A Simplified Analytical Solution for the Computation of Machine Path in Filament Winding of Cylindrical Angle-Ply and Double-Double Structures

This paper presents a simplified computation approach for the machine path (or winding trajectory) of grid structures and tubes with a circular cross-section and angle-ply or double-double layup. The solution for the machine path is given through controllable degrees of freedom of a low-cost two-axis filament winding machine (FWM): mandrel rotation and translation of the delivery eye along the axis of the mandrel. The efficiency of the analytical solution for the machine path of the FWM was ascertained by automated laying the cotton thread over the geodesic and non-geodesic groove imprinted on the surface of a cylindrical polylactide mandrel. These results validated the possibility of manufacturing cylindrical composite structures with an angle-ply layup or double-double stacking sequence, without the need for expensive software, making the winding technology accessible to society and promoting university extension

Hospitalization at home: a study of international models and adaptation to the portuguese context

Hospitalization at Home (HaH) has proved to be an efficient and effective model of healthcare provision in several countries in the World. Portugal is starting the implementation of this model based on international best-practices. This paper describes themain features of this HaH service, their organizational, technological and economic enablers –with a sustainability perspective. It then presents their application in recognized role-model countries –the UK, Australia, and Spain. Finally, it outlines the current implementation plan being carried out by the Portuguese Public National Healthcare Service and aims to identify opportunities for improvements in such implementation

Design and implementation of a behaviorally typed programming system for web services

Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para a obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Informática.The growing use of the Internet as a global infrastructure for communication between distributed applications is leading to the development of a considerable amount of technologies to ease the deployment, description and data exchange among services and thus improve their interoperability. There is also a growing interest in the use of the “software as a service” business model where a software vendor develops and hosts applications to be used by its clients over the Internet. The use of these Web Services is provided through an API describing the interface of the service that can hide how the service provider hosts the application. This approach allows for the creation of an abstraction layer that offers additional capabilities without increasing the maintenance cost usually linked to the management of those machines (like software and hardware updates or just application/system configuration). However, the main tools provided by the standards and existing technology to combine these services usually only account for limited automatic verification techniques (based on standard signature checking of methods in interface descriptions) and thus relying the behavioral compatibility among services to the programmer. The programmer then becomes dependent on the quality of the documentation and the development time available to manually (and without formal guarantees) assure the correctness of the code. In this thesis, we propose a behavioral type system, in the context of yak, a prototype scripting language for web services, that enhances traditional typecheckers by allowing to statically check the correct usage of services (as remote or local objects). Our language uses behavioral annotations in the protocol descriptions, similar to regular expressions, that are translated to deterministic finite automatons during the typechecking phase. The intent of this work is to ease the creation and deployment of Web Services by providing a friendly integration of behavioral type concepts within a practical programming language, so to make the use of these services (with behavioral descriptions) transparent and effortless to the programmer. We also provide a full implementation of the interpreter, behavioral typechecker and run-time support system for the yak language, that may be used to develop prototypical systems and experiment with web services and behavioral type

Rely-guarantee protocols for safe interference over shared memory

Mutable state can be useful in certain algorithms, to structure programs, or for efficiency purposes. However, when shared mutable state is used in non-local or nonobvious ways, the interactions that can occur via aliases to that shared memory can be a source of program errors. Undisciplined uses of shared state may unsafely interfere with local reasoning as other aliases may interleave their changes to the shared state in unexpected ways. We propose a novel technique, rely-guarantee protocols, that structures the interactions between aliases and ensures that only safe interference is possible. We present a linear type system outfitted with our novel sharing mechanism that enables controlled interference over shared mutable resources. Each alias is assigned separate, local roles encoded in a protocol abstraction that constrains how an alias can legally use that shared state. By following the spirit of rely-guarantee reasoning, our rely-guarantee protocols ensure that only safe interference can occur but still allow many interesting uses of shared state, such as going beyond invariant and monotonic usages. This thesis describes the three core mechanisms that enable our type-based technique to work: 1) we show how a protocol models an alias’s perspective on how the shared state evolves and constrains that alias’s interactions with the shared state; 2) we show how protocols can be used while enforcing the agreed interference contract; and finally, 3) we show how to check that all local protocols to some shared state can be safely composed to ensure globally safe interference over that shared memory. The interference caused by shared state is rooted at how the uses of di↵erent aliases to that state may be interleaved (perhaps even in non-deterministic ways) at run-time. Therefore, our technique is mostly agnostic as to whether this interference was the result of alias interleaving caused by sequential or concurrent semantics. We show implementations of our technique in both settings, and highlight their di↵erences. Because sharing is “first-class” (and not tied to a module), we show a polymorphic procedure that enables abstract compositions of protocols. Thus, protocols can be specialized or extended without requiring specific knowledge of the interference produce by other protocols to that state. We show that protocol composition can ensure safety even when considering abstracted protocols. We show that this core composition mechanism is sound, decidable (without the need for manual intervention), and provide an algorithm implementation

