Sustainable management: a strategic challenge for a global minerals and metals industry

This paper refers to the concept of sustainable management as the management approach which efficiently integrates economic, environmental and social issues into the operations of the minerals and metals industries, with the aim of creating long-term benefits for all stakeholders, and securing the support, cooperation, and trust of the local community. Among many other issues, sustainable management deals with strategy, responsible project feasibility decisions, managing for operational efficiency, improved risk management, enhanced stakeholder relationships, and corporate reputation. Overall, it deals with seeking long-term competitive advantages through responsible management of environmental and social issues. An essential requirement for sustainable management is the corporate commitment to the values of sustainability, but this is not sufficient. Also essential is the development of a business culture where sustainability is a high professional and business value. Furthermore, an organizational structure with specific roles and integration mechanisms and adequate management systems are also required. Regarding business culture, a well-established business code is a necessary but an insufficient condition. Sustainable management relies on individual ethical conduct and trust to foster full participation of stakeholders and to encourage commitment among them. It allows decision making at appropriate levels in the organization and encourages individual risk-taking for continuous improvement. Without trust, social licence is not achievable. In this paper, the concept of sustainable management is introduced as the management approach that integrates a business culture, strong leadership and an organizational structure that strives for long term economics benefits through sustainability. To achieve this goal, sustainability must be vertically integrated at three organizational levels (corporate, divisional and operational) and three functional levels (strategy, planning and implementation)

On the variational structure of breather solutions

In this paper we give a systematic and simple account that put in evidence that many breather solutions of integrable equations satisfy suitable variational elliptic equations, which also implies that the stability problem reduces in some sense to $(i)$ the study of the spectrum of explicit linear systems (\emph{spectral stability}), and $(ii)$ the understanding of how bad directions (if any) can be controlled using low regularity conservation laws. We exemplify this idea in the case of the modified Korteweg-de Vries (mKdV), Gardner, and sine-Gordon (SG) equations. Then we perform numerical simulations that confirm, at the level of the spectral problem, our previous rigorous results, where we showed that mKdV breathers are $H^2$ and $H^1$ stable, respectively. In a second step, we also discuss the Gardner and the Sine-Gordon cases, where the spectral study of a fourth-order linear matrix system is the key element to show stability. Using numerical methods, we confirm that all spectral assumptions leading to the $H^2\times H^1$ stability of SG breathers are numerically satisfied, even in the ultra-relativistic, singular regime. In a second part, we study the periodic mKdV case, where a periodic breather is known from the work of Kevrekidis et al. We rigorously show that these breathers satisfy a suitable elliptic equation, and we also show numerical spectral stability. However, we also identify the source of nonlinear instability in the case described in Kevrekidis et al. Finally, we present a new class of breather solution for mKdV, believed to exist from geometric considerations, and which is periodic in time and space, but has nonzero mean, unlike standard breathers.Comment: 55 pages; This paper is an improved version of our previous paper 1309.0625 and hence we replace i

The determinants of the quality of Sales-Marketing Interface in a Multinational Customer Brand Focused Company: The Latin American Branches

Customer evolution and changes in consumers, determine the fact that the quality of the interface between marketing and sales may represent a true competitive advantage for the firm. Building on multidimensional theoretical and empirical models developed in Europe and on social network analysis, the organizational interface between the marketing and sales departments of a multinational high-growth company with operations in Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay is studied. Both, attitudinal and social network measures of information exchange are used to make operational the nature and quality of the interface and its impact on performance. Results show the existence of a positive relationship of formalization, joint planning, teamwork, trust and information transfer on interface quality, as well as a positive relationship between interface quality and business performance. We conclude that efficient design and organizational management of the exchange network are essential for the successful performance of consumer goods companies that seek to develop distinctive capabilities to adapt to markets that experience vertiginous change

La esencia del formalismo ético.

