71 research outputs found

    Gelatinase-mediated Migration and Invasion of Cancer Cells

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    Dream 3.0. Documentation of references supporting the links in the classification scheme

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    Both the Driving Reliability and Error Analysis Method (DREAM; Ljung, 2002) and the SafetyNet Accident Causation System (SNACS; Ljung, 2006) have been successfully used as tools for accident analysis in Sweden as well as in other European countries. While the drivervehicle/ traffic environment-organisation triad are used as frames of reference and the Contextual Control Model (COCOM; Hollnagel, 1998) is used to organise human cognition, the links in the classification schemes have not been established by referring to literature. The aim of this literature review is therefore to investigate the empirical support for the links in the classification scheme of DREAM 3.0 (an updated version of DREAM/SNACS)

    Thermal proteome profiling of breast cancer cells reveals proteasomal activation by CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib

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    Palbociclib is a CDK4/6 inhibitor approved for metastatic estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. In addition to G1 cell cycle arrest, palbociclib treatment results in cell senescence, a phenotype that is not readily explained by CDK4/6 inhibition. In order to identify a molecular mechanism responsible for palbociclib-induced senescence, we performed thermal proteome profiling of MCF7 breast cancer cells. In addition to affecting known CDK4/6 targets, palbociclib induces a thermal stabilization of the 20S proteasome, despite not directly binding to it. We further show that palbociclib treatment increases proteasome activity independently of the ubiquitin pathway. This leads to cellular senescence, which can be counteracted by proteasome inhibitors. Palbociclib-induced proteasome activation and senescence is mediated by reduced proteasomal association of ECM29. Loss of ECM29 activates the proteasome, blocks cell proliferation, and induces a senescence-like phenotype. Finally, we find that ECM29 mRNA levels are predictive of relapse-free survival in breast cancer patients treated with endocrine therapy. In conclusion, thermal proteome profiling identifies the proteasome and ECM29 protein as mediators of palbociclib activity in breast cancer cells

    Transcriptional networks controlling the cell cycle.

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    In this work, we map the transcriptional targets of 107 previously identified Drosophila genes whose loss caused the strongest cell-cycle phenotypes in a genome-wide RNA interference screen and mine the resulting data computationally. Besides confirming existing knowledge, the analysis revealed several regulatory systems, among which were two highly-specific and interconnected feedback circuits, one between the ribosome and the proteasome that controls overall protein homeostasis, and the other between the ribosome and Myc/Max that regulates the protein synthesis capacity of cells. We also identified a set of genes that alter the timing of mitosis without affecting gene expression, indicating that the cyclic transcriptional program that produces the components required for cell division can be partially uncoupled from the cell division process itself. These genes all have a function in a pathway that regulates the phosphorylation state of Cdk1. We provide evidence showing that this pathway is involved in regulation of cell size, indicating that a Cdk1-regulated cell size checkpoint exists in metazoans

    Vem kan man lita pĂ„? FörĂ€ndringar i politiskt, institutionellt och socialt förtroende bland Ă€ldre i Österbotten

