Tungiasis en población indígena del departamento de Vaupés: epidemiología, clínica, tratamiento y prevención

En la gráfica 3 que aparece en la página 226 aparece repetida la gráfica de barras que está en la gráfica 1; a continuación se imprime nuevamente la versión corregida de la gráfica 3

Tungiasis en población indígena del departamento de Vaupés: epidemiología, clínica, tratamiento y prevención

Introduction. Tungiasis, the skin infestation with the flea Tunga penetrans, occurs in poor communities.Objective. To present a study of this condition among native Amerindians from Vaupés (Colombia).Methods. After reviewing this topic, we present a description of the geographic area and the housing of the affected subjects; animal carriers infected with this zoonosis were also detected. We illustrate the clinical aspects and complications. Patients were treated with creolin (liquid cresol). We modified the floor of malocas in two communities using wet clay, and we educated the community on this parasite.Results. About 95% of the 33,000 inhabitants of Vaupés are native Amerindians. Some households have dry sandy floors, where food leftovers attract dogs infested with tungiasis. From 1996 to 2007 we confirmed 942 human cases of this parasitic disease. Among the native communities, 3 to 8 per 1,000 persons and 62% of the dogs have tungiasis. Feet were affected in 98% of the patients. Severe cases, with more than 20 lesions, occurred among children and the elderly. Complications included secondary infections, pain, anonychia (loss of toenails), toe deformities, amputation of toes and walking problems. Three patients died as a result of sepsis originating from toe infections. Topic use of liquid creolin and extraction of the parasite cured the problem in humans and dogs. Floor modifications eradicated the problem in one community.Conclusions. Tungiasis is an intradomiciliary disease. Favorable conditions for infestations include dry sandy floors and infected dogs. Treatment of the floors with creolin and wet clay resulted in control of one focus of the disease; this method could be applied more widely. This is the first known research study on tungiasis in Colombia, a disease that affected the soldiers of the Spanish Conquistador Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada in the 1500s.Introducción. La tungiasis, o infestación cutánea por la pulga Tunga penetrans, ocurre en comunidades muy pobres.Objetivo. Presentar la entidad en indígenas del Vaupés.Métodos. En primer lugar, se revisó el tema. Luego, se describió el área y la vivienda de los pacientes afectados; se detectaron los animales infestados con la zoonosis. Se iIustró el aspecto clínico y sus complicaciones y, posteriormente, se trataron los pacientes con creolina. Se logró hacer modificaciones en el piso de las malocas de dos comunidades, con humedad y arcilla, y se impartió educación a la comunidad sobre esta parasitosis.Resultados. El 95% de los 33.000 habitantes del Vaupés son indígenas. Algunos moran en viviendas de piso arenoso, seco, con detritos alimenticios y perros con tungiasis. Entre 1996 y 2007 confirmamos 942 casos del parasitismo. De los indígenas estudiados, 3 a 8 de cada 1.000 y 62% de los perros, presentaban tungiasis. Los pies se vieron afectados en 98% de los pacientes. Se presentaron casos graves con más de 20 lesiones, en niños y ancianos. Como complicaciones, se presentaron: infección secundaria, dolor, anoniquia, deformación y amputación de los dedos de los pies e imposibilidad para la marcha. Hubo sepsis mortal en tres pacientes. No se presentaron casos de tétanos. Los baños con creolina y la extracción del parásito fueron curativos, en hombres y animales. La modificación de los pisos redujo a cero la enfermedad en una comunidad.Conclusiones. La enfermedad es intradomiciliaria. El piso de la vivienda y la convivencia con perros infestados son ideales para adquirirla. La creolina, la humectación del piso y el cubrirlo con arcilla controlaron un foco de la enfermedad, actividad que podría generalizarse. Ésta es la primera investigación colombiana sobre la tungiasis, entidad conocida en Colombia desde que afectó a los soldados de Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada, fundador de Santafé de Bogotá en 1538

