Experimentally measured thermal masses of adsorption heat exchangers

The thermal masses of components influence the performance of many adsorption heat pump systems. However, typically when experimental adsorption systems are reported, data on thermal mass are missing or incomplete. This work provides original measurements of the thermal masses for experimental sorption heat exchanger hardware. Much of this hardware was previously reported in the literature, but without detailed thermal mass data. The data reported in this work are the first values reported in the literature to thoroughly account for all thermal masses, including heat transfer fluid. The impact of thermal mass on system performance is also discussed, with detailed calculation left for future work. The degree to which heat transfer fluid contributes to overall effective thermal mass is also discussed, with detailed calculation left for future work. This work provides a framework for future reporting of experimental thermal masses. The utilization of this framework will enrich the data available for model validation and provide a more thorough accounting of adsorption heat pumps

Sorption thermal energy storage for sustainable heating and cooling

Heating and cooling of residential buildings account for 15% of the total energy use in Canada and produce 11% of the total GHG emissions, due to reliance on fossil fuels. Renewable thermal energy and usage of low-grade waste heat offer solutions for decarbonization of heating and cooling. Inherent intermittent nature of such energy resources makes integration of thermal energy storage (TES) systems inevitable. High energy storage density, low heat loss, and using non-toxic and non-polluting refrigerants make sorption TES (S-TES) more appealing and effective for heat/cold storage, compared to other thermal storage methods. This PhD research is set out to assess the performance of low-grade heat-driven S-TES systems for space heating and cooling. As such, the focus of this study is on the thermal and sorption characterization of the sorber bed, mathematical S-TES system modeling, and experimental testing of an S-TES prototype. An analytical model is developed for prediction of thermal conductivity and thermal resistance of packed bed sorbers. Thermal conductivity of packed bed sorber of AQSOA FAM-Z02 with different numbers of layers is measured by heat flow meter for the first time. The model, which is validated by the experimental data, provides a comprehensive platform for the design of packed bed S-TES to (i) predict thermal conductivity and thermal contact resistance of packed bed under the target operating condition and (ii) optimize the packed bed by finding the optimum particle size and arrangement. Small-scale characterizations and screening of sorbent candidates are performed by thermogravimetric analysis/differential scanning calorimetry. Moreover, comprehensive experimental studies are carried out on a custom-built lab-scale S-TES in our lab to study storage performance under various conditions, namely, i) coated vs loose grain sorbent configurations, ii) various heat storage durations, iii) adding high conductive additives in the sorbent material, iv) different operating temperatures, and v) different discharge-to-charge time ratios. A comprehensive transient resistance-capacitance lumped-parameter model is developed to assess the performance of a closed S-TES system. The model is proved to be accurate in comparison with the experimental data and offers a reliable platform for the design and optimization of an S-TES system

Women representation on Sasanian silver vessels from the 3rd to the 7th century : an iconographic approch

L’étude de la représentation des femmes sur les objets d’art de l’Iran Sassanide (224-651 EC) a signifié à la fois un défi considérable mais a suscité en même temps beaucoup de plaisir et de curiosité. Au cours des quatre siècles sassanides, on constate une augmentation des représentations féminines sur les vaisselles en argent notamment à la fin de cette période. De plus, cette iconographie a évolué de façon beaucoup plus significative que sur toute autre source artistique à cette époque telle que les bas-reliefs, les sceaux et cachets, les monnaies, les mosaïques, les stucs et les figurines.Le volume I (texte, illustrations) étudie sur trois chapitres les représentations des femmes sur les argenteries puis compare leur iconographie avec celle des autres objets d’arts. Le volume II est constitué du catalogue reprenant les documents des représentations féminines sur l’argenterie Sassanide du IIIe siècle au VIIe siècle (61 objets en argent). Une annexe comporte les explications supplémentaires, les tableaux et les figures pour soutenir les chapitres de Volume I.The study of women representations on works of art from Sasanid Iran (224-651 CE) has not only meant a tremendous challenge subject but also a source of pleasure and curiosity. During the four Sassanid centuries, the female representations on silver vessels have increased especially at the end of this period. The relevant iconography on vessels have significantly changed more than on any other artistic sources of this period such as the rock reliefs, seals, coins, mosaics, stucco and figurines.Volume I (text, illustrations) in three chapters, studies women representations on silver vessels and addresses the comparison of its iconography with other works of art of this period.Volume II is the catalog of iconographic documents on women representations on Sassanid silver vessels from the 3rd to the 7th century (61 silver objects).An appendix contains additional explanations, tables and figures to support the chapters of Volume I

