Anatomie comparée des ratites

Les ratites sont un groupe dont l’importance à grandit au cours des dernières années aussi bien par les élevages d’autruches ou d’émeus pour leur viande que par leur place en parc zoologique. Dans un contexte comme dans l’autre, les vétérinaires sont amenés à faire des autopsies de ces animaux. Il est donc important de connaître l’anatomie de chaque espèce pour pouvoir reconnaître le pathologique du physiologique, mais aussi pour pouvoir adapter les gestes cliniques tels que des prises de sang, des injections ou encore la contention au mieux possible pour chaque individu. Cet ouvrage présente une comparaison de l’anatomie des différentes espèces du groupe des ratites entre-elles et mais aussi par rapport aux autres oiseaux, et montre en quoi ces particularités anato-miques ont une importance pour la clinique

Nouveaux blocs inscrits ou décorés dans le rempart antique de Bordeaux

In 2002, the continuation of the works preceding the construction of the tramway at the crossroad of the place Pey-Berland, rue Duffour-Dubergier and cours d’Alsace-et-Lorraine, met with the remparts of the Low-Empire in Bordeaux, at the very spot where a stele bearing an inscription had been brought to light. The disassembling of the three upper strata disclosed eight blocks, previously parts of funeral monuments having been re-employed in the building of the foundations of the rempart. Five stelae with inscriptions, one of them with a human figuration, three cippi and one element of a frieze of a mausoleum had been concentrated in the same place by the gallo-roman masons. The epitaphs enable us to identifie four individuals : Cinturina (?), who died aged twenty, Clymenus Albini li[b(erius)], a freedman, and a double dedication to Bella, who died aged twenty-five, and Ianuarius aged one. Then, a last, broken epitaph with only two letters left.En 2002, la poursuite des travaux préalables à la construction du tramway au carrefour de la Place Pey-Berland, de la rue Duffour-Dubergier et du cours Alsace et Lorraine, a porté atteinte au rempart du Bas-Empire de Bordeaux, à l’emplacement même où une stèle funéraire avec inscription avait déjà été mise au jour. Le démontage des trois assises supérieures a révélé la présence de huit blocs provenant de monuments funéraires et utilisés en remploi dans les fondations de l’enceinte. Cinq stèles inscrites, dont une à personnage, trois cippes et un élément de frise de mausolée avaient été concentrées au même endroit par les maçons gallo-romains. Les épitaphes permettent d’identifier quatre individus : Cinturina (?), morte à 20 ans ; Clymenus Albini li[b(ertus)], un affranchi, et une dédicace double concernant Bella, morte à 25 ans, associée à Ianuarius, mort à 1 an. Enfin, une dernière épitaphe brisée ne comporte que deux lettres.Migeon Wandel, Zieglé Anne. Nouveaux blocs inscrits ou décorés dans le rempart antique de Bordeaux. In: Aquitania : une revue inter-régionale d'archéologie, tome 19, 2003. pp. 291-299

Anatomie comparée des ratites

Les ratites sont un groupe dont l importance à grandit au cours des dernières années aussi bien par les élevages d autruches ou d émeus pour leur viande que par leur place en parc zoologique. Dans un contexte comme dans l autre, les vétérinaires sont amenés à faire des autopsies de ces animaux. Il est donc important de connaître l anatomie de chaque espèce pour pouvoir reconnaître le pathologique du physiologique, mais aussi pour pouvoir adapter les gestes cliniques tels que des prises de sang, des injections ou encore la contention au mieux possible pour chaque individu. Cet ouvrage présente une comparaison de l anatomie des différentes espèces du groupe des ratites entre-elles et mais aussi par rapport aux autres oiseaux, et montre en quoi ces particularités anato-miques ont une importance pour la clinique.TOULOUSE-EN Vétérinaire (315552301) / SudocSudocFranceF

Strong offshore site effect revealed by a broad-band seismometer installed on the Nice airport slope at 17 m water depth (South-East of France)

International audienceUsing earthquakes and seismic noise recordings on a broad-band station installed in October 2016 on the slope of the Nice airport at 17 m depth, we find a strong site amplification of the seismic waves (factor 10 around a frequency of 1Hz).The effects of superficial layers on the amplitude, frequency and duration of seismic waves (often called site effect) has been extensively studied during the last two decades because it is responsible of large damages. Until now, site effect studies were only realized inland; the potential offshore site effect generated by sediment layers has therefore never been studied specifically. Nonetheless, a correct estimation of the amplification caused by offshore sediments is of great importance for three main applications:-Landslides and tsunamis : seismic waves can trigger submarine landslides, that themselves can trigger tsunami waves. In numerical simulations and geotechnical experiments, it is then important to take into account the potential input wave amplifications. -Offshore paleoseismology: strong vibrations generated by large earthquakes can trigger turbidite landslides. Turbidite stratigraphy is then a powerful tool often used to evidence and characterize the occurrence of ancient earthquakes. A correct amplitude of the seismic ground motion that takes into account site effects, has then to be estimated in models to correctly infer the magnitude of ancient earthquakes.-Offshore infrastructures: in many highly populated zones, in order to gain new space, buildings and/or infrastructures are more and more often constructed on offshore areas.In order to test and quantify these potential amplifications under the sea, we installed a broad-band seismometer “PRIMA” on the slope of the airport of the city of Nice (south-east of France) at a depth of 17 meters. The seismological station PRIMA belongs to the EMSO-Nice cabled observatory (EMSO: European Multidisciplinary Seafloor and water-column Observatory).We then analyze the recordings of local and regional earthquakes and ambient seismic noise on this station, and compare them with the recordings of nearby stations inland (max 3 km away). We find a clear amplification of waves of a factor of ~10 (compared with inland station situated on rock) at a frequency of 0.8-1Hz, as well as smaller amplification peaks at higher frequencies for local earthquakes. These amplification will be compared with data from high resolution seismic profiles in order to better understand their origin.This result is particularly important for the city of Nice. Indeed, the airport slope already experienced a large landslide in 1979, which triggered a tsunami wave that killed 10 persons and caused extensive damages all along the coast. It is them of upmost importance to be able to evaluate if a future earthquake could cause the same domino effect

