Mortalidad diferencial según el sexo en cataluña

ResumenEl objetivo del presente estudio es analizar la evolución de las tasas de mortalidad diferencial según el sexo en Cataluña, determinar cuáles son las causas de muerte que presentan mayores diferencias y comparar los resultados obtenidos en otros paísesSe han comparado las tasas estandarizadas de mortalidad (método directo) y las razones y diferencias de mortalidad entre sexos, utilizando datos de 1985 para permitir la comparación entre países.Los hombres han tenido una mortalidad más elevada por cáncer, accidentes y enfermedades digestivas. En las mujeres, la mortalidad más elevada ha sido para las enfermedades endocrinas, los trastornos mentales y las enfermedades cardiovasculares, de la piel, músculo-esqueléticas y aquéllas mal definidas La evolución de los últimos años muestra una relativa estabilización tras la tendencia al incremento mostrada en el período 1960 a 1979. En general, los hombres han tenido una tasa de mortalidad ajustada según la edad superior en un 60% respecto de las mujeres en los cuatro países con los que se han comparado los datos catalanes. El suicidio y los accidentes han mostrado la mayor razón de mortalidad, siendo alrededor de tres en esos países. La diabetes ha tenido una razón de mortalidad diferente en España y Cataluña respecto del resto de países (Japón, EE.UU., Inglaterra). Las causas de muerte con mayor mortalidad masculina, han sido los accidentes y las asociadas con el consumo de cigarrillos (cáncer de pulmón y enfermedades coronarias).SummaryThe purpose of the study is to analyse the evolution of sex differentials in mortality rates in Catalonia (Spain), to assess which causes of death have the higher differentials and to compare the results with other countries.Standardized mortality rates (direct method), sex mortality ratios and differences were obtained. Mortality data refers to 1985 to allow for comparison.Men had higher mortality than women, for cancer, accidents and diseases of the digestive tract. Women had higher mortality rates for endocrine diseases, mental disorders, cardiovascular, skin and muscle-skeleton diseases and ill-defined causes. The evolution in recent years shows a relative stabilization after an increasing trend observed from 1960 to 1979. In general, men had a 60% higher than women age-adjusted mortality rates in the four countries to which Catalonia is compared. Suicide and accidents showed the highest sex mortality ratios. Diabetes showed a different ratio in Catalonia and Spain (higher female mortality rate) compared to other countries. The causes of death with higher male mortality were accidents, as well as causes associated with smoking (lung cancer and dischemic heart disease)

Epidemiología de la leishmaniosis humana en España.

Introducción: La leishmaniosis es una enfermedad parasitaria de transmisión vectorial endémica en muchos lugares del mundo. Es debida a un protozoo intracelular del género Leishmania, y se transmite mediante la picadura de hembras del género Phlebotomus. Existen más de dos docenas de Leishmania que pueden afectar a humanos, causando sintomatología tanto cutánea como visceral. Objetivos: El objetivo principal de este trabajo es realizar una revisión bibliográfica sobre la Leishmaniosis en España y actualización epidemiológica. Metodología: Se trata de una revisión bibliográfica. La búsqueda se llevó a cabo a través de las bases de datos bases de datos MEDLINE, The Cochrane Library, Embase y Web of Science. esultados y discusión: Tras el análisis de la bibliografía, se ha visto que la leishmaniosis en España es una enfermedad de carácter zoonótico que ha ido en aumento a lo largo de los años. La especie endémica en España es Leishmania infantum. El reservorio principal es el perro, aunque también se han visto otros mamíferos, dependiendo de la especie de Leishmania. En humanos produce tanto formas clínicas cutáneas como viscerales. A partir de 1996 se declaró Enfermedad de declaración Obligatoria. La incidencia de Leishmania en pacientes VIH era muy elevada, pero la llegada de TARGA provocó una disminución, mejorando la vida de estos pacientes. En 2010, hubo el mayor brote de leishmaniosis en la Comunidad de Madrid, lo que llevó a una mayor vigilancia de esta enfermedad en todo el territorio nacional. Hoy en día la leishmaniosis sigue en aumento en la zona del Mediterráneo, siendo la Comunidad Valenciana la comunidad con más casos hasta ahora. Conclusión: La leishmaniosis está distribuida por toda España y durante todo el año. La notificación de su evolución ha ido en aumento con los años. Se han encontrado nuevos reservorios, como liebres o ratas. Se trata de una enfermedad multifactorial. Para poder controlar la enfermedad en España, se necesita la vigilancia de todos los elementos que participan en su ciclo

La capacitat en el dret civil

Treballs Finals de Grau de Dret. Universitat de Barcelona. Curs: 2017-2018. Tutor: Arnau Raventós, Lídi

Dictamen jurídic de dret de successions

Treballs Finals del Màster d'Advocacia, Facultat de Dret, Universitat de Barcelona, Curs: 2020-2021, Tutor: Gramunt Fombuena, M. Dolor