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    Trusting other people and societal institutions is crucial for social cohesion. Previous research indicates that there has been a decrease in the level of trust in Finland during the last decades. However, this has not been investigated among older adults specifically. The aim of this study is to investigate changes in political, institutional, and social trust from 2005 to 2016 among older Swedish-speaking and Finnish-speaking adults. The data were derived from the Gerontological Regional Database (GERDA) survey conducted in the region of Ostrobothnia, Finland. The sample included 65- and 75-year-olds and consisted of 1545 individuals in 2005 and 1742 individuals in 2016. Logistic regression was used to estimate the probability of having high trust according to year and language group in each trust measure while adjusting for various sociodemographic factors. The level of political and institutional trust was significantly lower in 2016 compared to 2005, while there was no statistically significant change in the level of social trust. Further, the changes in the trust measures varied between the language groups. The decrease in trust found in this study is a potential threat to social capital, which is an important facilitator for active aging, and should therefore be acknowledged and investigated further.Luottamus toisiin ihmisiin ja yhteiskunnallisiin instituutioihin on keskeinen osa sosiaalista yhtenĂ€isyyttĂ€. Aiempi tutkimus on viitannut luotettavuustasojen laskeneen Suomessa viimeisten vuosikymmenien aikana. TĂ€tĂ€ ei kuitenkaan ole tutkittu etenkÀÀn ikÀÀntyneen vĂ€estön nĂ€kökulmasta. TĂ€mĂ€n tutkimuksen tavoitteena on analysoida vuosien 2005 ja 2016 vĂ€listĂ€ poliittista, institutionaalista ja sosiaalista luottamusta ruotsin- ja suomenkielisten ikÀÀntyneiden ihmisten keskuudessa. Tutkimuksessa analysoitava data on perĂ€isin Pohjanmaan maakunnassa toteutetusta GERDA-kyselytutkimuksesta (Gerontologisk Regional Databas). Tutkimuksen otos sisĂ€llytti 65- ja 75-vuotiaita ikÀÀntyneitĂ€ ja se koostui 1545 henkilöstĂ€ vuonna 2005 ja 1742 henkilöstĂ€ vuonna 2016. Logistista regressiota kĂ€ytettiin arvioimaan korkean luotettavuuden todennĂ€köisyyttĂ€ tutkimusvuoden ja kieliryhmÀÀn kuuluvuuden mukaisesti kussakin luottamusmitassa samalla kun erilaiset sosiodemografiset tekijĂ€t sisĂ€llytettiin kontrollimuuttujiksi. Poliittisen ja institutionaalisen luottamuksen taso oli tilastollisesti merkittĂ€vĂ€sti alhaisempi vuonna 2016 verrattuna vuoteen 2005, kun taas sosiaalisen luottamuksen suhteen ei havaittu merkittĂ€viĂ€ muutoksia. Tulokset paljastivat myös, ettĂ€ muutokset luottamusmitoissa vaihtelivat kieliryhmien vĂ€lillĂ€. TĂ€ssĂ€ tutkimuksessa havaitut alhaisemmat luottamustasot ovat mahdollinen uhka sosiaaliselle pÀÀomalle, joka puolestaan on tĂ€rkeĂ€ aktiivisen ikÀÀntymisen mahdollistaja. TĂ€mĂ€n vuoksi luottamustasojen laskua on tarkkailtava ja tutkittava edelleen.Förtroende för andra mĂ€nniskor och samhĂ€lleliga institutioner Ă€r centralt för den sociala sammanhĂ„llningen. Tidigare forskning indikerar att förtroendenivĂ„erna i Finland har sjunkit under de senaste decennierna. Detta har dock inte undersökts specifikt bland den Ă€ldre befolkningen, och i synnerhet inte för de Ă€ldre i landskapet Österbotten. Syftet med denna studie Ă€r att analysera förĂ€ndringar i politiskt, institutionellt och socialt förtroende frĂ„n Ă„r 2005 till 2016 bland svensk- och finsksprĂ„kiga Ă€ldre personer i Österbotten. I studien analyseras data frĂ„n enkĂ€tstudien Gerontologisk Regional Databas (GERDA) utförd i Österbotten. Urvalet inkluderade 65- och 75-Ă„ringar och bestod av 1545 individer Ă„r 2005 och 1742 individer Ă„r 2016. Logistisk regression anvĂ€ndes för att estimera sannolikheten för att ha högt förtroende enligt studieĂ„r och sprĂ„kgruppstillhörighet i vartdera förtroendemĂ„tt samtidigt som olika sociodemografiska faktorer inkluderades som kontrollvariabler. NivĂ„n av politiskt och institutionellt förtroende var statistiskt signifikant lĂ€gre Ă„r 2016 jĂ€mfört med 2005 medan ingen signifikant förĂ€ndring hittades gĂ€llande det sociala förtroendet. Resultaten visade ocksĂ„ att förĂ€ndringarna i förtroendemĂ„tten varierade mellan sprĂ„kgrupperna. De lĂ€gre nivĂ„erna av förtroende som hittades i denna studie Ă€r ett potentiellt hot mot det sociala kapitalet som i sin tur Ă€r en viktig möjliggörare för ett aktivt Ă„ldrande och borde dĂ€rför uppmĂ€rksammas och undersökas vidare

    Cellular allometry of mitochondrial functionality establishes the optimal cell size

