Features of the dialogue-experience techniques in the educational process

Elaborating the dialogue-experience techniques in the educational process relied on the following: (a) revealing the role of sense experiences in sense accumulation processes, as well as their comparison and generating new senses, conditioned by learners’ need for understanding themselves and other people; (b) studying personalization and personification, personal ways of their implementation (in images, sense constructs and dispositions, as well as in orientation); (c) clarifying the role of emotional and empathic, figurative, and reflective experiences which provide sense harmonization of dialogue participants’ sense stands when forming the joint relation to educational activities; (d) studying the role of the coordination of these experiences in forming interpersonal relationships in educational activities, as well as the transformation of sense structures in inter-group interaction when performing co-creative activities through the phenomena of “reflected subjectivity” (the image of Another, the image of significant Another, and the personified image of significant Another). In accordance with the features of learners’ emotional and empathic, figurative, and reflective experiences, the analysis highlighted and described the generalized techniques. These techniques fell into three blocks determining the direction of psychological, psycho-pedagogical, and pedagogical support of learners in the educational process. Each block included the following three groups of more particular techniques: (a) lowering negative experiences, restoring “missing” experiences, and forming positive experiences (the psychological block of techniques); (b) personified education, techniques of team building, and reflective techniques (the psychopedagogical block of techniques); techniques for solving the issues of sociability, co-creation, and cooperation in co-creative activities (the pedagogical block of techniques). The developed dialogue-experience techniques can “turn” the learner to Another and enable the teacher to manage the educational process in a “soft” manner

Multicriteria fuzzy statistical analysis of biogas energy systems dependability

The work is devoted to the problems of assessing the dependability of autonomous energy systems with biogas type of electrical generation. The purpose of the work is to develop an intelligent tool for multi-criteria dependability assessment, taking into account the statistical uncertainty of individual indicators. A three-level hierarchy (according to the degree of generalization) of dependability indicators, represented by statistical (at the lower level) and fuzzy linguistic (starting from the second level) variables, has been developed. It is proposed to implement the transition from statistical values of lower-level indicators to numerical values of second-level indicators using an artificial neural network. Fuzzification of second-level indicators was carried out using L. Zadeh’s z-number apparatus, which allows taking into account statistical uncertainty. To determine the integral dependability indicator (top of the hierarchy) based on second-level indicators, it is proposed to use the Mamdani fuzzy inference algorithm. The constructed procedure for determining the level of dependability allows us to obtain data for making scientifically based decisions when operating biogas energy systems

Новые сорта вигны (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdc.) овощного использования, перспективные для возделывания в южных регионах России

Relevance. Currently, there is an interest in this country in vegetable varieties of Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdc. However, a small number of varieties adapted to different cultivation conditions prevents a wider distribution of this crop. The present work was aimed at creating new vegetable cowpea varieties adapted to the climatic conditions of southern regions of Russia.Materials and methods. The study was carried out in 1998-2018 in the Astrakhan Province (Astrakhan Experiment Station) and in 2012-2018 in Primorsky Territory (Far East Experiment Station). Vegetable cowpea accessions from the global VIR collection were studied.Results. Many years of breeding have resulted in creation of such varieties as ‘Astrakhanskaya krasavitsa’, ‘Kaspiyskaya zarya’, ‘Zhemchyuzhina Kaspiya’ and ‘Lyanchihe’, which were included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements in 2019. All varieties are characterized by earliness, high productivity, excellent quality of vegetable pods, high protein content in pods in the technical ripeness phase (29.5-33.5%), and by low demand to the soil fertility. ‘Zhemchyuzhina Kaspiya’, ‘Astrakhanskaya krasavitsa’ and ‘Kaspiyskaya zarya’ are tolerant to high temperatures, air drought and soil salinity. The growing season for these varieties lasts 62-68 days in the Astrakhan Province under irrigation, while technical ripeness of pods occurs in 46-50 days. The green pod yield is 16.1–28.2 t/ha and the seed yield is 1.91-2.71 t/ha. The ‘Lyanchihe’ variety tolerates humidity well; its growing season in southern Primorsky Territory is 97-110 days, and pods reach technical ripeness in 61-70 days. The green pod yield is 21.0-24.0 t/ha, and that of seeds is 2.38-2.64 t/ha. The released varieties will broaden the range of vegetable crops cultivated in this country and improve the quality of nutrition of the population.Актуальность. В настоящее время в нашей стране возник интерес к овощным сортам Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdc. Однако небольшое число сортов, приспособленных к различным условиям культивирования, сдерживает ее более широкое распространение. Цель работы – создать новые сорта вигны овощного направления использования, адаптивные к климатическим условиям южных регионов России.Материал и методы. Исследования проводили с 1998 по 2018 годы на селекционных полях Астраханской ОС филиал ВИР (Астраханская обл.) и с 2012 по 2018 годы на Дальневосточной ОС филиал ВИР (Приморский край). Изучали образцы овощной вигны из мировой коллекции ВИР.Результаты. В результате многолетней селекционной работы созданы 4 сорта вигны овощного направления использования (Астраханская красавица, Каспийская заря, Жемчужина Каспия и Лянчихе), включенные в 2019 году в Государственный реестр селекционных достижений РФ. Все сорта отличаются скороспелостью, продуктивностью, отличным качеством овощных бобов, высоким содержанием белка в бобах в фазу технической спелости (29,533,5%), нетребовательны к плодородию почвы. Жемчужина Каспия, Астраханская красавица, Каспийская заря устойчивы к высоким температурам, воздушной засухе, засолению почвы. В Астраханской обл. в условиях орошения длина вегетационного периода (в.п.) у этих сортов равна 62-68 дням, до технической спелости бобов – 46-50 дней, урожайность бобов в стадии технической спелости – 16,1–28,2 т/га, семян – 1,91–2,71 т/га. Сорт Лянчихе хорошо выносит переувлажнение, на юге Приморского края имеет длину в.п. 97-110 дней, до технической спелости бобов – 61-70 дней, урожайность бобов в стадии технической спелости – 21,0–24,0 т/га, семян – 2,38–2,64 т/га. Выведенные сорта позволяют расширить ассортимент овощных культур, выращиваемых в нашей стране, и улучшить качество питания населения

