A critical view on the current use of daptomycin in Spain: The daptomise study

Background: The Study on the Clinical Use of DAPTOMycin in Spain (DAPTOMISE Study) is a national surveillance program of daptomycin use. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the current variability in daptomycin consumption across the different hospitals and the adequacy of therapy, specially focused on underdosing. Methods: All adult and pediatric patients who received, at least, one dose of daptomycin in a single week in 98 institutions in Spain were included. The adequacy of daptomycin use was evaluated with respect to the indication, dosage, adjustments after microbiology results, switching to an oral agent and length of treatment. Results: A total of 615 patients received daptomycin during the study week. The prevalence use was 2.3 patients / 100,000 inhabitants per week, 12.4 patients / 1000 admissions and 9.2 Days of Therapy (DOT) / 1000 hospital stays. These rates varied between hospitals: from 0 to 13.9 patients / 100,000 inhabitants, from 0 to 76.1 patients / 1000 admissions and from 0 to 49.4 DOT / 1000 hospital stays. The most frequent infections were bacteremia (31.6 %) and skin and soft tissue infections (17.9 %). Microbiological results were available in only 65.4 % of infections. The most frequent microorganisms were Staphylococcus aureus (192 isolates, of which 87 were resistant to methicillin) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (124 isolates). A total of 136 prescriptions (22.1 %) were underdosed. Dosages < 8 mg/kg were used for 35.6 % of endovascular infections and for 26.2 % of osteoarticular infections. Overall, 57.2 % of prescriptions were not optimal in, at least, one item. Clinical cure rate was 76.1% and mortality attributable to the infection 8.1%. Conclusion: This is the first registry that identifies the prevalence of use of daptomycin in Spain and shows a high variability in the consumption between the different hospitals. Daptomycin underdosing was present in more than 20 % of cases. (c) 2023 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Effect of the type of surgical indication on mortality in patients with infective endocarditis who are rejected for surgical intervention

AIM: To evaluate the effect of the type of surgical indication on mortality in infective endocarditis (IE) patients who are rejected for surgery. METHODS AND RESULTS: From January 2008 to December 2016, 2714 patients with definite left-sided IE were attended in the participating hospitals. One thousand six hundred and fifty-three patients (60.9%) presented surgical indications. Five hundred and thirty-eight patients (32.5%) presented surgical indications but received medical treatment alone. The indications for surgery in these patients were uncontrolled infection (366 patients, 68%), heart failure (168 patients, 31.3%) and prevention of embolism (148 patients, 27.6%). One hundred and thirty patients (24.2%) presented more than one indication. The mortality during hospital admission was 60% (323 patients). The in-hospital mortality of patients whose indication for surgery was heart failure, uncontrolled infection or risk of embolism was 75.6%, 61.4% and 54.7%, respectively (p?<?0.001). Surgical indications due to heart failure (OR: 3.24; CI 95%: 1.99-5.9) or uncontrolled infection (OR: 1.83; CI 95%: 1.04-3.18) were independently associated with a fatal outcome during hospital admission. Mortality during the first year was 75.4%. The mortality during the first year in patients whose indication for surgery was heart failure, uncontrolled infection or risk of embolism was 85.9%, 76.7% and 72.7%, respectively (p?=?0.016). Surgical indication due to heart failure (OR: 3.03; CI 95%: 1.53-5.98) were independently associated with fatal outcome during the first year. CONCLUSIONS: The type of surgical indication is associated with mortality in IE patients who are rejected for surgical intervention

Implementación de una programa para el control del uso de antifúngicos en un hospital general universitario ("Antifungal stewardship")

El consumo inapropiado de antifúngicos ha contribuido en años recientes al incremento global de la resistencia antifúngica y ha jugado un papel importante en los cambios epidemiológicos y en la etiología de las infecciones fúngicas. Además, el sobreuso de antifúngicos conlleva un riesgo de toxicidad asociada a los mismos y un muy significativo aumento en el gasto sanitario. Los programas de control del uso de antifúngicos consisten en intervenciones multidisciplinares, lideradas por especialistas en enfermedades infecciosas, microbiología clínica y farmacia, que establecen redes de cooperación y comunicación con los principales servicios prescriptores, con el fin de optimizar el tratamiento antifúngico y el manejo de las infecciones fúngicas invasivas. Sin embargo, la experiencia en el desarrollo de programas de optimización del uso de antifúngicos es muy limitada, pues la mayoría de los esfuerzos se han centrado en el control de los antibacterianos..

