Diseño y preparación de un laboratorio virtual de Química Analítica: Técnicas instrumentales de análisis

La reciente pandemia del COVID-19 ha supuesto un cambio excepcional y drástico de la concepción tradicional del aprendizaje, tanto para los estudiantes como para los docentes. Ante esta situación se requiere no sólo acciones que faciliten la adaptación de los estudiantes y profesores a las plataformas educativas en línea, sino también a que éstas se conviertan en auténticas herramientas para potenciar y mejorar de forma significativa el aprendizaje del alumno. El presente proyecto de Innovación Educativa y Mejora de la Calidad Docente pretende mejorar la calidad del aprendizaje de varias asignaturas de los Grados de Química e Ingeniería Química que llevan asociado un Laboratorio de Técnicas Instrumentales. Tradicionalmente esa docencia práctica ha sido presencial, pero la situación excepcional surgida con la pandemia en el curso 2019/2020, ha demostrado que disponer de unas prácticas virtualizadas es de gran ayuda para facilitar el aprendizaje de los alumnos y facilitar una transferencia del conocimiento constructivo y colaborativo. Desde hace años, el personal docente e investigador (PDI), personal de administración y servicios (PAS) y los estudiantes de la UCM, disponemos de la plataforma de enseñanza online Moodle (Campus Virtual, CV). Sin embargo, la pandemia que vivimos ha evidenciado la brecha digital en lo referente a cómo usar Moodle y, por ende, la utilización de las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (TICs) como facilitadoras didácticas. A pesar de nuestras limitaciones, tanto profesores como estudiantes, hemos desarrollado una enorme capacidad resiliente, lo que permitió, durante el pasado mes de mayo, la puesta en marcha de los primeros laboratorios en línea en el Departamento de Química Analítica de la UCM. Fruto de esta experiencia, así como de la situación actual de incertidumbre para el curso próximo, algunos profesores, estudiantes y PAS del departamento hemos decidido adelantarnos a un escenario futuro en el que se contemple nuevamente la impartición de Docencia Experimental en línea y solicitar el presente proyecto de Innovación Educativa y Mejora de la Calidad Docente

EDUCACIÓN AMBIENTAL Y SOCIEDAD. SABERES LOCALES PARA EL DESARROLLO Y LA SUSTENTABILIDAD

Este texto contribuye al análisis científico de varias áreas del conocimiento como la filosofía social, la patología, la educación para el cuidado del medio ambiente y la sustentabilidad que inciden en diversas unidades de aprendizaje de la Licenciatura en Educación para la Salud y de la Maestría en Sociología de la SaludLas comunidades indígenas de la sierra norte de Oaxaca México, habitan un territorio extenso de biodiversidad. Sin que sea una área protegida y sustentable, la propia naturaleza de la región ofrece a sus visitantes la riqueza de la vegetación caracterizada por sus especies endémicas que componen un paisaje de suma belleza

Productive and economic response to concentrate supplementation by grazing dairy cows at high stocking

Small-scale dairy systems contribute to ameliorate rural poverty and to local milk supply. Their sustainability is limited by high feeding costs, mainly from purchased concentrates (CC); whereas a higher reliance on quality forage may improve profitability; but high stocking rates may justify high CC use. The objective of this work was to assess the productive and economic response by grazing dairy cows to levels of CC under grazing of ryegrass–white clover pastures under high stocking rate (4 cows/ha). Six Holstein milking cows were replicated assigned 3 X 3 Latin Square arrangements. Daily milk yield and composition were recorded, and feed intake estimated from utilised metabolizable energy. Treatments were: T1= 1.0 kg T6= 3.0 kg and T6= 6.0 kg concentrate/cow/d. There were significant differences (P0.05). Herbage intake was significantly (P0.05) between T1 and T3. There were no differences in margins over feeding costs, but feeding cost per kg of milk was 2.2 times higher in T6 compared to T1, and margin per kilo of milk was 26 % higher in T1 than T6. Although milk yields are higher with T6, T1 and T3 require less expenditures and margins are similar. Supplementation may alleviate high grazing pressure that deteriorates pastures, ensuring the long-term sustainability of small-scale dairy farming systems

Evaluación de los componentes del manejo antes, durante y después de la matanza y su asociación con la presencia de carne DFD en bovinos del noreste de México