Evolution of the Reagent for Iodination and Iodonitration. Optimization of the Synthesis Conditions in the Framework of Green Chemistry

Показана эволюция реагента Тронова-Новикова, проанализированы результаты работы нашей группы под руководством профессора М. С. Юсубова за последние двадцать лет в области йодирования и йоднитрования. Показаны новые возможности твердофазного реагента на основе йода (йодида калия) и (или) нитратов. Изучены химические свойства твердофазных реагентов и оптимизированы условия проведения реакций, которые позволяют проводить целенаправленный синтез продуктов моно- или дийодирования, йоднитрования, нитрования и гетероциклизации. Показано, что при йодировании активированных и умеренно активированных ароматических субстратов и фенилацетилена в условиях «solvent-free » с более высокими выходами получены продукты, аналогичные продуктам в синтезе с использованием растворителя. Предложены возможные окислительно-восстановительные схемы образования промежуточных частиц дийодосеребра (I) нитрата и нитрилйодида в реакциях без растворителя. Полученные теоретические и экспериментальные данные подтверждают возможность распада нитрилйодида по гомо- и гетеролитическому пути в зависимости от природы субстрата не только в синтезе с участием растворителя, но и в условиях «solvent-free »The evolution of the Tronov-Novikov reagent is shown. Scientific investigations of our research group under the leading of professor M. S. Usubov in the field of iodination and iodonitration have been analyzed. New possibilities of a solid-phase reagent based on iodine (potassium iodide) and (or) nitrates are represented. We have studied chemical properties of the solid-phase reagents and optimized conditions of reactions, which allow prediction the synthesis of products of mono- or diiodination, iodonitration, nitration, and heterocyclization. It has been found that iodination of activated and mild activated aromatic substrates and phenylacetylene under solvent-free conditions results with products similar to those obtained in the presence of solvent. However, the solvent-free procedure offers significant advantages such as higher yields, short reaction times with mild reaction conditions. Possible redox schemes were proposed for the formation of potential intermediate particles diiodosilver(I) nitrate and nitrile iodide in solvent-free reactions. Obtained theoretical and experimental data confirm the possibility of the homo- and heterolytic pathways decomposition of nitrile iodide, depending on the nature of the substrate, in the synthesis with a solvent, as well as under “solvent-free” condition

Energetic particle influence on the Earth's atmosphere

This manuscript gives an up-to-date and comprehensive overview of the effects of energetic particle precipitation (EPP) onto the whole atmosphere, from the lower thermosphere/mesosphere through the stratosphere and troposphere, to the surface. The paper summarizes the different sources and energies of particles, principally galactic cosmic rays (GCRs), solar energetic particles (SEPs) and energetic electron precipitation (EEP). All the proposed mechanisms by which EPP can affect the atmosphere are discussed, including chemical changes in the upper atmosphere and lower thermosphere, chemistry-dynamics feedbacks, the global electric circuit and cloud formation. The role of energetic particles in Earth’s atmosphere is a multi-disciplinary problem that requires expertise from a range of scientific backgrounds. To assist with this synergy, summary tables are provided, which are intended to evaluate the level of current knowledge of the effects of energetic particles on processes in the entire atmosphere