Antibodies against the flotillin-1/2 complex in patients with multiple sclerosis

Lleixa and Caballero-avila et al. report that antibodies targeting the flotillin-1/2 complex are present in a subgroup of patients with multiple sclerosis. Further studies are needed to understand the clinical and pathological relevance of anti-flotillin-1/2 autoantibodies in multiple sclerosis. Multiple sclerosis is a tissue-specific autoimmune disease of the central nervous system in which the antigen(s) remains elusive. Antibodies targeting the flotillin-1/2 complex have been described in 1-2% of the patients in a recent study. Other candidate antigens as anoctamin-2 or neurofascin-155 have been previously described in multiple sclerosis patients, although their clinical relevance remains uncertain. Our study aims to analyse the frequency and clinical relevance of antibodies against neurofascin-155, anoctamin-2 and flotillin-1/2 complex in multiple sclerosis. Serum (n = 252) and CSF (n = 50) samples from 282 multiple sclerosis patients were included in the study. The control group was composed of 260 serum samples (71 healthy donors and 189 with other neuroinflammatory disorders). Anti-flotillin-1/2, anti-anoctamin-2 and anti-neurofascin-155 antibodies were tested by cell-based assays using transfected cells. We identified six multiple sclerosis patients with antibodies against the flotillin-1/2 complex (2.1%) and one multiple sclerosis patient with antibodies against anoctamin-2 (0.35%). All multiple sclerosis patients were negative for anti-neurofascin-155 antibodies. Three of the anti-flotillin-1/2 positive patients showed anti-flotillin-1/2 positivity in other serum samples extracted at different moments of their disease. Immunoglobulin G subclasses of anti-flotillin-1/2 antibodies were predominantly one and three. We confirm that antibodies targeting the flotillin-1/2 complex are present in a subgroup of patients with multiple sclerosis. Further studies are needed to understand the clinical and pathological relevance of anti-flotillin-1/2 autoantibodies in multiple sclerosis

Real-world effectiveness of caplacizumab vs the standard of care in immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

Immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) is a thrombotic microangiopathy caused by anti-ADAMTS13 antibodies. Caplacizumab is approved for adults with an acute episode of iTTP in conjunction with plasma exchange (PEX) and immunosuppression. The objective of this study was to analyze and compare the safety and efficacy of caplacizumab vs the standard of care and assess the effect of the concomitant use of rituximab. A retrospective study from the Spanish TTP Registry of patients treated with caplacizumab vs those who did not receive it was conducted. A total of 155 patients with iTTP (77 caplacizumab, 78 no caplacizumab) were included. Patients initially treated with caplacizumab had fewer exacerbations (4.5% vs 20.5%; P <.05) and less refractoriness (4.5% vs 14.1%; P <.05) than those who were not treated. Time to clinical response was shorter when caplacizumab was used as initial treatment vs caplacizumab used after refractoriness or exacerbation. The multivariate analysis showed that its use in the first 3 days after PEX was associated with a lower number of PEX (odds ratio, 7.5; CI, 2.3-12.7; P <.05) and days of hospitalization (odds ratio, 11.2; CI, 5.6-16.9; P <.001) compared with standard therapy. There was no difference in time to clinical remission in patients treated with caplacizumab compared with the use of rituximab. No severe adverse event was described in the caplacizumab group. In summary, caplacizumab reduced exacerbations and refractoriness compared with standard of care regimens. When administered within the first 3 days after PEX, it also provided a faster clinical response, reducing hospitalization time and the need for PEX

Real-world effectiveness of caplacizumab vs the standard of care in immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

Immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) is a thrombotic microangiopathy caused by anti-ADAMTS13 antibodies. Caplacizumab is approved for adults with an acute episode of iTTP in conjunction with plasma exchange (PEX) and immunosuppression. The objective of this study was to analyze and compare the safety and efficacy of caplacizumab vs the standard of care and assess the effect of the concomitant use of rituximab. A retrospective study from the Spanish TTP Registry of patients treated with caplacizumab vs those who did not receive it was conducted. A total of 155 patients with iTTP (77 caplacizumab, 78 no caplacizumab) were included. Patients initially treated with caplacizumab had fewer exacerbations (4.5% vs 20.5%; P < .05) and less refractoriness (4.5% vs 14.1%; P < .05) than those who were not treated. Time to clinical response was shorter when caplacizumab was used as initial treatment vs caplacizumab used after refractoriness or exacerbation. The multivariate analysis showed that its use in the first 3 days after PEX was associated with a lower number of PEX (odds ratio, 7.5; CI, 2.3-12.7; P < .05) and days of hospitalization (odds ratio, 11.2; CI, 5.6-16.9; P < .001) compared with standard therapy. There was no difference in time to clinical remission in patients treated with caplacizumab compared with the use of rituximab. No severe adverse event was described in the caplacizumab group. In summary, caplacizumab reduced exacerbations and refractoriness compared with standard of care regimens. When administered within the first 3 days after PEX, it also provided a faster clinical response, reducing hospitalization time and the need for PEX

Anys potencials de vida perduts: comparació de tres mètodes de càlcul

En l’estudi es comparen dos mètodes de càlcul dels Anys Potencials de Vida Perduts (de 0 a 65 anys i d'1 a 70 anys) amb un tercer (de 0 anys a Ev), considerat a priori el més adequat; al mateix temps es vol corroborar que els APVP són un indicador complementari a la taxa crua de mortalitat. Els resultats mostren que els tumors són la primera causa de mort en tots tres mètodes, però a partir del segón lloc l'ordenació varia. A més s'observen diferències en relació amb la taxa crua, ja que els APVP informen sobre les causes de mort dels grups més joves de la població. El mètode considerat menys arbitrari és el de O-Ev i per tant recomanem la seva elecció pel càlcul dels APVP