Cognitive impairment as an invisible symptom in multiple sclerosis

Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, 2021, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia.A Esclerose Múltipla é uma doença imunitária desmielinizante do sistema nervoso central que leva a sintomas clínicos muito generalizados, os quais incluem principalmente a incapacidade física entre os jovens adultos. No entanto, os doentes com EM podem experimentar outros sintomas que não são, aparentemente, visíveis ou óbvios para aqueles que os rodeiam, tais como o défice cognitivo, que é um dos sintomas mais comuns e incapacitantes da EM, ocorrendo em cerca de 40-70% dos doentes com EM. Assim, o que parece estar mais comprometido neste são a lentidão no processamento de informação, a diminuição da memória episódica, dificuldades na função executiva, alterações na fluência verbal, e reduções na análise visuoespacial. Devido à heterogeneidade da EM, não existe uma única característica patognomónica ou teste de diagnóstico que possa diagnosticar a EM com precisão, pelo que o diagnóstico se baseia na integração de vários resultados clínicos, imagiológicos e laboratoriais. Quanto à avaliação das funções cognitivas, existem várias versões escritas e orais, e mais recentemente digitais, de baterias neuropsicológicas. Neste sentido, devido à sua fiabilidade, validade e sensibilidade, o Symbol Digit Modalities Test é o teste mais frequentemente utilizado para monitorizar as taxas de recidivas cognitivas. Nos últimos anos, os desenvolvimentos notáveis das novas sequências de ressonância magnética permitiram definir correlações estruturais e funcionais de défices cognitivos, que parecem estar associados à neurodegeneração, atrofia cerebral e rutura funcional da rede. Embora as terapias modificadoras da doença tenham sido eficazes na redução das taxas de recidiva na EM, tais tratamentos, assim como o tratamento sintomático, são ineficazes para o tratamento do défice cognitivo na EM. Neste sentido, são necessárias abordagens alternativas de tratamento para atenuar estes sintomas. Assim, a reabilitação cognitiva e a prática de exercício físico são potenciais candidatos ao tratamento do défice cognitivo relacionado com a EM, embora estes ainda sejam considerados como sendo pobremente geridos em doentes com EM. Para concluir, uma investigação futura centrada no défice cognitivo é necessária e crucial para adquirir novas informações e, assim, melhorar a qualidade de vida dos doentes com EM, bem como a dos seus cuidadores.Multiple Sclerosis is an immune-mediated demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that leads to widespread clinical symptoms, including mainly physical disability among young adults. However, MS patients can experience symptoms that are not, apparently, visible or obvious, to those around them, such as cognitive impairment that is one of the most common and disabling symptoms of MS, occurring in about 40-70% of MS patients. Thus, what appears to be impaired are slowness in information processing, decreased episodic memory, difficulties in executive function, changes in verbal fluency, and reductions in visuospatial analysis. Owing to the heterogeneity of MS, there is no single pathognomonic feature or diagnostic test that can accurately diagnose MS, so the diagnosis is based on the integration of various clinical, imaging and laboratory findings. As for the assessment of cognitive functions, there are several written and oral, and more recently digital, versions of neuropsychological batteries. In this sense, due to its reliability, validity and sensitivity, the Symbol Digit Modalities Test is the most frequently used test to monitor cognitive relapse rates. In recent years, outstanding developments of new Magnetic Resonance Imaging sequences have allowed structural and functional correlates of cognitive impairments to be defined, which appear to be associated with neurodegeneration, brain atrophy and functional network disruption. Although Disease-modifying Therapies have been effective in reducing relapse rates in MS, such treatments, just like symptomatic treatment, are ineffective for the treatment of cognitive impairment in MS. In this sense, alternative treatment approaches for mitigating these symptoms are needed. Hence, cognitive rehabilitation and exercise training are potential candidates for the treatment of MS-related cognitive impairment, though these are still considered to be poorly managed in MS patients. To conclude, future research focusing on cognitive impairment is necessary and crucial to acquire new information and thus improve the quality of life of MS patients as well as their caregivers

