescribed by QCVN 05:2023/BTNMT. However, some monitoring points recorded values that exceeded the permissible threshold. Of the 119 monitoring points, seven exceeded the limit for TSP (accounting for 5.9%). The TSP concentration fluctuated from 111 µg/Nm3 to 432 µg/Nm3 during the study period. Although the province has directed efforts toward air quality management, several bottlenecks remain, including the limited application of modern technology and the inadequate management of agricultural waste burning. To ensure sustainable development under climate change, several air quality management measures have been proposed for Nghe An Province to improve air quality. Implications. The air environment faces challenges as climate change significantly impacts environmental pollution. An analysis of air quality monitoring data from 119 stations across Nghe An Province indicated that the air quality was generally good, with only 5.9% of the stations reporting TSP concentrations that exceeded national standards. Although the current air quality in Nghe An Province is within safe limits, appropriate management solutions are necessary to ensure the health and safety of the local population and to guarantee sustainable development

Green Innovation Strategies for Enhancing Sustainable Performance: A Bibliometric Analysis and Research Avenues

Background. Amidst an increasingly dynamic global economic landscape, understanding how green innovation contributes to sustainable performance remains a crucial research agenda. Despite its growing popularity, existing studies continue to report fragmented and divergent outcomes regarding the effects of green innovation on sustainable performance. Purpose. This study presents a systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis of 211 peer-reviewed articles published between 2019 and 2025, sourced from the Scopus and ScienceDirect databases. Findings. Utilising VOS Viewer software, this research draws on the epistemological construction of the disciplines. It identifies six thematic clusters: (1) eco-environmental innovation and sustainable finance, (2) CSR and green supply chains for business performance,             (3) circular economy and sustainable supply chain development, (4) digital transformation and ESG-oriented sustainability, (5) green and sustainable manufacturing research landscape, and (6) AI-based innovation and ESG performance. For the keyword co-occurrence analysis, a complete counting method was applied with a minimum keyword occurrence threshold of 5 to reduce analytical noise and enhance map interpretability, which was considered appropriate given the final dataset size. Network normalisation and visualisation were performed using the association strength method, following the standard VOSviewer procedures to ensure transparency and reproducibility. Implications. This study shows a shift from a fundamental conceptualisation of green innovation toward its strategic alignment with dynamic capabilities, absorptive capacity, and digital technologies, such as artificial intelligence, that enable green, digital, and resilient economic transitions. This study provides a holistic picture of the scope, geographic distribution, and temporal evolution of green innovation research and reveals gaps in geographic and sectoral coverage, particularly in emerging economies.Background. Amidst an increasingly dynamic global economic landscape, understanding how green innovation contributes to sustainable performance remains a crucial research agenda. Despite its growing popularity, existing studies continue to report fragmented and divergent outcomes regarding the effects of green innovation on sustainable performance. Purpose. This study presents a systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis of 211 peer-reviewed articles published between 2019 and 2025, sourced from the Scopus and ScienceDirect databases. Findings. Utilising VOS Viewer software, this research draws on the epistemological construction of the disciplines. It identifies six thematic clusters: (1) eco-environmental innovation and sustainable finance, (2) CSR and green supply chains for business performance,             (3) circular economy and sustainable supply chain development, (4) digital transformation and ESG-oriented sustainability, (5) green and sustainable manufacturing research landscape, and (6) AI-based innovation and ESG performance. For the keyword co-occurrence analysis, a complete counting method was applied with a minimum keyword occurrence threshold of 5 to reduce analytical noise and enhance map interpretability, which was considered appropriate given the final dataset size. Network normalisation and visualisation were performed using the association strength method, following the standard VOSviewer procedures to ensure transparency and reproducibility. Implications. This study shows a shift from a fundamental conceptualisation of green innovation toward its strategic alignment with dynamic capabilities, absorptive capacity, and digital technologies, such as artificial intelligence, that enable green, digital, and resilient economic transitions. This study provides a holistic picture of the scope, geographic distribution, and temporal evolution of green innovation research and reveals gaps in geographic and sectoral coverage, particularly in emerging economies

Assessing Organisational Capacities of Motivation-Driven Performance Outcomes in Circular Economy Transitions

Background. The transition from a linear to a circular economy is a complex process influenced by various external and internal factors, including state regulations aimed at achieving ESG objectives, market conditions, and consumer demand. Internal organisational factors, such as human resources, finance, and technology, determine an organisation's capacity to implement circular models. It is also important to consider the quality aspects of circular solutions that act as motivators and generate benefits not only for the environment and society but also for the implementing organisations. Purpose. This study aims to quantify and analyse the correlations between external motivators, internal capabilities in the circular economy transition, organisational benefits derived from implementation, and impacts on organisational performance. Findings. The analysis revealed strong correlations between most circular economy factors and key aspects of organisational performance, highlighting the strategic value of investing in circular economy models. The strongest correlations were found between team capacity and expert effectiveness (0.769), economic performance and financial efficiency (0.756), and resource efficiency and its associated benefits (0.741). Most of the remaining factors demonstrated moderate correlations (0.30–0.59), and only a few indicators demonstrated weak correlations (<0.29), which require further investigation. The results obtained, especially the highest correlation between team and expert potential, highlight the paramount importance of investing in human capital and management competencies as the basis for a successful transition to a circular economy. Implications. Organisations in Bulgaria that invest in the right enablers (management, finance, technology, and partnerships) are facilitating circular economy transitions and improving their performance to achieve growth and success. This provides valuable insights for informed policy, strategy, and funding decisions. Key motivators and opportunities for implementing a circular economy are closely linked to precise benefits for organisations, such as the strength and expertise of the human factors team. In contrast, interdisciplinary teams required further study due to their weak correlation with expected outcomes.Background. The transition from a linear to a circular economy is a complex process influenced by various external and internal factors, including state regulations aimed at achieving ESG objectives, market conditions, and consumer demand. Internal organisational factors, such as human resources, finance, and technology, determine an organisation's capacity to implement circular models. It is also important to consider the quality aspects of circular solutions that act as motivators and generate benefits not only for the environment and society but also for the implementing organisations. Purpose. This study aims to quantify and analyse the correlations between external motivators, internal capabilities in the circular economy transition, organisational benefits derived from implementation, and impacts on organisational performance. Findings. The analysis revealed strong correlations between most circular economy factors and key aspects of organisational performance, highlighting the strategic value of investing in circular economy models. The strongest correlations were found between team capacity and expert effectiveness (0.769), economic performance and financial efficiency (0.756), and resource efficiency and its associated benefits (0.741). Most of the remaining factors demonstrated moderate correlations (0.30–0.59), and only a few indicators demonstrated weak correlations (<0.29), which require further investigation. The results obtained, especially the highest correlation between team and expert potential, highlight the paramount importance of investing in human capital and management competencies as the basis for a successful transition to a circular economy. Implications. Organisations in Bulgaria that invest in the right enablers (management, finance, technology, and partnerships) are facilitating circular economy transitions and improving their performance to achieve growth and success. This provides valuable insights for informed policy, strategy, and funding decisions. Key motivators and opportunities for implementing a circular economy are closely linked to precise benefits for organisations, such as the strength and expertise of the human factors team. In contrast, interdisciplinary teams required further study due to their weak correlation with expected outcomes