Designing a Biogas Plant for an Educational and Scientific Livestock Complex

To design biogas plants, it is necessary to have accurate data about the properties and biogas productivity of the available substrates. Reference data should not be used because the performance of the same substrate can vary significantly. In this research,chicken, horse, sheep and rabbit manure from one of the farms inthe Belgorod region of Russia were analyzed, and the parameters of a biogas station for the processing of this raw material were calculated.The biogas yield of the substrates was determined using the Hohenheim Biogas Yield Test. It was found that the specific biogas yield from the droppings of broilers, laying hens, rabbits, sheep, and horses, and from corn silage were, respectively, 456, 363, 390, 189, 116 and 618 ml/g оDM. The methane content in the biogas was 58.00, 58.50, 57.00, 62.00, 65.00 and 53.60%, respectively. In most cases, the obtained results differed significantly from the data presented in publications of other researchers and reference books.The biogas plant parameter calculations were made according to generally accepted equations, taking into account the characteristics of the studied substrates. Based on the results, it can be concluded that to dispose of the animal excrement of this farm, it is necessary to build a biogas plant with a bioreactor of volume 102.2 m3 and an engine with a power of 12 to 31 kW. The planned output of electric and thermal energy would be 246.19 and 410.27 kWh/day, respectively. Keywords: Hohenheim Biogas Yield Test, rabbit manure, horse dung, sheep manure, chicken droppings, biogas yield of substrate

Data from: Complete mitochondrial genome of the poorly known Amur sculpin Mesocottus haitej (Cottoidei: Cottidae)

The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Mesocottus haitej has been obtained by the next generation sequencing, which contained 22 tRNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes and non-coding control region with the total length of 16,527 bp. The gene content, arrangement, codon usage and base composition of M. haitej mitogenome have no unusual features that distinguish it from most other teleost fishes. According to the result of a pilot phylogenetic analysis, the freshwater Mesocottus is a sister lineage to the Cottus clade. The new mitogenomic data could provide useful information for the further studies on molecular systematics and conservation genetics of cottids

Data from: Phylogeny of salmonids (salmoniformes: Salmonidae) and its molecular dating: analysis of mtDNA data

Phylogenetic relationships among 41 species of salmonid fish and some aspects of their diversification-time history were studied using the GenBank and original mtDNA data. The position of the root of the Salmonidae phylogenetic tree was uncertain. Among the possible variants, the most reasonable seems to be that in which thymallins are grouped into the same clade as coregonins and the lineage of salmonins occupied a basal position relative to this clade. The genera of Salmoninae formed two distinct clades, i.e., (Brachymystax, Hucho) and (Salmo, Parahucho, (Salvelinus, (Parasalmo, Oncorhynchus)). Furthermore, the genera Parasalmo and Oncorhynchus were reciprocally monophyletic. The congruence of Salmonidae phylogenetic trees obtained using different types of phylogenetic markers is discussed. According to Bayesian dating, ancestral lineages of salmonids and their sister esocoids diverged about 106 million years ago. Sometime after, probably 100–70 million years ago, the salmonid-specific whole genome duplication took place. The divergence of salmonid lineages on the genus level occurred much later, within the time interval of 42–20 million years ago. The main wave of the diversification of salmonids at the species level occurred during the last 12 million years. The possible effect of genome duplication on the Salmonidae diversification pattern is discussed

Data from: Phylogeny of salmonids (Salmoniformes: Salmonidae) and its molecular dating: analysis of nuclear RAG1 gene

The phylogenetic relationships among 26 species of salmonid fishes (family Salmonidae) were studied using the RAG1 gene as phylogenetic marker. No unambiguous relationships between thymallins, coregonins, and salmonins it was possible to establish. It seems likely, that divergence of these lineages took place during rather short time interval (about 3 to 4 million years). The thymallins are thought to be the first radiated lineage. The genera of the subfamily Salmoninae form two distinct monophyletic groups, represented by (1) Brachymystax and Hucho and (2) Salmo, Parahucho, Salvelinus, Parasalmo and Oncorhynchus. Ancestral forms of these two evolutionary lineages could diverge at the Oligocene-Miocene boundary (about 24 million years ago). It is suggested that diversification of the main lineages within the second group was rather rapid, and took place in middle Miocene (about 19-16 million years ago). Moreover, the lineages of Salvelinus, Parasalmo and Oncorhynchus were the latest to diverge. It seems likely that divergence of the Prosopium and Corergonus ancestral lineages occurred during the same time interval