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    Eukaryotic cells attempt to maintain an optimal size, resulting in size homeostasis. While cellular content scales isometrically with cell size, allometric laws indicate that metabolism per mass unit should decline with increasing size. Here we use elutriation and single-cell flow cytometry to analyze mitochondrial scaling with cell size. While mitochondrial content increases linearly, mitochondrial membrane potential and oxidative phosphorylation are highest at intermediate cell sizes. Thus, mitochondrial content and functional scaling are uncoupled. The nonlinearity of mitochondrial functionality is cell size, not cell cycle, dependent, and it results in an optimal cell size whereby cellular fitness and proliferative capacity are maximized. While optimal cell size is controlled by growth factor signaling, its establishment and maintenance requires mitochondrial dynamics, which can be controlled by the mevalonate pathway. Thus, optimization of cellular fitness and functionality through mitochondria can explain the requirement for size control, as well as provide means for its maintenance

    NQO2 is a reactive oxygen species generating off-target for acetaminophen

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    [Image: see text] The analgesic and antipyretic compound acetaminophen (paracetamol) is one of the most used drugs worldwide. Acetaminophen overdose is also the most common cause for acute liver toxicity. Here we show that acetaminophen and many structurally related compounds bind quinone reductase 2 (NQO2) in vitro and in live cells, establishing NQO2 as a novel off-target. NQO2 modulates the levels of acetaminophen derived reactive oxygen species, more specifically superoxide anions, in cultured cells. In humans, NQO2 is highly expressed in liver and kidney, the main sites of acetaminophen toxicity. We suggest that NQO2 mediated superoxide production may function as a novel mechanism augmenting acetaminophen toxicity

    Sekretariatet för selektivt fiske

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    Under hösten/vintern 2015/2016 genomförde sekretariatet för selektivt fiske,vid institutionen för akvatiska resurser (SLU-Aqua) tillsammans med svenskt yrkesfiske, nio projekt inom ramen för regeringsuppdraget selektivt fiske. Den övergripande mĂ„lsĂ€ttningen för alla projekt inom selektivt fiske Ă€r att underlĂ€tta införandet av den landningsskyldighet som beslutats i och med reformen av EU:s gemensamma fiskeripolitik. Projekten syftade dĂ€rför till att minska oönskad fĂ„ngst i svenskt fiske antingen genom att utveckla befintliga fiskemetoder (framförallt inom trĂ„lfiske) eller genom att utveckla alternativa fiskemetoder (frĂ€mst passiva redskap sĂ„som fĂ€llor och burar). 1. "Kombinationsrist för utsortering av fisk och smĂ„ rĂ€kor" (HaV Dnr 1718-15) 2. ”Selektivitet anpassad för smĂ„ rĂ€ktrĂ„lare” (HaV Dnr 1488-16) 3. "RĂ€kburar” (HaV Dnr 1892-15) 4. ”Vidareutveckling av storleksselektiv krĂ€ftrist Halland” (HaV Dnr 1717-15) 5. ”TrĂ„l för fĂ„ngst av plattfisk och stor torsk-rist/stormaskig trĂ„l” (HaV Dnr 1716-15) 6. "FörbĂ€ttrad selektivitet i torsktrĂ„lar i Östersjön" (HaV Dnr 2384-15) 7. "Utsortering av grĂ„sej i pelagiska trĂ„lar" (HaV Dnr 1715-15) 8. "Selektiv laxfĂ€lla" (HaV Dnr 1713-15) 9. "Multifunktionsburar" (HaV Dnr 1712-15) Projekten genomfördes genom att förslag togs fram gemensamt av SLU-Aqua och nĂ€ringen utifrĂ„n fiskets uttryckliga behov och idĂ©er. Projektförslagen prioriterades och beslutades av en sĂ€rskild styrgrupp pĂ„ Havs- och vattenmyndigheten (HaV), varefter SLU-Aqua upphandlade utförare och agerade projektledare. Vinnande part ansvarade sedan för att anskaffa och utveckla respektive projektidĂ© enligt projektplanen med stöd frĂ„n sekretariatet. Projekten avslutades genom en vetenskaplig utvĂ€rdering dĂ€r personal frĂ„n SLUAqua deltog i ett experimentellt fiske dĂ€r det nyutvecklade redskapets fĂ„ngstegenskaper dokumenterades och analyserades under kommersiella fiskeförhĂ„llanden
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