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in heart transplant recipients: two radiologic patterns with a different prognosis

Background Computed tomography (CT) findings can be used to classify invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in 2 patterns: airway-invasive (AIR) or angioinvasive (ANG). Methods AIR-IPA was considered when the CT revealed peribronchial consolidation or a tree-in-bud pattern and ANG-IPA when a nodule, cavity, halo sign, infarct-shaped, or mass-like consolidation was found. We evaluated the correlation among IPA patterns on CT and outcomes in heart transplant (HT) recipients. Results The study included 27 HT recipients with a CT scan performed at the time of IPA diagnosis. The study interval was from 1988 to 2011. Ten AIR-IPA patients (37.1%) were compared with 17 ANG-IPA patients (62.9%). During the post-transplantation period before IPA developed, AIR patients required hemodialysis more frequently (40% vs 5.9%, p = 0.04). AIR patients also had more intercurrent bacterial pneumonia (23.5% vs 70%, p < 0.001), and IPA was diagnosed later after onset of symptoms (2.7 vs 8.5 d, p = 0.09). After diagnosis, AIR-IPA patients required more mechanical ventilation (23.5% vs 90%, p < 0.01) and had a higher related mortality rate (23.5% vs 70%, p = 0.04). Conclusions Our study shows that the AIR pattern represents 37% of IPA episodes in HT recipients and is associated with a more protracted clinical presentation, later diagnosis, and higher mortality rate.6.650 JCR (2014) Q1, 9/123 Cardiac & cardiovascular systems, 6/57 Respiratory system, 3/198 Surgery, 1/25 TransplantationUE

Troponin elevation is very common in patients with infective endocarditis and is associated with a poor outcome

Introduction We sought to study the prevalence of cardiac troponin T (TnT) elevation in patients with infective endocarditis (IE) and its association with in-hospital outcomes. Methods and results Retrospective single-center study. From 2008 to 2018, 528 patients were diagnosed with IE and 250 (47.3%) had at least a TnT determination during hospital admission, 103 with conventional TnT assay and 147 with high-sensitive assay. Elevated TnT levels were found in 210 patients (84.0%). Compared with patients with normal TnT levels, patients with TnT elevation presented higher in-hospital mortality (5 [12.5%] vs. 77 [36.7%], p < 0.001) and more frequent complications: heart failure (9 [22.5%] vs. 106 [50.5%], p < 0.001), cardiac abscesses (4 [10.0%] vs 58 [27.6%], p = 0.03), conduction disorders (0 vs. 26 [12,4%]; p = 0.04), and involvement of the central nervous system (1 [2.5%] vs. 38 [18.1%];p = 0.02). Patients with elevated TnT had more frequent indication for surgery (24 [60.0%] vs. 179 [85.2%], p < 0.001) and were operated on more frequently (16 [40.0%] vs 123 [58.6%], p = 0.03). TnT elevation was an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality (OR 3.31; 95% CI 1.02–10.72, p = 0.05). Adding TnT data to conventional clinical models improved the predictive capability of in-hospital mortality (R2: 0.407 vs. 0.388, χ2: 85.03 vs. 80.40, p < 0.001), resulting in a net reclassification improvement of 0.29 (95% CI: 0.13–0.46, p < 0.01). Conclusions TnT elevation is very common in patients with IE and is associated with increased in-hospital mortality and complications, thus routine monitoring should be recommended.Sin financiación4.164 JCR (2020) Q2, 56/142 Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems1.406 SJR (2020) Q1, 62/349 Cardiology and Cardiovascular MedicineNo data IDR 2020UE