Sin resume

Book review Christopher Butler & Javier Martín Arista, eds. Deconstructing constructions, Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2009

En la introducción a este volumen colectivo, los editores traen a colación el concepto de desconstrucción como método dialéctico de discusión y análisis consistente en invertir las jerarquías en las que se sustentan nuestros principios organizativos y cognoscitivos. El título elegido para el libro, por tanto, está plenamente justificado. Los editores han seleccionado una serie de trabajos que se caracterizan por mirar a los modelos lingüísticos funcionalistas desde el cognitivismo, así como por ver las aportaciones de los cognitivistas desde la perspectiva de los funcionalistas

Personal aircraft: a more affordable luxury

Access to luxury products has been limited traditionally to the upper classes. Products and services related to the means of transport have usually been considered of luxury and industrialization has made accessible to much of the population in developed countries. An emerging market is personal aircraft which is currently restricted to certain layers of society but it is expected that their use will represent the next great advance in transport. This article has the object of presenting the results of ongoing research and it focuses on possible demand and the tendency to use this transport option in Spanish societ

Old English verbs of increasing: the semantics and syntax of change in size

[EN] This article aims at defining a class of Old English verbs of increasing based on both their common semantic components and grammatical behavior. On the theoretical side, the framework of verb classes and alternations is combined with Role and Reference Grammar. The data selected for this study have been extracted from both textual and lexicographical sources. After the analysis of the linking between syntax and semantics in this set of verbs, the conclusion is reached that āðindan, āweaxan, ēacan, (ge)ēacnian and (ge)weaxan are the best candidates for membership of the verbal class of increasing, considering the constructions and alternations that they present.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (FFI2017-83360P)Lacalle Palacios, M. (2021). Old English verbs of increasing: the semantics and syntax of change in size. Revista de Lingüística y Lenguas Aplicadas. 16(1):123-141. https://doi.org/10.4995/rlyla.2021.14700OJS123141161Dictionaries and thesauriBosworth, J. and T. N. Toller. 1973 (1898). An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Clark Hall, J. R. 1996 (1896). A Concise Anglo-Saxon Dictionary. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.Healey, A. diPaolo (ed.). (2018). The Dictionary of Old English in Electronic Form A-I. Toronto: Dictionary of Old English Project, Centre for Medieval Studies, University of Toronto.Kay, C., J. Roberts, M. Samuels, and I. Wotherspoon (eds.). (2009). Historical thesaurus of the Oxford English dictionary (2 vols.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.Roberts, J. and C. Kay with L. Grundy. 2000 (1995). A Thesaurus of Old English (2 vols.). Amsterdam: Rodopi. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004488922Sweet, H. 1976 (1896). The Student's Dictionary of Anglo-Saxon. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Corpora and databasesHealey, A. diPaolo (ed.) with J. Price Wilkin and X. Xiang. (2004). The Dictionary of Old English Web Corpus. Toronto: Dictionary of Old English Project, Centre for Medieval Studies, University of Toronto.Pintzuk S. and L. Plug. (2001). The York-Helsinki Parsed Corpus of Old English Poetry [http://www-users.york.ac.uk/~lang18/pcorpus.html].Taylor, A., A. Warner, S. Pintzuk, and F. Beths. (2003). The York-Toronto-Helsinki Parsed Corpus of Old English Prose [https://www-users.york.ac.uk/~lang22/YcoeHome1.htm].Martín Arista, J. (ed.), L. García Fernández, M. Lacalle Palacios, A. E. Ojanguren López, and E. Ruiz Narbona. (2016). NerthusV3. Online Lexical Database of Old English. Nerthus Project. Universidad de La Rioja [www.nerthusproject.com].Bibliographical references(1899). The Holy Bible Translated from the Latin Vulgate (Douay-Rheims Version). Tan books and publishers.Allen, C. (1995). Case marking and reanalysis: Grammatical relations from Old to Early Modern English. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Blake, M. (ed. and trans.). (2009). Ælfric's De Temporibus Anni. Cambridge: D. S. Brewer.Bradley, S. A. J. (1982). Anglo-Saxon Poetry. London: J.M. Dent & Sons LTD.Campbell, A. (1987). Old English Grammar. