ELF e strategie linguistiche nei siti di Q&A: una ricerca esplorativa sul linguaggio emozionale nel turismo del golf

Abstract – Online communities as a distinctive feature of virtual forums and social networking groups have gradually become one of the major sources of information, surpassing corporate websites in terms of influence on purchasing decisions. Such platforms are characterized by cosmopolitan brand communities sharing the same field of expertise and are constructed around a series of social relationships based upon common interest in a particular topic, e.g. golf tourism. Golf is an interesting tourist segment for Apulia as well as a widespread holiday activity, which implies the adoption of English as a Lingua Franca (ELF). It is used in exclusive clubs and resorts and for the profound sharing of linguistic codes. By taking part in digital communities, working on online forums or social networks, golfers can ask questions and receive feedback on exclusive tourist destinations, emotions, and experiences, thus generating debates and exchanging ideas. Social issues related to the various topics of discussion including golf are developed through debates, requests for information, questions and answers that can create word-of-mouth promotion. On the latter aspect literature in the digital communication field has so far focused its attention, by investigating virality as an effect of the emotional content of posts, whereas few researches have analyzed the emotional response and the ability to solicit opinions as effects of the linguistic content of the information requests. The purpose of this exploratory study was therefore to provide evidence for the existence of possible relationships between specific linguistic contents – i.e. personal pronouns with their possessive adjectives and modal verbs on the one hand, and emotions raised and the number of responses elicited on the other - within the English version of Yahoo Answers which is dedicated to resorts with golf courses. To this end, two studies were carried out: 1) a qualitative/pragmalinguistic analysis and 2) a quantitative and marketing-related one. Results, albeit limited by the explorative nature of the research, provide useful insights into the extent to which such language expressions can affect emotional responses in respondents and can initiate response processes, with stimulating implications concerning management in general and the management of digital platforms on golf tourism in Apulia

Andic soils and catastrophic mudflows in Italy: morphological and hydropedological evidences

In Italy rapid landslides are the most frequently occurring natural disasters and, after earthquakes, cause the highest number of victims. In this contribution we attempt to prove that there exist a tight connection between the presence of a specific soil type, namely andic soils, and the occurrence of the main catastrophic mudflows and debris flows occurred in Italy in the last decades. The study was performed by means of an integrated pedological and hydrological analysis on the detachment crowns of some of the most important catastrophic mudflows and debris flows occurred in Italy in the last decades and involving/evolving surface soils. The results at both regional (Campania) and National (Italy) scale clearly show that despite the large variability of the environmental settings of the studied sites there are indeed some striking homogeneous soil features in the detachment crowns including (i) soil morphology, (ii) andic features ranging from high to moderate, (iii) high water retention throughout a large range of pressure heads. Results seem to reveal clear cause-effect evidences between andic soils and the investigated catastrophic mudflows/debrisflows; this must be related to the unique physical properties of these soils inducing high landslide vulnerability

Reactive postural responses to continuous yaw perturbations in healthy humans: the effect of aging

Maintaining balance stability while turning in a quasi-static stance and/or in dynamic motion requires proper recovery mechanisms to manage sudden center-of-mass displacement. Furthermore, falls during turning are among the main concerns of community-dwelling elderly population. This study investigates the effect of aging on reactive postural responses to continuous yaw perturbations on a cohort of 10 young adults (mean age 28 ± 3 years old) and 10 older adults (mean age 61 ± 4 years old). Subjects underwent external continuous yaw perturbations provided by the RotoBit1D platform. Different conditions of visual feedback (eyes opened and eyes closed) and perturbation intensity, i.e., sinusoidal rotations on the horizontal plane at different frequencies (0.2 Hz and 0.3 Hz), were applied. Kinematics of axial body segments was gathered using three inertial measurement units. In order to measure reactive postural responses, we measured body-absolute and joint absolute rotations, center-of-mass displacement, body sway, and inter-joint coordination. Older adults showed significant reduction in horizontal rotations of body segments and joints, as well as in center-of-mass displacement. Furthermore, older adults manifested a greater variability in reactive postural responses than younger adults. The abnormal reactive postural responses observed in older adults might contribute to the well-known age-related difficulty in dealing with balance control during turning

Fifteen years of wireless sensors for balance assessment in neurological disorders

Balance impairment is a major mechanism behind falling along with environmental hazards. Under physiological conditions, ageing leads to a progressive decline in balance control per se. Moreover, various neurological disorders further increase the risk of falls by deteriorating specific nervous system functions contributing to balance. Over the last 15 years, significant advancements in technology have provided wearable solutions for balance evaluation and the management of postural instability in patients with neurological disorders. This narrative review aims to address the topic of balance and wireless sensors in several neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, stroke, and other neurodegenerative and acute clinical syndromes. The review discusses the physiological and pathophysiological bases of balance in neurological disorders as well as the traditional and innovative instruments currently available for balance assessment. The technical and clinical perspectives of wearable technologies, as well as current challenges in the field of teleneurology, are also examined

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG-supplemented formula expands butyrate-producing bacterial strains in food allergic infants.

