初回基礎看護学実習で看護学生が観察した看護活動

看護学生が初めての臨地実習で，看護師の看護活動内容の観察と，看護活動を通しての学びについて，学生のレポートを分析した．その結果，学生は実習時間内で，勤務している看護師の行動を中心に観察している．そのため，患者に看護師がどのように関わりをもっているのかまでは，観察できていなかった．さらに看護活動を観察することから学んだことは，看護を実施するには多様な能力が必要であることを重点的に学習していた．この学びからは，看護師が学生の臨床モデルとなり，看護についての考えを深める意義をもっている．This study involved analysing reports from students pertaining to what they learned from observing nurses’ nursing activities during their first practical training, as well as through their own nursing activities. As a result of this analysis, the following can be inferred. Students mainly observe the actions of nurses on duty during the hours of the students’ practical courses. Because of this, they were not able to fully observe the ways in which nurses interact with patients. They also learned intensively from observing nursing activities that a diverse range of skills is needed to actually provide nursing care. This shows that nurses provide a clinical model for students, and has the significance to further consideration of nursing

海外渡航者の医療に関する講義

今日，海外旅行や海外赴任者・移住者は年々増加の傾向を示している．これらの人々に対し，看護はどのような役割を担い，看護を提供することができるのかについて検討していく必要がある． 今後，海外にでかける，海外で生活する人々に対する医療や看護について教授する一助として，A大学の看護学生に行った海外渡航者の医療に関する講義から，学生が何を学んだかとして記述したレポートを分析した．その結果，学生はこの科目を履修することにより海外渡航者として必要な知識を学習し，そこにおける看護の重要性について学んでいた．今後，学生が海外渡航者の医療や看護に対して，さらに認識や知識を深めるとともに，看護の視野を拡大できるように授業内容を検討することが必要である．The number of Japanese people who take tours overseas, are stationed in overseas offices, or who emigrate to other countries has recently been increasing, year by year. This study was intended to shed light on what roles nurses can play and what kinds of nursing services they can provide to these people. The author recently analyzed reports submitted by A University nursing students after they had received classroom lessons about medical care for overseas travelers. The goal of the analysis was to obtain hints about how to teach students about medical and nursing care for people who are going to take tours overseas or live in other countries. The analysis revealed that attending these lessons had enabled the students to expand their knowledge of overseas travel and to learn the importance to these people of nursing care. The results suggest that it is necessary to select lecture topics carefully with a view to facilitating expansion of the students' mental horizons concerning nursing, so that what the students learn will be of great help when they work in the internationalized community that is now emerging across the world

海外渡航者の医療に関する講義

今日，海外旅行や海外赴任者・移住者は年々増加の傾向を示している．これらの人々に対し，看護はどのような役割を担い，看護を提供することができるのかについて検討していく必要がある． 今後，海外にでかける，海外で生活する人々に対する医療や看護について教授する一助として，A大学の看護学生に行った海外渡航者の医療に関する講義から，学生が何を学んだかとして記述したレポートを分析した．その結果，学生はこの科目を履修することにより海外渡航者として必要な知識を学習し，そこにおける看護の重要性について学んでいた．今後，学生が海外渡航者の医療や看護に対して，さらに認識や知識を深めるとともに，看護の視野を拡大できるように授業内容を検討することが必要である．The number of Japanese people who take tours overseas, are stationed in overseas offices, or who emigrate to other countries has recently been increasing, year by year. This study was intended to shed light on what roles nurses can play and what kinds of nursing services they can provide to these people. The author recently analyzed reports submitted by A University nursing students after they had received classroom lessons about medical care for overseas travelers. The goal of the analysis was to obtain hints about how to teach students about medical and nursing care for people who are going to take tours overseas or live in other countries. The analysis revealed that attending these lessons had enabled the students to expand their knowledge of overseas travel and to learn the importance to these people of nursing care. The results suggest that it is necessary to select lecture topics carefully with a view to facilitating expansion of the students' mental horizons concerning nursing, so that what the students learn will be of great help when they work in the internationalized community that is now emerging across the world

基礎看護学実習で認知した臨床看護

１年次の看護学生におこなった基礎看護学実習において，今後の実習のあり方を検討するために，学生が臨床の看護をどのように認知したかについて，学生のレポートを分析した．学生の臨床の看護に関する認知は，ナイチンゲールやヘンダーソンがいう看護のメタパラダイムに焦点化して看護をとらえていることが明らかとなった．看護学概説の統合として位置づけられるこの実習から，学生は理論を通して看護の実践場面をみることができており，知識を統合する実習として有効であると判断できた．First-year nursing students practiced nursing in a clinical setting during their first clinical training experience. After the training experience, the students submitted a report on how they found clinical nursing. The author analyzed their reports to investigate how the students perceived nursing in a clinical setting, with the goal of improving methods of clinical training. The analysis revealed that the students tended to view nursing from a point of view similar to the meta-paradigm proposed by two theoreticians of nursing, Nightingale and Henderson. The students achieved the target of clinical training, i.e., the opportunity to make a link between clinical practice and the knowledge about nursing they had learned in the classroom. The current clinical training experience was thus judged to be valid