Sinuous gullies on Mars: frequency, distribution, and implications for flow properties

International audienceRecent gullies on Mars are suspected to be the result of liquid‐water‐bearing flows. A formation from wet flows has been challenged by studies invoking granular (dry) flows. Our study focuses on the sinuous shapes observed for some of the recent Martian gullies. Sinuous gullies are found in locations and slopes (of 10°-15°) similar to straight gullies, and they are therefore related to the same formation processes. Numerical simulations of granular flows are performed here by introducing topographic variations such as obstacles, roughness, or slope changes that could possibly generate flow sinuosity. None of these simulations was able to reproduce sinuous shapes on a slope lower than 18° with friction angles typical of dry granular material. The only way to simulate sinuous shapes is to create small‐amplitude periodic variations of the topography of the deposit, an origin not supported by current Martian imagery. Given the presence of sinuosity in natural terrestrial debris flows, we have concluded that sinuous Martian gullies are better reproduced by liquid‐water‐bearing debris flows. Sinuous shapes in leveed flows are used to derive mechanical parameters from several Martian gullies using photoclinometry. Values in yield strength of 100-2200 Pa, velocities of 1.1-3.3 m s−1, and viscosities from 40 to 1040 Pa s are found, which are all within the range of values for terrestrial debris flows with various proportions of liquid water (20%-40%)

Seismic and landslides hazards in the high stakes area of the Nice Côte d'Azur airport

International audienceA smart city must be equipped with efficient and interconnected transportation. Unfortunately, economic or operational reasons for creating an infrastructure sometimes compete with imperatives of natural hazards. The case of Nice Cote d'Azur airport is an interesting example. As air traffic increased, the airport has been progressively extended. The largest extension occurred between 1975 and 1979 when a large amount of backfill material has been accumulated on the continental shelf to reclaim land and create new tracks. In October 1979, a submarine landslide destroyed part of a seawall under construction and killed 10 people. This landslide was associated with a tsunami wave that swept the coast from Menton to Antibes: the damage was significant but much less than if it had occurred in summer during the tourist season. This disaster stopped all projects in the area for 40 years. However, recently, development projects have again been mentioned (information relayed by the press) with, in particular, the idea of a new port near the airport, able to accommodate ferries.For several years now, scientists have been working on the area to qualify natural hazard. Their results show that the airport tracks are subsiding [1] and that the surrounding offshore area is subject to recurrent small landslides [2], while geotechnical studies point to its unstable nature [3]. Recently, a seismological sensor installed under the sea during two years has recorded small local earthquakes. Our analysis of the signals revels a strong amplification effect of seismic waves related with the presence of a thick layer of sediments. Likewise, a future larger earthquake would also be amplified in this area, accentuating the potential for a significant submarine landslide. A domino effect is therefore to be feared: an earthquake, a landslide, a tsunami and maybe the only major local airport unable to operate properly in a time of crisis.A smart city should be a safe and resilient city that takes into account the contributions of all its stakeholders, including scientists. How scientific results can be taken into account into public decisions is still an open question.[1] Cavalié O., Sladen A., & Kelner M. (2015) Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences [2] Kelner M., Migeon S. et al. (2016) Marine Geology [3] Dan G., Sultan et al. (2007) Marine Geology

Mites and ticks (Acari)

Corresponding author: Maria Navajas ([email protected])International audienceThe inventory of the alien Acari of Europe includes 96 species alien to Europe and 5 cryptogenic species. Among the alien species, 87 are mites and 9 tick species. Besides ticks which are obligate ectoparasites, 14 mite species belong to the parasitic/predator regime. Among these species, some invaded Europe with rodents (8 spp.) and others are parasitic to birds (2 spp). Th e remaining 77 mite species are all phytophagous and among these 40% belong to the Eriophyidae (37 spp.) and 29% to the Tetranychidae (27 spp.) families. Th ese two families include the most signifi cant agricultural pest. Th e rate of introductions has exponentially increased within the 20th century, the amplifi cation of plant trade and agricultural commodities movements being the major invasion pathways. Most of the alien mite species (52%) are from North America, Asia (25%), and Central and South America (10%). Half of the ticks (4 spp.) alien to Europe originated from Africa. Most of the mite species are inconspicuous and data regarding invasive species and distribution range is only partially available. More research is needed for a better understanding of the ecological and economic eff ects of introduced Acar

The fate of trace elements during combustion of woody biomass collected from a phytoremediation field trial.

International audienc