Dietary intervention with extensively hydrolyzed casein formula supplemented with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (EHCF+LGG) accelerates tolerance acquisition in infants with cow's milk allergy (CMA). We examined whether this effect is attributable, at least in part, to an influence on the gut microbiota. Fecal samples from healthy controls (n=20) and from CMA infants (n=19) before and after treatment with EHCF with (n=12) and without (n=7) supplementation with LGG were compared by 16S rRNA-based operational taxonomic unit clustering and oligotyping. Differential feature selection and generalized linear model fitting revealed that the CMA infants have a diverse gut microbial community structure dominated by Lachnospiraceae (20.5±9.7%) and Ruminococcaceae (16.2±9.1%). Blautia, Roseburia and Coprococcus were significantly enriched following treatment with EHCF and LGG, but only one genus, Oscillospira, was significantly different between infants that became tolerant and those that remained allergic. However, most tolerant infants showed a significant increase in fecal butyrate levels, and those taxa that were significantly enriched in these samples, Blautia and Roseburia, exhibited specific strain-level demarcations between tolerant and allergic infants. Our data suggest that EHCF+LGG promotes tolerance in infants with CMA, in part, by influencing the strain-level bacterial community structure of the infant gut

Desastres naturais: convivência com o risco

Estudos sobre riscos de desastres naturais têm-se aprimorado de uma abordagem fisicalista para uma perspectiva socioambiental. No entanto, planejamento e gestão ainda seguem o paradigma antropocêntrico da superioridade humana e do poder ilimitado da ciência e tecnologia. Evidencia-se uma incapacidade cognitiva, cultural e de ação por parte de especialistas, científicos e tomadores de decisão (claimmakers) para identificar e atuar sobre as causas sociais da produção de risco. Frente a uma ciência cartesiana e positivista na resolução de problemas, baseada na segurança e controle sobre o mundo natural, propõe-se uma ciência pós-normal que considera os riscos e incertezas do conhecimento científico e das problemáticas ambientais. Essa nova proposta também incide sobre a participação e o diálogo entre stakeholders como referência para ampliar a qualidade do saber científico e o entendimento da complexidade das questões ambientais. Este artigo discute a necessidade de se promover um salto epistemológico sobre a forma de pensar e produzir conhecimentos, bem como implementar a gestão dos riscos de desastres, tendo como objeto de estudo processos de comunicação e educação para prevenção de desastres.Studies on the risks of natural disasters have improved from a physicalist approach to a social and environmental perspective. However, planning and management still follow the anthropocentric paradigm of human superiority and the unlimited power of science and technology, evincing a cognitive, cultural and action inability on the part of experts, scientists and decision makers (or, rather, claim makers) to identify and act upon the social causes of risk production. In view of the Cartesian and Positivist science used to solve problems, based on security and on control over the natural world, a post-normal science has been proposed that considers the risks and uncertainties of scientific knowledge and environmental issues. This new approach encompasses participation and dialogue among stakeholders as a means to increase the quality of scientific knowledge and acknowledge the complexity of environmental issues. This article discusses the need for an epistemological leap on how we think and produce knowledge, as well as for implementing the management of disaster risk. Its objects of study are communication processes and education for disaster prevention

Il ruolo della grande distribuzione nello sviluppo locale. Un'indagine sul contesto italiano

Supermarkets and hypermarkets still represent a relatively new retailing format in Italy and in its Southern area in particular, where they were introduced decades later than in other Western countries, such as France and the UK in Europe, and the US in America. Nowadays, these retailers have become large organisations potentially capable of influencing local development from an economic, social and urban perspective. The literature concerned with their effects on the local economy, in particular, has focused on labour markets, price dynamics, inter-type competition, instead the impact on macroeconomic factors such as GDP, value added and investments in specific sectors, as agriculture, industry and services. This study tries to fill this gap by empirically investigating associations between key characteristics of these retailers and specific macroeconomic factors