12 research outputs found
Role of spin-orbit coupling and hybridization effects in the electronic structure of ultrathin Bi films
金沢大学理学部金沢大学大学院自然科学研究科計算科学The electronic structure of Bi(001) ultrathin films (thickness 7 bilayers) on Si(111)-7×7 was studied by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and first-principles calculations. In contrast with the semimetallic nature of bulk Bi, both the experiment and theory demonstrate the metallic character of the films with the Fermi surface formed by spin-orbit-split surface states (SSs) showing little thickness dependence. Below the Fermi level, we clearly detected quantum well states (QWSs) at the M̄ point, which were surprisingly found to be non-spin-orbit split; the films are "electronically symmetric" despite the obvious structural nonequivalence of the top and bottom interfaces. We found that the SSs hybridize with the QWSs near M̄ and lose their spin-orbit-split character. © 2006 The American Physical Society
LONG-TERM RESULTS OF LUNG METASTASECTOMY: PROGNOSTIC ANALYSES BASED ON 5206 CASES
Objectives: The International Registry of Lung Metastases was established
in 1991 to assess the long-term results of pulmonary lnetastasectomy. Methods:
The Registry has accrued 5206 cases of lung metastasectomy, from 18
departments of thoracic surgery in Europe (n = 13), the United States (n = 4)
and Canada (n = 1). Of these patients, 4572 (88%) underwent complete
surgical resection. The primary tumor was epithelial in 2260 cases, sarcoma in
2173, germ cell in 363, and melanoma in 328. The disease-free interval was 0
to 11 months in 2199 cases, 12 to 35 months in 1857, and more than 36 months
in 1620. Single metastases accounted for 2383 cases and multiple lesions for
2726. Mean follow-up was 46 months. Analysis was performed by Kaplan-
Meier estimates of survival, relative risks of death, and multivariate Cox
model. Results: The actuarial survival after complete metastasectomy was 36%
at 5 years, 26% at 10 years, and 22% at 15 years (median 35 months); the
corresponding values for incomplete resection were 113% at 5 years and 7% at
10 years (median 15 months). Among complete resections, the 5-year survival
was 33% for patients with a disease-free interval of 0 to 11 months and 45% for
those with a disease-free interval of more than 36 months; 43% for single
lesions and 27% for four or more lesions. Multivariate analysis showed a better
prognosis for patients with germ cell tumors, disease-free intervals of 36
months or more, and single metastases. Conclusions: These results confirm
that lung metastasectomy is a safe and potentially curative procedure. Resectability,
disease-free interval, and number of metastases enabled us to design a
simple system of classification valid for different tumor types
LONG-TERM RESULTS OF LUNG METASTASECTOMY: PROGNOSTIC ANALYSES BASED ON 5206 CASES
Objectives: The International Registry of Lung Metastases was established
in 1991 to assess the long-term results of pulmonary lnetastasectomy. Methods:
The Registry has accrued 5206 cases of lung metastasectomy, from 18
departments of thoracic surgery in Europe (n = 13), the United States (n = 4)
and Canada (n = 1). Of these patients, 4572 (88%) underwent complete
surgical resection. The primary tumor was epithelial in 2260 cases, sarcoma in
2173, germ cell in 363, and melanoma in 328. The disease-free interval was 0
to 11 months in 2199 cases, 12 to 35 months in 1857, and more than 36 months
in 1620. Single metastases accounted for 2383 cases and multiple lesions for
2726. Mean follow-up was 46 months. Analysis was performed by Kaplan-
Meier estimates of survival, relative risks of death, and multivariate Cox
model. Results: The actuarial survival after complete metastasectomy was 36%
at 5 years, 26% at 10 years, and 22% at 15 years (median 35 months); the
corresponding values for incomplete resection were 113% at 5 years and 7% at
10 years (median 15 months). Among complete resections, the 5-year survival
was 33% for patients with a disease-free interval of 0 to 11 months and 45% for
those with a disease-free interval of more than 36 months; 43% for single
lesions and 27% for four or more lesions. Multivariate analysis showed a better
prognosis for patients with germ cell tumors, disease-free intervals of 36
months or more, and single metastases. Conclusions: These results confirm
that lung metastasectomy is a safe and potentially curative procedure. Resectability,
disease-free interval, and number of metastases enabled us to design a
simple system of classification valid for different tumor types
The evolutionary ecology of fatty-acid variation : Implications for consumer adaptation and diversification
The nutritional diversity of resources can affect the adaptive evolution of consumer metabolism and consumer diversification. The omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) have a high potential to affect consumer fitness, through their widespread effects on reproduction, growth and survival. However, few studies consider the evolution of fatty acid metabolism within an ecological context. In this review, we first document the extensive diversity in both primary producer and consumer fatty acid distributions amongst major ecosystems, between habitats and amongst species within habitats. We highlight some of the key nutritional contrasts that can shape behavioural and/or metabolic adaptation in consumers, discussing how consumers can evolve in response to the spatial, seasonal and community-level variation of resource quality. We propose a hierarchical trait-based approach for studying the evolution of consumers' metabolic networks and review the evolutionary genetic mechanisms underpinning consumer adaptation to EPA and DHA distributions. In doing so, we consider how the metabolic traits of consumers are hierarchically structured, from cell membrane function to maternal investment, and have strongly environment-dependent expression. Finally, we conclude with an outlook on how studying the metabolic adaptation of consumers within the context of nutritional landscapes can open up new opportunities for understanding evolutionary diversification
Design concepts for the Cherenkov Telescope Array CTA: An advanced facility for ground-based high-energy gamma-ray astronomy
Ground-based gamma-ray astronomy has had a major breakthrough with the impressive results obtained using systems of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. Ground-based gamma-ray astronomy has a huge potential in astrophysics, particle physics and cosmology. CTA is an international initiative to build the next generation instrument, with a factor of 5-10 improvement in sensitivity in the 100 GeV-10 TeV range and the extension to energies well below 100 GeV and above 100 TeV. CTA will consist of two arrays (one in the north, one in the south) for full sky coverage and will be operated as open observatory. The design of CTA is based on currently available technology. This document reports on the status and presents the major design concepts of CTA. © 2011 The Author(s)