El proceso de la elaboración de los códices "Borgia" y "Vaticano B" basado en su estudio codicológico

The aim of this article is to present the observations made during the work with the original codices Borgia (Borg. Mess. 1) and Vaticano B (Vat. Lat. 3773) in the Vatican Library in 2014. This codicological study, even if partial because it was realized only by means of direct observation, revels new data regarding the elaboration of the pre-Hispanic manuscripts. These data include the process of the elaboration of the skin (the material of the codices), as well as the procedures applied when drawing images and correct mistakes.El objetivo de este artículo es presentar las observaciones realizadas durante la consulta de los originales de los códices Borgia (Borg. Mess. 1) y Vaticano B (Vat. Lat. 3773) en la Biblioteca Apostólica Vaticana en 2014. Este estudio codicológico, aunque a la fuerza parcial, dado que fue realizado solamente por medio de una observación directa, revela nuevos datos acerca de la elaboración de los manuscritos prehispánicos, tanto en la preparación de la piel como soporte como en los procedimientos aplicados a la hora de trazar las imágenes y corregir las equivocaciones

Zainteresowania i świadomość czytelnicza słuchaczy grup polonijnych

Zadanie pt. Digitalizacja i udostępnienie w Cyfrowym Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego kolekcji czasopism naukowych wydawanych przez Uniwersytet Łódzki nr 885/P-DUN/2014 zostało dofinansowane ze środków MNiSW w ramach działalności upowszechniającej naukę

International trade and labor issues: Linkages and tensions in a globalizing economy.

This thesis has been inspired by the current attempts to formally link international labor and trade systems. It explores the relationship that exists between these systems and how it has been affected by the globalization of economy and legalization of global affairs. The major focus of this study is to show the tensions that accompany the attempts to bring international labor and trade systems into closer cooperation. Especially the divisions between the developed and developing countries are examined. This study looks at these issues from the liberal perspective. It provides a comprehensive analysis of the trade and labor systems exploring their structures, major objectives and principles. It looks at the documents, reports and conference materials to find the provisions and stances that regard the linkages between labor and trade. Also, an overview of relevant literature is offered to show major concepts there presented. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)Dept. of History, Philosophy, and Political Science. Paper copy at Leddy Library: Theses & Major Papers - Basement, West Bldg. / Call Number: Thesis2004 .M55. Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 43-03, page: 0729. Adviser: Anna Lanoszka. Thesis (M.A.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 2004

Secret language in oral and graphic form : Religious-magic discourse in Aztec speeches and manuscripts

Abstract The aim of this study is to analyze the linguistic "magical-religious" register of the Nahua people, designated as such because it was used for communication with the sacred realm. In this respect, it represents one of the "sacred languages," as classified by Zumthor (1983:53). Since such registers are less liable to change, they permit the reconstruction--although always imperfectly--of this type of speech as it existed immediately prior to the arrival of the Europeans and in addition the decipherment of (at least some) of the characteristic elements of Nahua oral tradition. In the discussion that follows we develop a hypothesis, namely that in the Mesoamerican codices that focus on calendar-religious subjects, in other words on matters strictly linked to the supernatural world, a similar magical-religious register should be evident. Far from considering the information presented in these sources as resulting from the direct transcription of oral language, my idea is that the graphic form represents elements emblematic of orality, although adapted to this particular context for expression.Quotation marks removed from title to ensure alphabetical order. Difference as follows; "Secret Language" in Oral and Graphic Form: Religious-Magic Discourse in Aztec Speeches and Manuscript

Навчання лексики дітей у ранньому шкільному віці у польських школах Великої Британії (Teaching lexis to young children -the case of Polish supplementary school in Great Britain)

Стаття є спробою проаналізувати як вчителі польської мови вчать лексики дітей у ранньому шкільному віці у суботніх школах Великої Британії. Текст складається з теоретичної частини та дослідницької, котра представляє результати анкетних досліджень. Закінченням статті є пропозиції автора, котрі випливають з проведених досліджень. (The article presents what methods and techniques are used to teach lexis to young children in Polish supplementary schools in Great Britain for whom Polish is either the first or the second language. It is assumed, that in Great Britain there are over 140 supplementary schools, where there are 11 000 students. The article consists of a theoretical part and a research one. The first part describes the Polish supplementary education in Great Britain and the most important issues concerning process of language acquisition and learning (Piaget’s ognitive theory, Vygotsky’s cognitive theory of human cultural and bio-social development, E.Ericoson’s theory on psychosocial developement in the school time). Besides, the article gives, accordingly, a general overview of child development in the early school years and of its consequences for the teaching process. The reasearch part presents the results of an elaborated survey. It was made by using questionnaires filled in by 41 Polish teachers, who live in the United Kingdom. The questionnaire was divided into three main parts and had 14 questions.

Nanomechanics of Ig-like domains of human contactin (BIG-2)

Contactins are modular extracellular cell matrix proteins that are present in the brain, and they are responsible for the proper development and functioning of neurons. They contain six immunoglobulin-like IgC2 domains and four fibronectin type III repeats. The interactions of contactin with other proteins are poorly understood. The mechanical properties of all IgC2 domains of human contactin 4 were studied using a steered molecular dynamics approach and CHARMM force field with an explicit TIP3P water environment on a 10-ns timescale. Force spectra of all domains were determined computationally and the nanomechanical unfolding process is described. The domains show different mechanical stabilities. The calculated maxima of the unfolding force are in the range of 900–1700 pN at a loading rate of 7 N/s. Our data indicate that critical regions of IgC2 domains 2 and 3, which are responsible for interactions with tyrosine phosphatases and are important in nervous system development, are affected by even weak mechanical stretching. Thus, tensions present in the cell may modulate cellular activities related to contactin function. The present data should facilitate the interpretation of atomic force microscope single-molecule spectra of numerous proteins with similar IgC2 motives

Clinical manifestations of Graves’ disease among adults - a review of literature

Introduction: The most common cause of hyperthyroidism among adults is Graves' disease. The symptoms that occur in the course of this disease affect various systems and organs, including the skin, eyes, cardiovascular system, nervous system and respiratory system. The aim of the study: The aim of the work was to review available publications and materials and present the current state of knowledge on possible symptoms of Graves' disease among adults. Material and method: A review of publications available in the PubMed database was conducted. Articles were searched in English using keywords such as Graves' disease, hyperthyroidism, thyrotoxicosis, thyroid disease. Subsequently, works related to the subject of the publication were selected. Conclusions: Graves' disease is a fairly common endocrine disorder, but its diagnosis can be delayed due to the variety and non-specificity of symptoms. In untreated cases, hyperthyroidism can lead to a life-threatening condition. Effective antithyroid drugs are available, so it is important to remain vigilant and recommend monitoring thyroid function tests if there are suspicions of its dysfunction