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Denison, D. (1993). English Historical Syntax: Verbal Constructions. London: Longman.Faber, P. and R. Mairal. (1999). Constructing a Lexicon of English Verbs. Berlin: Mouton. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110800623Foley, W. and R. Van Valin. (1984). Functional Syntax and Universal Grammar. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.García Fernández, L. (2018). The Lemmatisation of the Verbal Lexicon of Old English on a Relational Database. Preterite-Present, Contracted, Anomalous and Strong VII Verbs. PhD Dissertation. University of La Rioja.García García, L. (2019). The basic valency orientation of Old English and the causative ja-formation: a synchronic and diachronic approach. English Language and Linguistics 24 (1): 153-177. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1360674318000345García Pacheco, C. L. (2013). Los verbos de sentimiento en inglés antiguo: Arquitectura léxica e interfaz semántica-gramática. PhD Dissertation. University of La Laguna.García Pacheco, L. M. (2013). El dominio verbal de la existencia en anglosajón. Análisis semántico-sintáctico. PhD Dissertation. University of La Laguna.Hogg, R. M. and R. D. Fulk. (2011). A Grammar of Old English. Volume 2: Morphology. Oxford: Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444327472Hostetter, A. K. (2015a). Beowulf. Rutgers. Retrieved from https://oldenglishpoetry.camden.rutgers.edu/beowulf/Hostetter, A. K. (2015b). Genesis A & B. Rutgers. Retrieved from https://oldenglishpoetry.camden.rutgers.edu/genesis-ab/Hostetter, A. K. (2015c). Homiletic Fragments. Rutgers. Retrieved from https://oldenglishpoetry.camden.rutgers.edu/homiletic-fragments/Hostetter, A. K. (2015d). Maxims I. Rutgers. Retrieved from https://oldenglishpoetry.camden.rutgers.edu/maxims-i/Kastovsky, D. (1992). "Semantics and Vocabulary". In R. Hogg (ed.), The Cambridge History of the English Language I: The Beginnings to 1066. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 290-408. https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521264747.006Levin, B. (1993). English Verb Classes and Alternations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Martín Arista, J. (2000a). "Sintaxis medieval inglesa I: complementación, caso y sintaxis verbal". In I. de la Cruz Cabanillas and J. Martín Arista (eds.), Lingüística histórica inglesa. Barcelona: Ariel, 224-312.Martín Arista, J. (2000b). "Sintaxis medieval inglesa II: funciones, construcciones y orden de constituyentes". In I. de la Cruz Cabanillas and J. Martín Arista (eds.), Lingüística histórica inglesa. Barcelona: Ariel, 313-377.Martín Arista, J. (2012). Lexical database, derivational map and 3D representation. Revista Española de Lingüística Aplicada (Extra 1): 119-144.Martín Arista, J. (2013). Nerthus. Lexical Database of Old English: From Word-Formation to Meaning Construction. Lecture delivered at the English Linguistics Research Seminar (Centre for Research in Humanities), University of Sheffield.Martín Arista, J. (2017). El paradigma derivativo del inglés antiguo. Onomazeín 37: 144-169. https://doi.org/10.7764/onomazein.37.05Martín Arista, J. (2018). The semantic poles of Old English: Toward the 3D representation of complex polysemy. Digital Scholarship in the Humanities 33 (1): 96-111. https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqx004Martín Arista, J. (2020). Old English Rejoice verbs. Derivation, grammatical behaviour and class membership. POETICA 93: 133-153.Martín Arista, J. and F. Cortés Rodríguez. (2014). "From directionals to telics: meaning construction, word-formation and grammaticalization in Role and Reference Grammar". In M. A. Gómez González, F. Ruiz de Mendoza Ibáñez and F. Gonzálvez García (eds.), Theory and Practice in Functional-Cognitive Space. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 229-250. https://doi.org/10.1075/sfsl.68.10marMcLaughlin, J. (1983). Old English syntax: a handbook. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783111411590Metola Rodríguez, D. (2015). Lemmatisation of Old English Strong Verbs on a Lexical Database. PhD Dissertation. University of La Rioja.Miller, T. (ed. and trans.). 1959 (1890). The Old English Version of Bede's Ecclesiastical History of the English People. Part I, 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Mitchell, B. (1985). Old English Syntax (2 vols.