Infective endocarditis in patients with heart transplantation

Background The incidence of nosocomial and health care-related infective endocarditis (IE) is increasing. Heart transplantation (HT) implies immunosuppression and frequent health care contact. Our aim was to describe the current profile and prognosis of IE in HT recipients. Methods Multicenter retrospective registry-based study in Spain and France that included cases between 2008 and 2019. Results During the study period, 8305 HT were performed in Spain and France. We identified 18 IE cases (rate 0.2%). Median age was 57 years; 12 were men (67%). Valve involvement did not have a predominant location and three patients (16.7%) had atrial or ventricular vegetations without valve involvement. The median age-adjusted Charlson index was 4 (interquartile range 3–5). Eleven IE cases (61%) were nosocomial/health care-related. Median time (range) between HT and development of IE was 43 months (interquartile range 6–104). The major pathogens were Staphylococcus sp. (n = 8, 44%), Enterococcus sp. (n = 4, 22%), and Aspergillus sp. (n = 3, 17%). Although eight patients (44%) had a surgical indication, it was only performed in three cases (17%). Three patients (17%) died during the first IE hospital admission. Conclusions IE in HT recipients has specific characteristics. Valve involvement does not have a predominant location and non-valvular involvement is common. Three fifths have a nosocomial/health care-related origin. The major pathogens were staphylococci (44%), enterococci (22%), and Aspergillus (17%). In-hospital mortality was 17%.Sin financiación4.164 JCR (2020) Q2, 56/142 Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems1.406 SJR (2020) Q1, 62/349 Cardiology and Cardiovascular MedicineNo data IDR 2020UE

Infective endocarditis in patients with solid organ transplantation: a nationwide descriptive study

Background Solid organ transplantation (SOT) implies immunosuppression and frequent health care contact. Our aim was to compare the characteristics of patients with infective endocarditis (IE) and SOT against those without SOT. Methods We used data from the Spanish Collaboration on Endocarditis during the period 2008-2018. Results We identified 4794 cases of IE, 85 (1.8%) in SOT (56 kidney, 18 liver, 8 heart, 3 lung). Thirteen patients with other transplantation types (bone marrow, hematopoietic precursors, and cornea) were excluded from the analysis. Compared with patients without SOT, patients with SOT had lower median age (61 vs. 69 years, p<0.001), more comorbidities (mean age-adjusted Charlson index 5.7±2.9 vs. 4.9±2.9, p=0.004), a lower prevalence of native valvular heart disease (29.4 vs. 45.4%, p=0.003), more in-hospital and healthcare-related IE (70.5% vs. 36.3%, p<0.001) and staphylococcal etiology (57.7% vs. 39.7%, p=0.001). Patients with SOT had more frequent kidney function worsening (47.1% vs. 34.6%, p=0.02), septic shock (25.9% vs. 12.1 %, p<0.001), sepsis (27.1% vs. 17.2%, p=0.02), and less surgery indication (54.1% vs 66.3%, p=0.02) and surgery (32.9% vs. 46.3%, p=0.01) than patients without SOT. There were no significant differences in mortality: inhospital (30.6% SOT vs. 25.6% without SOT, p=0.31), 1-year (38.8% SOT vs. 31.9% without SOT, p=0.18). Conclusions Most IE in SOT recipients are nosocomial and over 70% are health care-related. Half have previously normal heart valves and almost 60% are due to Staphylococcus spp. infections. Mortality seems to be similar to non-SOT counterparts.Sin financiación4.624 JCR (2020) Q1, 37/167 Medicine, General & Internal0.894 SJR (2020) Q2, 46/131 Internal MedicineNo data IDR 2020UE