Identification of the fractures of carbonate reservoirs and determination of their dips from FMI image logs using Hough transform algorithm

Carbonate reservoirs are of great importance due to having many fractures and the effectiveness of these fractures in oil production. The most effective tools for studying fractures are image logs that capture high resolution images from the well. An example of these images is the FMI tool, which provide important information on the orientation, depth, and type of fracture. Today, the detection of fractures on these logs is done manually, which in the absence of sufficient experience, will encounter errors. The purpose of this study is to identify the reservoir fractures and the dips of the fractures using Canny edge detection algorithm and Hough transform algorithm and image processing operators, so that in the first stage, fractures are identified in Geolog Software and in the second stage, using MATLAB Software, fractures and their dip are interpreted

Identification of reservoir fractures on FMI image logs using Canny and Sobel edge detection algorithms

Because of the significant impact of fractures on production in hydrocarbon reservoirs, identification of these phenomena is a very important issue. Image logs are one of the best tools for revealing and studying fractures in reservoir and researcher can get lots of information about geological features in wells, by studying and analyzing these logs. In this research, two approaches have been used to determine the fractures in two wells A and B located in one of the oil fields in southwest of Iran. In the first approach, using Geolog software (version-7), after processing and correction of raw image log data, the number, position, dip, extension, layering, density and expansion of fractures have been identified. In the second approach, considering that the fractures in FMI images have edges, the Canny and Sobel filters as edge detection operators in image processing have been used to detect fractures in these images

Comparison of Energy and Nutrient Contents of Commercial and Noncommercial Enteral Nutrition Solutions

Background: Nutritional support plays a major role in the management of critically ill patients. This study aimed to compare the nutritional quality of enteral nutrition solutions (noncommercial vs. commercial) and the amount of energy and nutrients delivered and required in patients receiving these solutions. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 270 enterally fed patients. Demographic and clinical data in addition to values of nutritional needs and intakes were collected. Moreover, enteral nutrition solutions were analyzed in a food laboratory. Results: There were 150 patients who fed noncommercial enteral nutrition solutions (NCENS) and 120 patients who fed commercial enteral nutrition solutions (CENSs). Although energy and nutrients contents in CENSs were more than in NCENSs, these differences regarding energy, protein, carbohydrates, phosphorus, and calcium were not statistically significant. The values of energy and macronutrients delivered in patients who fed CENSs were higher (P < 0.001). Energy, carbohydrate, and fat required in patients receiving CENSs were provided, but protein intake was less than the required amount. In patients who fed NCENSs, only the values of fat requirement and intake were not significantly different, but other nutrition delivered was less than required amounts (P < 0.001). CENSs provided the nutritional needs of higher numbers of patients (P < 0.001). In patients receiving CENSs, nutrient adequacy ratio and also mean adequacy ratio were significantly higher than the other group (P < 0.001). Conclusion: CENSs contain more energy and nutrients compared with NCENSs. They are more effective to meet the nutritional requirements of entirely fed patients

Experimentally Measured Thermal Masses of Adsorption Heat Exchangers

The thermal masses of components influence the performance of many adsorption heat pump systems. However, typically when experimental adsorption systems are reported, data on thermal mass are missing or incomplete. This work provides original measurements of the thermal masses for experimental sorption heat exchanger hardware. Much of this hardware was previously reported in the literature, but without detailed thermal mass data. The data reported in this work are the first values reported in the literature to thoroughly account for all thermal masses, including heat transfer fluid. The impact of thermal mass on system performance is also discussed, with detailed calculation left for future work. The degree to which heat transfer fluid contributes to overall effective thermal mass is also discussed, with detailed calculation left for future work. This work provides a framework for future reporting of experimental thermal masses. The utilization of this framework will enrich the data available for model validation and provide a more thorough accounting of adsorption heat pumps