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198119357.001.0001Möhlig-Falke, Ruth. (2012). The Early English Impersonal Construction. An Analysis of Verbal and Constructional Meaning. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199777723.001.0001Molencki, R. (1991). Complementation in Old English. Katowice: Uniwersytet Slaski.Morris, R. (ed.). 1967 (1874). The Blicking Homilies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Norman, H. (1849). The Anglo-Saxon Version of the Hexameron of St. Basil. London: John Russell Smith.Ogura, M. (1986a). Old English 'Impersonal' Verbs and Expressions. Copenhagen: Rosenkilde and Bagger.Ogura, M. (1986b). Old English Verbs of Thinking. Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 87 (3): 325-341.Ogura, M. (1989). Verbs with the Reflexive Pronoun and Constructions with SELF in Old and Early Middle English. Cambridge: D. S. Brewer.Ogura, M. (2002). Verbs of Motion in Medieval English. Cambridge: D. S. Brewer.Ogura, M. (2008). Old English Verbs of Tasting with Accusative/Genitive/Of-Phrase. Neophilologus 92 (3): 517-522. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11061-007-9098-0Ogura, M. (2013). Words and Expressions of Emotion in Medieval English. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. https://doi.org/10.3726/978-3-653-02780-8Ogura, M. (2018). Periphrases in Medieval English. Berlin: Peter Lang. https://doi.org/10.3726/b14460Ojanguren López, A. E. (2019a). The Classes of Old English Inaction Verbs. Linking, Alternations and Constructions. PhD Dissertation, University of La Rioja.Ojanguren López, A. E. (2019b). Old English verbs of prohibition. Grammatical behaviour and class membership. SELIM 24 (1): 1-28. https://doi.org/10.17811/selim.24.2019.1-28Ojanguren López, A. E. (2020). The Semantics and Syntax of Old English End Verbs. Atlantis 42 (1): 163-188. https://doi.org/10.28914/Atlantis-2020-42.1.09Ojanguren López, A. E. (Forthcoming). Interclausal relations with Old English verbs of inaction. Synchronic variation and diachronic change. Revista Española de Lingüística Aplicada.Ono, S. (1989). On Early English syntax and vocabulary. Tokyo: Nan'un-do.Penttilä, E. (1956). The Old English verbs of vision: A semantic study. Helsinki: Société Néophilologique.Quirk, R. and C. L. Wrenn. 1994 (1955). An Old English Grammar. DeKalb, Illinois: Northern Illinois University Press.Ruíz Narbona, E. (2018). Transitivising Formations in Competition? Lability and the Effects of Preverbs on Old English Causative Oppositions. PhD Dissertation, University of La Rioja.Skeat, W. W. (ed.) 1966 (1890). Ælfric's Lives of Saints. Volume II. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Swanton, M. (ed. and trans.). (1975). Anglo-Saxon Prose. Guilford, Surrey, UK: Dent & Sons LTD.Sweet, H. (ed.). (1871). King Alfred's West-Saxon Version of Gregory's Pastoral Care. London: Trübner & Co.Thorpe, B. (ed. and trans.). (1844). The Homilies of the Anglo-Saxon Church. Volume I. London: Red Lion Court.Thorpe, B. (ed. and trans.). (1846). The Homilies of the Anglo-Saxon Church. Volume II. London: Red Lion Court.Thorpe, B. (ed. and trans.). (1865). Diplomatorium Anglicum Ævi Saxonici. A Collection of English Charters. London: Macmillan & Co.Timofeeva, O. (2010). Non-finite constructions in Old English. PhD Dissertation. University of Helsinki.Tío Sáenz, M. (2019). The Lemmatisation of Old English Weak Verbs on a Relational Database. PhD Dissertation. University of La Rioja.Traugott, E. C. (1992). "Syntax". In R. Hogg (ed.), The Cambridge History of the English Language I: The Beginnings to 1066. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 168-289. https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521264747.005Van Valin, R. (2005). Exploring the Syntax-Semantics Interface. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511610578Van Valin, R. (2014). Some questions concerning accomplishments. Lecture delivered at the 2014 Symposium on Verbs, Clauses and Constructions, held at the University of La Rioja.Van Valin, R. and R. LaPolla. (1997). Syntax: Structure, meaning and function. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139166799Vendler, Z. 1967 (1957). Linguistics in philosophy. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. https://doi.org/10.7591/9781501743726Visser, F. (1963-1973). An Historical Syntax of the English Language (4 vols.). Leiden: Brill.Weman, B. (1933). Old English semantic analysis and theory: with special reference to verbs denoting locomotion. Lund: A.-b. P. Lindstedts univ.-bokhandel