Evidencia clínica de tracoma en indígenas colombianos del departamento de Vaupés

Introduction: Trachoma is the leading cause of infectious blindness in the world. In 2008 there were 1,300,000 persons with blindness caused by trachoma and 8 million with trichiasis, which might eventually lead to blindness. In Latin America it has been documented in Brazil, Guatemala and México.Objective: To inform the presence of trachoma for the first time in Colombia, amongst Amerindians of the Department of Vaupés.Materials and methods: In 2003 and 2006 the Amerindian Makú communities of San Joaquín and Santa Catalina, located 5 km from the border with Brazil, were visited. From 2007 to 2009, San Gerardo, San Gabriel and Nuevo Pueblo, at a 35 km distance from San Joaquín were visited.Results: In 2006 114 people were examined in Santa Catalina and San Joaquin; 21 patients were clinically diagnosed with trachoma (18.4%), 15 (13.2%) of them children under 15 years old. All trachoma phases were observed. Three women had corneal opacity with poor vision. In the remaining three communities, three women with advanced trachoma with corneal opacity and blindness were detected. The poor quality of living conditions without fresh water and adequate sanitary disposal systems, and the abundance of flies identified as Hippelates sp., are risk factors for the transmission of the disease.Discussion: Trachoma exists in Colombia, and it is frequent among the studied communities. Its focalized distribution makes it amenable to elimination. It is advisable to search for trachoma in other indigenous communities in Vaupés with similar living conditions.Introducción. El tracoma es la primera causa infecciosa de ceguera. En 2008 había 1'300.000 ciegos por su causa y 8 millones de personas tenían lesiones oculares que podrían conducirlos a la ceguera. En América Latina se ha documentado su presencia en Brasil, Guatemala y México.Objetivo. Informar por primera vez la presencia de tracoma en Colombia, en indígenas del departamento del Vaupés.Materiales y métodos. En 2003 y 2006 se visitaron las comunidades makú de San Joaquín y Santa Catalina, a 5 km de Brasil, y entre 2007 y 2009, las de San Gerardo, San Gabriel y Nuevo Pueblo, a 35 km de las anteriores.Resultados. En 2006, se examinaron 114 personas en San Joaquín y Santa Catalina. Se diagnosticó clínicamente tracoma en 21 (18,4%), 15 de ellas (13,2%) menores de 15 años. Se detectaron todas las fases de la enfermedad. Tres mujeres tenían opacidad corneal con notoria disminución de la agudeza visual. En las tres últimas comunidades se detectaron tres mujeres con tracoma avanzado, con opacidad corneal y ceguera. La vivienda precaria, la carencia de agua potable y de sistemas adecuados de disposición de los excrementos, y la abundancia de moscas domésticas del género Hippelates, constituyen factores de riesgo para la transmisión del tracoma.Discusión. El tracoma existe en Colombia, con incidencia frecuente en las comunidades estudiadas. Su localización definida hace posible su eliminación en programas de salud pública. Es necesario realizar una búsqueda del tracoma en otras comunidades indígenas del Vaupés con condiciones de vida similares

Rethinking paradigms for studying mechanisms of action of plant bioactives

Many foods in our diets such as berries, tea, chocolate and wine contain flavonoids, which are natural components of plants. A substantial body of evidence supports the role of flavonoids in providing protection against cardio-metabolic diseases and disorders. Despite the nearly exponential growth in flavonoid research in the past 20 years, limited progress has been made in understanding how these dietary components work. Research initially focused on their antioxidant activity without taking into account their metabolism, which now appears extensive. This has provided a new research impetus to understand the biological activity of the flavonoid metabolites. Here, we outline recent research, which suggests a highly complex interplay between metabolism, intestinal microflora, the immune system and various tissues of our body

Zoonotic parasitism in dogs from the department of Vaupés, Colombia / Parasitismo zoonótico em cães do departamento de Vaupés, Colômbia

Objective: To determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitism and relevant public health zoonotic ectoparasites in canines of indigenous communities of the Colombian Amazon. Materials and methods: This study included 421 canines from 68 communities, whose owners participated voluntarily in educational talks, interviews, and epidemiological surveys. Fecal samples were obtained by rectal palpation, and they were processed using the formalin-gasoline concentration technique. Double-blind triplicate microscopic analysis was carried out. Results: Parasite infection occurred in 89.8% of the samples, 57.7% protozoans and 73.9% helminthes. Hookworms were noteworthy, including Toxocara spp., Strongyloides spp., Alaria spp., and Giardia spp., among others. Ectoparasites were found in 32.8% of the cases. Conclusion: Our study showed the potential risk of transmission of zoonotic infections by canine parasites and the possibility of jungle transmission of the rabies virus, which require intervention with preventive and control programs by the health sector. 

