Application of Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry to Analytical Science

This work concerns a proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer, PTR-TOF-MS, a bespoke model manufactured by Kore Technology Ltd. for Smiths Detection. This instrument achieves 'soft' ionization of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by proton transfer from protonated water vapour in a reaction chamber at 1 mbar (= 100 Pa). The resulting ions are separated by mass in a field-free time-of-flight tube prior to detection by a multi-channel plate. The instrument was modified to facilitate direct determination of the electric field in the reaction chamber. Sensitivity measurements determined a value of 4-6 counts per second per parts per billion by volume (ncps ppbv-1) normalised to 106 H3O+. The calibration gas mixture used in this investigation consisted of 14 compounds, (alkylbenzenes and chlorobenzenes) spanning an m/z range of 78 to 180. Each of these was separately investigated over E/N = 90 to 245 Td to establish fragmentation behaviour and possible interfering contributions. For example, several of the alkylbenzenes fragmented to product ions occurring at m/z 79, the same value as that of protonated benzene. Most of this occurred at the higher E/N values with ethylbenzene a notable exception. The isobaric compounds ethyl benzene and the xylenes exhibit very different fragmentation patterns so enabling differentiation of these two compounds. However, it is not possible to distinguish the individual xylene isomers using this method. Benchmarking was continued using the hexenol compounds cis-3-, cis-2-, trans-3- and trans-2-hexen-1-ols. This work demonstrated that the same four product ions are seen for all of the hexenol isomers at m/z 39 (C3H3+), 41 (C3H5+), 55 (C4H7+) and 83 (C6H11+) when reacted with H3O+ in a PTR-TOF-MS. A characteristic peak at m/z 99 was seen in trans-2-hexen-1-ol and cis-2-hexen-1-ol at low E/N values (m/z 101, is absent. In trans-3-hexen-1-ol and cis-3-hexen-1-ol the MH+ ion at m/z 101 is seen at these lower E/N values but there is no product ion at m/z 99. This suggests a possible method for distinguishing between the 2- and 3-hexenols. It may also be possible to further identify the individual isomers from the differences in the percentage yield of these product ions

Mothers of children with congenital heart defects: the effects of ethnicity and education on perceptions, attitudes and feelings; (Implications for social work practice)

Thesis (M.S.)--Boston University, 196

Publarians and Lubishers: Role Bending in the New Scholarly Communications Ecosystem

It has been said that the work of publishers and librarians will merge over time until we are all publarians and lublishers. Do we still envision a shared future? As new publishing programs within libraries and experimental publisher-library collaborations continue to challenge us to move outside of our comfort zones, are we learning from each other? What are some practical, down-to-earth ways that we can take advantage of each other’s expertise? How can we produce and market scholarly content in a more integrated way to meet the needs of scholars in a digital-information ecosystem, without duplicating effort on separate tracks? How might we address sustainability through combined, hybrid business models? In this session, some experienced experimenters and role benders in the world of the humanities will share lessons learned and attempt to chart a way forward to a shared future

Prospectus, February 3, 1975

PC SPEECH, DEBATE RAP OPPONENTS; Forensics Squad Third In 27 Team Field; Debate Team Takes 1st In DuPage Tourney; Young Republicans To Try Again; Japanese Flower Arrangers Meeting; StuGo Ends Boycott Against Canteen; UFO Expert Speaks Today; Parkland-MTD Conference; WIU Offers BIO Scholarship; Get Your Own Inner Peace; Financial Aid; Quarter To Semester System Switch Coming; editorials; The Kaleidoscope; The Short Circuit; essay: Boycott Canteen?; True Happenings; letters; Classified Ads; Cobras Continue On Rampage; Lake Land Losses; Becky Beach Leads Women Cagers; Bouncing Bob\u27s Basketball Bonanza; Intramural Basketball; \u27Oswald Acted Alone\u27?; Parkland Events; Convocations To Show Marlon Brando Flicks; Deodato, Christopoulos To Play At ISU Wed.; Callboardhttps://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1975/1016/thumbnail.jp

Expression of Cellulosome Components and Type IV Pili within the Extracellular Proteome of Ruminococcus flavefaciens 007

Funding: The Rowett Institute receives funding from SG-RESAS (Scottish Government Rural and Environmental Science and Analysis Service). Visit of M.V. was supported by research grants from FEMS and Slovene human resources development and scholarship funds. Parts of this work were funded by grants from the United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF), Jerusalem, Israel – BSF Energy Research grant to E.A.B. and B.A.W. and Regular BSF Research grants to R.L. and B.A.W. – and by the Israel Science Foundation (grant nos 966/09 and 159/07 291/08). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Mainstreaming domestic and gender-based violence into sociology and the criminology of violence

Sociological and criminological views of domestic and gender-based violencegenerally either dismiss it as not worthy of consideration, or focus on specificgroups of offenders and victims (male youth gangs, partner violence victims). Inthis paper, we take a holistic approach to violence, extending the definition fromthat commonly in use to encompass domestic violence and sexual violence. Weoperationalize that definition by using data from the latest sweep of the CrimeSurvey for England and Wales. By so doing, we identify that violence is currentlyunder-measured and ubiquitous; that it is gendered, and that other forms of violence (family violence, acquaintance violence against women) are equally ofconcern. We argue that violence studies are an important form of activity forsociologists

Impact of soil warming and shading on colonization and community structure of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in roots of a native grassland

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi have a major influence on the structure, responses and below-ground C allocation of plant communities. Our lack of understanding of the response of AM fungi to factors such as light and temperature is an obstacle to accurate prediction of the impact of global climate change on ecosystem functioning. In order to investigate this response, we divided a grassland site into 24 plots, each either unshaded or partly shaded with soil either unheated or heated by 3°C at 2 cm depth. In both short-term studies in spring and autumn, and in a 1-year-long study, we measured root length colonization (LRC) by AM and non-AM fungi. For selected root samples, DNA sequences were amplified by PCR with fungal-specific primers for part of the small sub-unit (SSU) rRNA gene. In spring, the total LRC increased over 6 weeks from 12% to 25%. Shading significantly reduced AM but increased non-AM fungal colonization, while soil warming had no effect. In the year-long study, colonization by AM fungi peaked in summer, whereas non-AM colonization peaked in autumn, when there was an additive effect of shading and soil warming that reduced AM but increased non-AM fungi. Stepwise regression revealed that light received within the 7 days prior to sampling was the most significant factor in determining AM LRC and that mean temperature was the most important influence on non-AM LRC. Loglinear analysis confirmed that there were no seasonal or treatment effects on the host plant community. Ten AM fungal sequence types were identified that clustered into two families of the Glomales, Glomaceae and Gigasporaceae. Three other sequence types were of non-AM fungi, all Ascomycotina. AM sequence types showed seasonal variation and shading impacts: loglinear regression analysis revealed changes in the AM fungal community with time, and a reduction of one Glomus sp. under shade, which corresponded to a decrease in the abundance of Trifolium repens. We suggest that further research investigating any impacts of climate change on ecosystem functioning must not only incorporate their natural AM fungal communities but should also focus on niche separation and community dynamics of AM fungi