Infective endocarditis in patients with heart transplantation

International audienceBackground: The incidence of nosocomial and health care-related infective endocarditis (IE) is increasing. Heart transplantation (HT) implies immunosuppression and frequent health care contact. Our aim was to describe the current profile and prognosis of IE in HT recipients.Methods: Multicenter retrospective registry-based study in Spain and France that included cases between 2008 and 2019.Results: During the study period, 8305 HT were performed in Spain and France. We identified 18 IE cases (rate 0.2%). Median age was 57 years; 12 were men (67%). Valve involvement did not have a predominant location and three patients (16.7%) had atrial or ventricular vegetations without valve involvement. The median age-adjusted Charlson index was 4 (interquartile range 3-5). Eleven IE cases (61%) were nosocomial/health care-related. Median time (range) between HT and development of IE was 43 months (interquartile range 6-104). The major pathogens were Staphylococcus sp. (n = 8, 44%), Enterococcus sp. (n = 4, 22%), and Aspergillus sp. (n = 3, 17%). Although eight patients (44%) had a surgical indication, it was only performed in three cases (17%). Three patients (17%) died during the first IE hospital admission.Conclusions: IE in HT recipients has specific characteristics. Valve involvement does not have a predominant location and non-valvular involvement is common. Three fifths have a nosocomial/health care-related origin. The major pathogens were staphylococci (44%), enterococci (22%), and Aspergillus (17%). In-hospital mortality was 17%

Risk factors of pericardial effusion in native valve infective endocarditis and its influence on outcome: A multicenter prospective cohort study

Background Pericardial effusion is a frequent finding in the setting of infective endocarditis. Limited data exists on clinical characteristics and outcomes in this group of patients. We aimed to determine the associated factors, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of patients who had pericardial effusion and native valve infective endocarditis. Methods and results A total of 1205 episodes of infective endocarditis from 25 Spanish centers between June 2007 and March 2013 within the Spanish Collaboration on Endocarditis (GAMES) registry were included. Echocardiogram at admission, clinical and microbiological variables, and one-year follow-up were analyzed. Pericardial effusion was observed in 7.8% (94/1205 episodes) of episodes of infective endocarditis, most of them being mild or moderate (93.6%). The presence of pericardial effusion was associated with a higher risk of heart failure during admission (OR 1.9; CI 95% 1.2–3.0). Patients with pericardial effusion had a higher rate of surgery (53.2% vs. 41.1%; p = 0.02); however, this association was no longer significant after adjusting for possible confounders (OR 1.4; CI 95% 0.9–2.2; p = 0.10). The presence of pericardial effusion was not associated with a higher in-hospital or one-year mortality (33.0% vs. 25.2%; p = 0.10 and 40.2% vs. 37.3%; p = 0.60 respectively). Conclusions The prevalence of pericardial effusion in patients with infective endocarditis was lower than previously reported. The presence of pericardial effusion is associated with the development of heart failure during hospitalization making it a warning sign, possibly reflecting indirectly a mechanical complication, which, however, if treated surgically in a timely manner does not change the final outcome of patients.Sin financiación3.471 JCR (2018) Q2, 48/136 Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems0.990 SJR (2018) Q2, 91/365 Cardiology and Cardiovascular MedicineNo data IDR 2018UE

Utility of 1,3 β-d-Glucan Assay for Guidance in Antifungal Stewardship Programs for Oncologic Patients and Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

The implementation of 1,3 β-d-glucan (BDG) has been proposed as a diagnostic tool in antifungal stewardship programs (ASPs). We aimed to analyze the influence of serum BDG in an ASP for oncologic patients and solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. We conducted a pre–post study. In the initial period (PRE), the ASP was based on bedside advice, and this was complemented with BDG in the post-period (POST). Performance parameters of the BDG assay were determined. Antifungal (AF) use adequacy was evaluated using a point score. Clinical outcomes and AF costs were also compared before and after the intervention. Overall, 85 patients were included in the PRE-period and 112 in the POST-period. Probable or proven fungal infections were similar in both groups (54.1% vs. 57.1%; p = 0.67). The determination of BDG contributed to improved management in 75 of 112 patients (66.9%). The AF adequacy score improved in the POST-period (mean 7.75 vs. 9.29; p < 0.001). Median days of empiric AF treatment was reduced in the POST-period (9 vs. 5 days, p = 0.04). All-cause mortality (44.7% vs. 34.8%; p = 0.16) was similar in both periods. The cost of AF treatments was reduced in the POST-period with a difference of 779.6 €/patient. Our data suggest that the use of BDG was a cost-effective strategy that contributed to safely improving the results of an ASP for SOT and oncologic patients