Influence of a walking aid on temporal and spatial parameters of gait in healthy adults

This is the post-print version of the final paper published in PM&R. The published article is available from the link below. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. Copyright @ 2014 Elsevier B.V.Objective - To determine the effect of using a walking aid on temporal and spatial parameters of gait when used for balance versus support on the dominant and nondominant hand side. Design - Repeated measures observational study design. Setting - University gymnasium. Participants - Twenty-seven healthy male and female adults of mean ± standard deviation age 44.74 ± 10.00 years. Methods - Five walking conditions (C) were completed by all participants on the GAITRite pressure mat. Normal walking (C1), walking with a cane in the dominant hand (C2) and nondominant hand (C3) as if using for balance, walking with a cane in the dominant hand (C4) and nondominant hand (C5) while allowing approximately 10% of the body weight through the cane. Main Outcome Measurements - Temporal measurements (swing time, stance time, single limb support time, double limb support time) as percentage of a gait cycle and the base of support for the left and the right foot for all 5 walking conditions. Results - A significant difference (P < .001) was observed between C1, C2, and C3 in percentage swing time and percentage stance time of the ipsilateral side, and in percentage single limb support time of the contralateral side. The double limb support time was significantly different (P ≤ .04) for both ipsilateral and contralateral sides. Comparisons among C1, C4, and C5 demonstrated significance (P < .001) for all variables. Post hoc analysis showed significance between C1 and C4, and C1 and C5 for all variables except percentage stance time of the ipsilateral side and percentage single limb support of the contralateral side. Conclusions - In healthy adults, use of a cane for balance modifies swing and stance parameters of the ipsilateral side and does not affect the base of support formed by the feet. When used for support, the cane alters the swing and stance parameters, and also the base of support formed by the feet

Lista preliminar de los peces del río Papunahua, cuenca del río Inírida - departamento del Vaupés, Colombia

Fish sampling in the Papunahua river (Inírida river basin-colombian Orinoco) (october and november 2005) revealed 86 fish species grouped in 64 genera, 28 families, and 8 orders. Orders with the largest numbers of species were Characiformes (42 species), Siluriformes (21), and Perciformes (9), with the remaining 5 orders having from 1 to 7 species. At the family level, the Characidae has the greatest number of species (24 species), followed by Cichlidae (9), and Anostomidae (6). The remaining 25 families having 1 to 5 species

Lista preliminar de los peces del río Papunahua, cuenca del río Inírida - departamento del Vaupés, Colombia

Fish sampling in the Papunahua river (Inírida river basin-colombian Orinoco) (october and november 2005) revealed 86 fish species grouped in 64 genera, 28 families, and 8 orders. Orders with the largest numbers of species were Characiformes (42 species), Siluriformes (21), and Perciformes (9), with the remaining 5 orders having from 1 to 7 species. At the family level, the Characidae has the greatest number of species (24 species), followed by Cichlidae (9), and Anostomidae (6). The remaining 25 families having 1 to 5 species

Lista preliminar de los peces del río Papunahua, cuenca del río Inírida - departamento del Vaupés, Colombia

Fish sampling in the Papunahua river (Inírida river basin-colombian Orinoco) (october and november 2005) revealed 86 fish species grouped in 64 genera, 28 families, and 8 orders. Orders with the largest numbers of species were Characiformes (42 species), Siluriformes (21), and Perciformes (9), with the remaining 5 orders having from 1 to 7 species. At the family level, the Characidae has the greatest number of species (24 species), followed by Cichlidae (9), and Anostomidae (6). The remaining 25 families having 1 to 5 species.Los muestreos realizados entre octubre y noviembre de 2005 en el río Papunahua (cuenca del río Inírida - Orinoquía colombiana), registran una riqueza de 86 especies de peces agrupadas 64 géneros, 28 familias y 8 órdenes. Los órdenes con el mayor número de especies fueron Characiformes (42 especies), Siluriformes (21 especies), Perciformes (9 especies) y los restantes cinco órdenes tienen de una a siete especies. Al nivel de familia, Characidae posee el mayor número de especies (24), seguida de Cichlidae (nueve), Anostomidae (seis) y las restantes 25 familias tienen de una a cinco especies