看護学生の看護の認識

看護学生は入学初期から学習する看護学や，日常生活の中で多様な体験や経験を積むことにより，看護に対する見方・考え方を変えながら，自らの看護観を形成していく．今回，看護学生が入学時と，１年間看護学やその関連科目，教養科目などを学習した１年終了時における看護の見方・考え方について学生の記述内容を分析した．その結果，看護学生は入学後１年間の学習や経験などが加味され，看護に関する認識を新たにしたり深めたりしていた．この認識の変化には，専門科目である看護学概論や看護理論の影響が大きいと考えられた．なぜならば看護学生は，１年間に学習した看護学概論や看護理論の科目の中で捉えた看護の考え方をベースに看護の認識を深めていた．Nursing students develop their own view of nursing through learning of nursing and accumulating diverse experiences during daily living after entering nursing school. The present study was undertaken to analyze the result of the descriptive survey designed to investigate changes in the students awareness of nursing during the first year of the nursing school (i.e., after one year of learning nursing, nursing-related subjects and subjects for general education). This survey revealed that the nursing students accumulated knowledge and experience and deepened thir awareness of nursing during the one year period. These changes in their awareness seem to be particularly related to education of nursing-specific subjects (introduction and theories of nursing). The students deepened their awareness of nursing on the basis of the views they learned from these nursing-specific subjects

フクシ キョウイク ニオケル HBV カンセンシャ リカイ ノ ガクシュウ コウカ

国によって引き起こされた B 型肝炎感染被害は， 重篤な肝疾患をはじめ， 失職や経済困窮， 医療現場の不適切な対応等の社会的不利をもたらしている （厚生労働省 2013）． 中でも， 偏見や差別は深刻な生きづらさとなっており， 学校教育をはじめ感染者理解の教育が求められている． そこで本稿では， HBV に関する既習経験が一度もない大学生に対して， HBV 感染者理解の学習効果を検討することを目的とした研究を行う． 研究方法は， 福祉系大学において 「HBV 感染者理解」 に関する講義と質問紙調査 （2014） を行い， 回収したデータの中で学習経験のない大学生の記述内容を対象として， KJ 法による質的研究を行った． その結果， ①講義前は， 授業テーマの理解が曖昧で， HBV 感染者とも心的距離がある一方， 今後の福祉実践への熱意も示された． ②講義後は， 感染予防策， 社会的排除， 感染被害の公的責任など福祉課題の明確化や， 感染者への接近志向性が示された． 以上のことから， 「HBV 感染者理解」 教育は， 1 回でも， HBV 感染に関する理解や感染者への共感性を高める効果があるとの知見を得た． 今後， HBV 感染理解を促す教材化や授業法の検討， 既習経験がある学生との比較などが研究課題である．Those infected with hepatitis B virus through mass preventive vaccinations by the Japanese government have faced a various social disadvantages such as severe liver disease, losing job, decrease in income, unjust responses from medical institutions. Beside these hardships, the problem of prejudice and discrimination toward the patients has been very serious. Thus there are increasing needs for awareness raising and learning opportunities for people in general and especially for the youth. This paper examines learning effect of university students who have had no learning opportunity on the matter of "understanding HBV patients" in the past. The examination method is the following. First, a lecture on "Understanding HBV Patients" was given and a questionnaire survey （2014） was followed. Then, the students\u27 descriptive answers from the questionnaire were applied to the KJ Method\u27 qualitative research method. As a result, the followings were found. Though before the lecture, many of the students had very vague understanding of the matter and had felt some psychological distance from the HBV patens, there was also enthusiasm for the practical use of the knowledge in the future, especially in the field of social welfare works. After the lecture, the students\u27 eyes were wide-open on the social welfare issues such as prevention of infection, social exclusion, and the responsibility of the government on damage of wide-spread infection. Their psychological distance from the patients was also shrunken. Therefore, it became clear that with even one lecture on the matter of "understanding HBV patients," the students\u27 awareness for the matter and sympathy for the patients were remarkably raised. This paper thus concludes that there are now needs for creation of real teaching materials, effective lectures, and also comparison research with other students who have had learning opportunity on the matter in the past

A study on self-efficacy which students have just before graduation ; a comparison between students of nursing universities and those of junior colleges

看護学生の卒業直前の自己効力感を明らかにし，入職後の教育や指導などへの示唆を得る目的で，看護大学４年生と看護短期大学３年生に一般性自己効力感尺度による調査を行った．その結果，看護学生の自己効力感は一般学生よりも高く，大学生は短大生よりも高い傾向が認められ，入職時には自己効力感をより高める教育や指導の重要性が示唆された．We conducted a survey of fourth-year students at a university nursing program and third-year students at a nursing junior college, using a general self-efficacy scale. Our purpose was to investigate self-efficacy beliefs among nursing students immediately before graduation and find out what sort of education and guidance should be offered to nurses after they are employed. This survey revealed that nursing students has higher self-efficacy belief than other university students and that self-efficacy tended to be even higher among university nursing program students than among junior college nursing students. The result suggest that education and guidance are important for improving even more the self-efficacy of newly employed nurses