Infeções bacterianas no doente com cirrose hepática

ResumoAs infeções bacterianas são uma complicação frequente na cirrose hepática, principalmente nos doentes internados.Os autores fazem uma revisão da prevalência, fatores de risco e patogénese das infeções bacterianas no doente com cirrose hepática, salientando os mecanismos da translocação bacteriana.As infeções bacterianas mais comuns na cirrose são as designadas infeções «espontâneas», nomeadamente a peritonite bacteriana espontânea, o empiema pleural bacteriano espontâneo e a bacteriémia espontânea.No final, faz-se uma breve referência às estratégias de prevenção da infeção na cirrose, nomeadamente a profilaxia da peritonite bacteriana espontânea e a prevenção das infeções virais ou bacterianas específicas através da vacinação.AbstractBacterial infections are a frequent complication on hepatic cirrhosis, particularly in hospitalized patients.In this article we review the prevalence, risk factors and pathogenesis of bacterial infections in cirrhotic patients, focusing on the mechanisms of bacterial translocation.The most common bacterial infections in cirrhotic patients are the commonly called “spontaneous” infections, namely spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, spontaneous bacterial pleural empyema and spontaneous bacteraemia.At the end of this article we make a brief reference to the prevention strategies for infection in cirrhosis, namely prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and prevention of specific viral or bacterial infections through vaccination

An action plan to retain employees in poreu

Many are the differences from generation Y to the previous one. One of them is the way this generation live their life and specially their working life. They are demanding and want always more. This is a generation that want to know the route of every problem. They are always seeking for better opportunities and do not settle. They are the job hoppers. The human resources departments face a problem when it comes to fulfil these employees. What can the employers do to satisfy their needs? How to deal and retain this young workforce? These are the main questions of this thesis. So that, 8 ex-employees of one specific company were interviewed and shared their perspectives about the topic. Through the testimonies, it was developed an action plan which its main purpose is to help the company to understand the reasons that made their employees quit and present some suggestions that the human resources can apply in the future.Muitas são as diferenças entre a geração Y e os seus antecessores. Uma das principais diferenças é o modo como encaram a vida, especialmente a vida profissional. São exigentes e querem sempre mais e mais. São uma geração que procura sempre a raiz do problema. Eles, estão sempre a procura de novas oportunidades e não querem assentar. São os chamados job hoppers. Os departamentos de recursos humanos das empresas enfrentam hoje em dia um problema com esta geração. O que podem os empregadores fazer para satisfazer esta geração? Como lidar e reter estes jovens trabalhadores? Estas são as principais questões desta tese. Foram, então entrevistados 8 antigos colaboradores de uma empresa em particular que partilharam as suas perspetivas sobre o tema em questão. Tomando os testemunhos como ponto de partida, foi desenvolvido um plano de ação que tem como principal objetivo ajudar a empresa a perceber as razões que levaram os trabalhadores a sair da empresa e também algumas sugestões que podem ser postas em pratica no futuro

Comparing multiple criteria for species identification in two recently diverged seabirds

Correct species identification is a crucial issue in systematics with key implications for prioritising conservation effort. However, it can be particularly challenging in recently diverged species due to their strong similarity and relatedness. In such cases, species identification requires multiple and integrative approaches. In this study we used multiple criteria, namely plumage colouration, biometric measurements, geometric morphometrics, stable isotopes analysis (SIA) and genetics (mtDNA), to identify the species of 107 bycatch birds from two closely related seabird species, the Balearic (Puffinus mauretanicus) and Yelkouan (P. yelkouan) shearwaters. Biometric measurements, stable isotopes and genetic data produced two stable clusters of bycatch birds matching the two study species, as indicated by reference birds of known origin. Geometric morphometrics was excluded as a species identification criterion since the two clusters were not stable. The combination of plumage colouration, linear biometrics, stable isotope and genetic criteria was crucial to infer the species of 103 of the bycatch specimens. In the present study, particularly SIA emerged as a powerful criterion for species identification, but temporal stability of the isotopic values is critical for this purpose. Indeed, we found some variability in stable isotope values over the years within each species, but species differences explained most of the variance in the isotopic data. Yet this result pinpoints the importance of examining sources of variability in the isotopic data in a case-by-case basis prior to the cross-application of the SIA approach to other species. Our findings illustrate how the integration of several methodological approaches can help to correctly identify individuals from recently diverged species, as each criterion measures different biological phenomena and species divergence is not expressed simultaneously in all biological traits

O princípio da autonomia coletiva como princípio material: análise do exercício da autonomia após as mudanças da Lei 13.467/2017