Conocimientos, Actitudes y Prácticas de Higiene y Prevención del Tracoma en la Población Indígena del Departamento del Vaupés de la Amazonia Colombiana

El programa colombiano para acabar con el tracoma implementa el componente F de la estrategia SAFE en el departamento de Vaupés en la selva amazónica. Las barreras culturales, lingüísticas, geográficas y la coexistencia de un sistema médico ancestral demandan la adecuación técnica y sociocultural de este componente. En 2015 se realizó una encuesta transversal combinada con discusiones de grupos focales para comprender los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de la población indígena en relación con el tracoma. De los 357 jefes de hogar que participaron, el 45,1 % asoció el tracoma con la falta de higiene. , y el 94,7% asoció el concepto de higiene con la realización de uno o más baños corporales al día, utilizando jabón comercial o artesanal. En total, el 93 % informó limpiar la cara y los ojos de sus hijos con más frecuencia cuando tienen conjuntivitis, pero el 66. El 1% también lo hizo con ropa o toallas en uso, y el 52,7% de las personas compartió toallas; en total, el 32,8% indicó que utilizaría la medicina ancestral para prevenir y tratar el tracoma. La estrategia SAFE en Vaupés requiere un enfoque intercultural para facilitar el apoyo y la participación de las partes interesadas para promover la higiene general y facial, lavar la ropa con jabón y no compartir toallas y ropa para secar y limpiar la cara de los niños para la eliminación efectiva y sostenible del tracoma como salud pública. problema. Esta evaluación cualitativa facilitó un abordaje intercultural a nivel local y en otras localidades amazónicas. © 2023 por los autores. La estrategia SAFE en Vaupés requiere un enfoque intercultural para facilitar el apoyo y la participación de las partes interesadas para promover la higiene general y facial, lavar la ropa con jabón y no compartir toallas y ropa para secar y limpiar la cara de los niños para la eliminación efectiva y sostenible del tracoma como salud pública. problema. Esta evaluación cualitativa facilitó un abordaje intercultural a nivel local y en otras localidades amazónicas. © 2023 por los autores. La estrategia SAFE en Vaupés requiere un enfoque intercultural para facilitar el apoyo y la participación de las partes interesadas para promover la higiene general y facial, lavar la ropa con jabón y no compartir toallas y ropa para secar y limpiar la cara de los niños para la eliminación efectiva y sostenible del tracoma como salud pública. problema. Esta evaluación cualitativa facilitó un abordaje intercultural a nivel local y en otras localidades amazónicas.The Colombian program to end trachoma implements the component F of the SAFE strategy in the Vaupés department of the Amazon rainforest. Cultural, linguistic, and geographical barriers and the coexistence of an ancestral medical system demand the technical and sociocultural adaptation of this component. A cross-sectional survey combined with focus-group discussions to understand the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the indigenous population related to trachoma was conducted in 2015. Of the 357 heads of households that participated, 45.1% associated trachoma with a lack of hygiene, and 94.7% associated the concept of hygiene with taking one or more body baths per day, using commercial or handcrafted soap. In total, 93% reported cleaning their children’s faces and eyes more often when they have conjunctivitis, but 66.1% also did this with clothes or towels in use, and 52.7% of people shared towels; in total, 32.8% indicated that they would use ancestral medicine to prevent and treat trachoma. The SAFE strategy in Vaupés requires an intercultural approach to facilitate stakeholder support and participation to promote general and facial hygiene, washing clothes with soap, and not sharing towels and clothes to dry and clean children’s faces for effective and sustainable elimination of trachoma as a public health problem. This qualitative assessment facilitated an intercultural approach locally and in other Amazonian locations