Estrategia integral española de cultura para todos. Accesibilidad a la cultura para las personas con discapacidad

Estrategia Integral Española de Cultura para Todos La Estrategia Integral Española de Cultura para Todos, aprobada en Consejo de Ministros el 29 de Julio de 2011, está promovida por el Ministerio de Cultura y el Ministerio de Sanidad, Política Social e Igualdad. Partiendo de los principios de accesibilidad universal e inclusión aplicados al ámbito de la cultura y en base a la normativa española e internacional (el propio artículo 44 de la Constitución, la LIONDAU o la Convención) que reconoce el derecho de las personas con discapacidad a participar en la vida cultural en igualdad de condiciones que el resto de los ciudadanos, la Estrategia contempla una serie de medidas dirigidas a garantizar la plena participación del colectivo en las diferentes esferas culturales. Para ello integra aquellas actuaciones que ya están en marcha con otras nuevas, unificando los criterios de actuación en todos los espacios, acciones y servicios culturales gestionados por el Ministerio de Cultura y sus organismos autónomos. La Estrategia se compone de diez objetivos estratégicos a partir de los cuales se desarrollan de manera detallada todas las líneas de actuación propuestas. Para el seguimiento, supervisión y evaluación de la misma se ha creado reglamentariamente un órgano interministerial bajo el nombre de Foro de Cultura Inclusiva

Estrategia española sobre discapacidad 2012-2020

La Estrategia Española sobre Discapacidad 2012-2020, aprobada por el Gobierno el pasado octubre, sigue una directriz esencial: las actuaciones específicas en este terreno no son suficientes, sino que la discapacidad debe estar presente en cualquier acción pública de carácter general. El documento arranca con el diagnóstico de la situación actual de las personas con discapacidad y la definición de los principios inspiradores (no discriminación, vida independiente, normalización, accesibilidad y diseño universal, diálogo civil, transversalidad, participación, responsabilidad pública, integralidad, eficiencia, economía de la discapacidad, sensibilización y creatividad). En la segunda parte de la estrategia, se desarrollan tanto los objetivos estratégicos -inspirados en la Estrategia Europea 2020 y en el Programa Nacional de Reformas de España 2011- como las medidas que constituyen el plan de acción propiamente dicho, y que se concretan en los siguiente ámbitos de actuación: accesibilidad, empleo, educación y formación, pobreza y exclusión social, participación real y efectiva, igualdad y colectivos vulnerables, sanidad, acción exterior, información y nueva economía de la discapacidad. Estas medidas estratégicas se articularán y concretarán en dos planes de acción, correspondientes a los periodos 2012- 2015 y 2016-2020

Assessing positive mental health in people with chronic physical health problems: correlations with socio-demographic variables and physical health status

Background: A holistic perspective on health implies giving careful consideration to the relationship between physical and mental health. In this regard the present study sought to determine the level of Positive Mental Health (PMH) among people with chronic physical health problems, and to examine the relationship between the observed levels of PMH and both physical health status and socio-demographic variables. Methods: The study was based on the Multifactor Model of Positive Mental Health (Lluch, 1999), which comprises six factors: Personal Satisfaction (F1), Prosocial Attitude (F2), Self-control (F3), Autonomy (F4), Problem-solving and Self-actualization (F5), and Interpersonal Relationship Skills (F6). The sample comprised 259 adults with chronic physical health problems who were recruited through a primary care center in the province of Barcelona (Spain). Positive mental health was assessed by means of the Positive Mental Health Questionnaire (Lluch, 1999). Results: Levels of PMH differed, either on the global scale or on specific factors, in relation to the following variables: age: global PMH scores decreased with age (r=-0.129; p=0.038); b) gender: men scored higher on F1 (t=2.203; p=0.028) and F4 (t=3.182; p=0.002), while women scored higher on F2 (t -3.086; p=0.002) and F6 (t=-2.744; p=0.007); c) number of health conditions: the fewer the number of health problems the higher the PMH score on F5 (r=-0.146; p=0.019); d) daily medication: polymedication patients had lower PMH scores, both globally and on various factors; e) use of analgesics: occasional use of painkillers was associated with higher PMH scores on F1 (t=-2.811; p=0.006). There were no significant differences in global PMH scores according to the type of chronic health condition. The only significant difference in the analysis by factors was that patients with hypertension obtained lower PMH scores on the factor Autonomy (t=2.165; p=0.032). Conclusions: Most people with chronic physical health problems have medium or high levels of PMH. The variables that adversely affect PMH are old age, polypharmacy and frequent consumption of analgesics. The type of health problem does not influence the levels of PMH. Much more extensive studies with samples without chronic pathology are now required in order to be able to draw more robust conclusions

Psychometric behaviour of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) in the Spanish national health survey 2006

Background: The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is a tool to measure the risk for mental disorders in children. The aim of this study is to describe the diagnostic efficiency and internal structure of the SDQ in the sample of children studied in the Spanish National Health Survey 2006. Methods: A representative sample of 6,773 children aged 4 to 15 years was studied. The data were obtained using the Minors Questionnaire in the Spanish National Health Survey 2006. The ROC curve was constructed and calculations made of the area under the curve, sensitivity, specificity and the Youden J indices. The factorial structure was studied using models of exploratory factorial analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factorial analysis (CFA). Results: The prevalence of behavioural disorders varied between 0.47% and 1.18% according to the requisites of the diagnostic definition. The area under the ROC curve varied from 0.84 to 0.91 according to the diagnosis. Factor models were cross-validated by means of two different random subsamples for EFA and CFA. An EFA suggested a three correlated factor model. CFA confirmed this model. A five-factor model according to EFA and the theoretical five-factor model described in the bibliography were also confirmed. The reliabilities of the factors of the different models were acceptable (>0.70, except for one factor with reliability 0.62). Conclusions: The diagnostic behaviour of the SDQ in the Spanish population is within the working limits described in other countries. According to the results obtained in this study, the diagnostic efficiency of the questionnaire is adequate to identify probable cases of psychiatric disorders in low prevalence populations. Regarding the factorial structure we found that both the five and the three factor models fit the data with acceptable goodness of fit indexes, the latter including an externalization and internalization dimension and perhaps a meaningful positive social dimension. Accordingly, we recommend studying whether these differences depend on sociocultural factors or are, in fact, due to methodological questions