A total of 27 management variables (before, during and after slaughter) in 394 bovines were analyzed and used to determine their association and explanatory value with the presence of DFD (Dark, Firm, Dry) beef, using probability ratios in a multiple logistic regression model. The study was conducted from November 2016 to August 2017 on a Federal Inspection Type slaughterhouse located in northeastern Mexico. The presence of DFD beef was 13.45%. A contrast was made between classes for the factors evaluated by means of Student’s t and Chi-square according to the nature of the variable as a criterion for inclusion in logistic modeling. Ten of the variables showed statistical significance (P<0.05) in these tests, but only four of them presented explanatory value in the final multiple logistic model (P<0.01), which were: the waiting time prior to death, poor desensitization, the thickness of the subcutaneous fat and pH differential of the carcass established with 24 h of difference. The first two increased the possibility in the presence of DFD beef, on the contrary, the fat thickness and pH differential were inversely proportional. The four variables included in the final model were present at different stages and are of a different nature. For this reason, to effectively prevent this problem, a multicausal evaluation is needed throughout the slaughter process.Un total de 27 variables de manejo (antes, durante y después del sacrificio) en 394 bovinos fueron analizadas y utilizadas para determinar su asociación y valor explicativo con la presencia de carne DFD (Dark, Firm, Dry, por sus siglas en inglés), mediante las razones de probabilidad en un modelo de regresión logística múltiple. El estudio se realizó de noviembre de 2016 a agosto de 2017 en un rastro Tipo Inspección Federal localizado en el noreste de México. La presencia de carne DFD fue del 13.45 %. Se realizó un contraste entre clases para los factores evaluados mediante t Student y Ji cuadrada en función de la naturaleza de la variable como criterio de inclusión en la modelación logística. Diez de las variables mostraron significación estadística (P<0.05) en estas pruebas, pero solo cuatro de ellas presentaron valor explicativo en el modelo logístico múltiple final (P<0.01), las cuales fueron: el tiempo de espera previo a la muerte, un mal insensibilizado, el espesor de la grasa subcutánea y diferencial de pH de la canal establecido con 24 h de diferencia. Las dos primeras aumentaron la posibilidad en la presencia de carne DFD, por el contrario, el espesor de grasa y el diferencial de pH fueron inversamente proporcionales. Las cuatro variables incluidas en el modelo final estuvieron presentes en diferentes etapas y son de naturaleza distinta. Por esta razón, para prevenir de manera efectiva este problema se necesita una evaluación multicausal en todo el proceso de matanza

The timing of pasture allocation and grass silage supplementation affect pasture intake, milk production and nitrogen partitioning of dairy cows

Aim of study: To evaluate the effect of time of pasture allocation (PA) and grass silage allocation on dry matter (DM) intake, grazing behaviour, milk production, rumen function and N partitioning of grazing dairy cows. Area of study: Valdivia, Chile Material and methods: Forty-five Holstein-Friesian cows were selected from the Austral Agricultural Research Station at the Universidad Austral de Chile. Cows were allocated to one of three treatments: MPA: 75% of PA and 25% of the silage allowance allocated in the morning; BPA: 50% of PA and silage allowance allocated in the morning; APA: 25% of the PA and 75% of the silage allowance allocated in the morning. All treatments received the complement of pasture and silage allowance in the afternoon. Cows received a daily PA of 21 kg dry DM, 3 kg DM of grass silage and 3.5 kg DM of concentrate. Main results: Grazing time was not affected by treatments, however, grazing time between afternoon-morning milking was longer for APA. DM intake and milk production were not modified by treatments, averaging 15.6 kg DM/cow and 22.7 kg milk/d, respectively. Rumen propionate was greater for BPA than APA (18.8 and 17.7 mmol/100 mol, respectively). N intake and N excretion throughout milk, urine and feces were not modified by treatments, averaging 458, 119, 195 and 144 g N/d, respectively. Research highlights: The combination of time of pasture and grass silage allocation is not an adequate strategy to modify pasture intake, milk production and N excretion in dairy cows

The timing of pasture allocation and grass silage supplementation affect pasture intake, milk production and nitrogen partitioning of dairy cows

Aim of study: To evaluate the effect of time of pasture allocation (PA) and grass silage allocation on dry matter (DM) intake, grazing behaviour, milk production, rumen function and N partitioning of grazing dairy cows.Area of study: Valdivia, ChileMaterial and methods: Forty-five Holstein-Friesian cows were selected from the Austral Agricultural Research Station at the Universidad Austral de Chile. Cows were allocated to one of three treatments: MPA: 75% of PA and 25% of the silage allowance allocated in the morning; BPA: 50% of PA and silage allowance allocated in the morning; APA: 25% of the PA and 75% of the silage allowance allocated in the morning. All treatments received the complement of pasture and silage allowance in the afternoon. Cows received a daily PA of 21 kg dry DM, 3 kg DM of grass silage and 3.5 kg DM of concentrate.Main results: Grazing time was not affected by treatments, however, grazing time between afternoon-morning milking was longer for APA. DM intake and milk production were not modified by treatments, averaging 15.6 kg DM/cow and 22.7 kg milk/d, respectively. Rumen propionate was greater for BPA than APA (18.8 and 17.7 mmol/100 mol, respectively). N intake and N excretion throughout milk, urine and feces were not modified by treatments, averaging 458, 119, 195 and 144 g N/d, respectively.Research highlights: The combination of time of pasture and grass silage allocation is not an adequate strategy to modify pasture intake, milk production and N excretion in dairy cows

Relationship between the Composition of Lipids in Forages and the Concentration of Conjugated Linoleic Acid in Cow&rsquo;s Milk: A Review

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), has been shown to have protective effects against various diseases, such as obesity, arteriosclerosis, diabetes, chronic inflammatory diseases, and cancer. This fatty acid in ruminants results from two processes, biohydrogenation, which takes place in the rumen, and de novo synthesis, carried out in the mammary gland, and it has linoleic and &alpha;-linolenic acids as its precursors. The amounts of precursors in the diets of animals are related to the amounts of CLA in milk. In the literature review, it was found that the milk of cows fed fresh forage has a higher amount of CLA because they have a higher amount of linoleic acid and &alpha;-linolenic acid compared to other foods used in the diets of cows. The amount of CLA precursors in pastures can be increased through agronomic practices, such as nitrogen fertilization, and regrowth age. It is also a technique used to increase the amount of CLA in milk to obtain a greater benefit regarding its nutritional value

UEMCOM radio: refuerzo de competencias mediante streaming y podcasting

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