This work aims to analyze state control regarding the exercise of collective autonomy. The topic is addressed from Law 13,467 / 17, called Labor Reform in which there were several legal changes, among which was the prevalence of the negotiated over the legislated. The production of effects for fundamental rights in private relations is still a very discussed point in the theory of principles, mainly regarding fundamental social rights. As much as the thought that fundamental rights should be applied to private relations is consolidated, there is little systematized thinking about how the effects occur, especially at the moment of the Judiciary's control in relation to the exercise of the private autonomy of individuals with rights. rights. The so-called adequate model, elaborated by Virgílio Afonso da Silva, addresses this theme, attributing the nature of a formal principle to private autonomy. Daniel Sarmento's proposal on the application of fundamental rights in private relations is also analyzed. Regarding the structure of formal principles, Martin Borowski's thought was addressed. To understand and situate the issue, it is necessary to understand in depth the concept of subjective right, complete fundamental right, the types of discretion and the refined complete weight formula., In the thought of Robert Alexy, the theoretical framework of this research and two of the three investigated authors. In addition to the systematization of concepts and bibliographic review, jurisprudential analysis is used in order to understand the behavior of the Brazilian Superior Labor Court regarding the control of collective instruments and their eventual change of posture after the new legislation.O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar o controle estatal quanto ao exercício da autonomia coletiva. O tema é abordado a partir da Lei 13.467/17, chamada Reforma Trabalhista na qual houve diversas alterações legais, dentre as quais foi positivada a prevalência do negociado sobre o legislado. A produção de efeitos pelos direitos fundamentais nas relações privadas ainda é ponto muito discutido na teoria dos princípios, principalmente quanto a direitos fundamentais sociais. Por mais que seja consolidado o pensamento de que os direitos fundamentais devam ser aplicados às relações privadas, pouco sistematizado é o pensamento acerca de como ocorrem os efeitos, principalmente, no momento de controle do Judiciário em relação ao exercício da autonomia privada dos indivíduos detentores de direitos. O denominado modelo adequado, elaborado por Virgílio Afonso da Silva, aborda tal tema atribuindo à autonomia privada a natureza de princípio formal. Também é analisada a proposta de Daniel Sarmento quanto à aplicação dos direitos fundamentais nas relações privadas. No que trata da estrutura dos princípios formais, foi abordado o pensamento de Martin Borowski. Para compreender e situar a questão, é preciso entender com profundidade o conceito de direito subjetivo, direito fundamental completo, os tipos de discricionariedade e a fórmula do peso completa refinada., no pensamento de Robert Alexy, marco teórico desta pesquisa e de dois dos três autores investigados. Além da sistematização de conceitos e revisão bibliográfica, recorre-se à análise jurisprudencial a fim de compreender o comportamento da Corte Superior Trabalhista brasileira quanto ao controle de instrumentos coletivos e sua eventual mudança de postura após a nova legislação

EDUCAÇÃO E TRABALHO NO BRASIL: análise da experiência da escola DIEESE e do novo curso superior em ciências do trabalho

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar a pesquisa realizada sobre a experiência de um novo curso de graduação, o bacharelado em Ciências do Trabalho, ofertado por uma instituição de ensino superior recém-criada, a Escola DIEESE de Ciências do Trabalho que apresenta em sua proposta pedagógica, produzir conhecimento a partir do saber e da experiência do aluno trabalhador. Partindo de estudos que tratam sobre a relação entre educação e trabalho no Brasil, que evidenciam a lógica do modo de produção capitalista de negar a muitos trabalhadores o acesso ao saber teórico, e sua vinculação com o saber prático, a pesquisa se propôs a analisar em que medida a proposta do curso de Ciências do Trabalho pode apresentar uma pedagogia contra-hegemônica. Para tanto, a pesquisa eminentemente qualitativa, na condição de estudo de caso sobre o referido curso, foi realizada utilizando-se de pesquisa documental, por meio da análise dos relatórios e documentos institucionais da Escola DIEESE, e da sua entidade mantenedora, e ainda, entrevistas com 20 alunos egressos da primeira turma, que concluíram o curso de Ciências do Trabalho no ano de 2015. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam para alguns desafios, em especial, por se tratar de um curso novo e pouco conhecido, mas por outro lado, evidenciam por meio dos relatos dos alunos entrevistados, que o currículo e a metodologia do curso de Ciências do Trabalho, permitiram, entre outras importantes questões, desenvolver uma maior compreensão teórica a respeito da realidade. ABSTRACT This article aims to present the research carried out on the experience of a new undergraduate program, the Bachelor of Work Sciences, offered by a newly created institution of higher education, the DIEESE School of Work Sciences, which features in its pedagogical proposal, to produce knowledge from what is known and from the experience of the student worker. Starting from studies that treat on the relationship between education and work in Brazil, which highlight the logic of the capitalist production method of denying many workers access to theoretical knowledge and its connection with practical knowledge. This research aims to analyze the extent to which the proposed Work Sciences course can submit a counter-hegemonic pedagogy. To this end, the eminently qualitative research, case study on this course, was performed using documentary research, through the analysis of the institutional school reports and documents of DIEESE and its maintaining entity, and interviews with 20 graduates from the first group, who completed the Work Sciences course in the year of 2015. The survey results point to some challenges, in particular because it is a new course and little known, but on the other hand, show, through the reports of the students interviewed, that the curriculum and methodology of the Work Sciences course allowed, among other important issues, to develop a greater theoretical understanding of the reality