Review of Butler, C. and J. Martín Arista (eds.)(2009). Deconstructing Constructions. Amsterdam: John Benjamins

Lacalle Palacios, M. (2011). Review of Butler, C. and J. Martín Arista (eds.)(2009). Deconstructing Constructions. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Revista de Lingüística y Lenguas Aplicadas. 6:357-360. doi:10.4995/rlyla.2011.916SWORD357360

LEXICAL OPERATIONS AND HIGH -LEVEL SYNTACTIC OPERATIONS WITH OLD ENGLISH -A, -E, -O, AND -U

[EN] The aim of this article is to explain the lexical and high-level syntactic operations comprising the Old English suffixes -a, -e, -o and -u. Previous research has dealt with these suffixes, which constitute an area of overlapping between inflection and derivation, in terms of inflection, zero derivation or continuity between inflection and derivation. The position adopted in this article is that these affixes are fully derivational, although interesting points of convergence with inflection arise that deserve discussion. In this respect, a fundamental difference is made between explicit and implicit morphological relations. Such relations are considered in the derivational and the inflectional dimensions. Regarding lexical operations, the analysis concentrates on the subjective and objective functions realized by these suffixes, while, as far as high-level syntactic operations are concerned, a distinction is drawn between motivated and unmotivated inflective relations. The fact that most of the suffixes under scrutiny perform the subjective and the objective function is in keeping with the Separation Hypothesis, in terms of which grammatical morphemes are the output of phonological operations independent of the semantic operations that they realize. The results are also in accordance with the Universal Grammatical Function Theory, which predicts that the functions of inflectional and lexical derivation are the same.This research has been funded through the project FFI08-04448/FILO.Lacalle Palacios, M. (2011). LEXICAL OPERATIONS AND HIGH -LEVEL SYNTACTIC OPERATIONS WITH OLD ENGLISH -A, -E, -O, AND -U. Revista de Lingüística y Lenguas Aplicadas. 6:243-260. doi:10.4995/rlyla.2011.906SWORD243260

Human Capital as an Asset Class: Implications from a General Equilibrium Model

This paper derives the value and the risk of aggregate human capital in a dynamic equilibrium production model with Duffie-Epstein preferences. In this setting the expected return of a risky asset is a function of the asset's covariance with consumption growth and a weighted average of the asset's covariance with aggregate wage growth and aggregate financial returns. A calibration of the model matching the historical ratio of wages to consumption in the United States (85% between 1950 and 2007) suggests that the weight of human capital in aggregate wealth is 87%. The results of the calibration follow from the relative size of wages and dividends in the economy and the dynamics of the ratio of wages to consumption, which are counter-cyclical. As a result, human capital is less risky than equity, implying that the risk premium of human capital is lower than that of equity.