Freud, la tradition métaphysique et la modernité

Il y a différentes manières d’interroger le rapport de Freud à la philosophie. On pourrait en distinguer trois. La première consisterait à déceler parmi les philosophes, essentiellement du xixe siècle, ceux qui ont contribué à préparer l’avènement d’un discours nouveau. Une autre reviendrait à mettre en évidence les multiples références de Freud lui-même, qu’elles soient explicites ou implicites, à la philosophie. Une troisième s’intéresserait plutôt à l’influence du freudisme sur la pensée d..

Flexural strengthening of RC slabs with prestressed CFRP strips using different anchorage systems

In the field of flexural strengthening of concrete structures the Externally Bonded Reinforcement (EBR) technique using carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRP) is commonly used. This technique offers several structural advantages when the CFRP material is prestressed. One of the critical aspects of a prestressing technique is the type of end anchorage. Two systems are investigated in the present paper: the metallic anchorage elements fixed to the ends of the FRP reinforcement and the gradient anchorage. In order to assess the performance of these two systems, an experimental program was carried out. In addition to the anchorage systems, the cross-section geometry of the CFRP strip was also included in this study. Eight slabs were monotonically tested under displacement control up to failure by using a four-point bending test configuration. The observed performance of the tested slabs is critically analyzed.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT

Área central de Florianópolis: implicações do processo de revitalização urbana na vitalidade do setor leste | Central area of Florianópolis: implications of the process of urban revitalization in vitality of the setor leste

O centro fundador de Florianópolis, situado na parte insular da capital de Santa Catarina, desde 2013 vem recebendo investimentos públicos e privados voltados à revitalização urbana. Localizada na área central da cidade, a porção leste da Praça XV de Novembro, denominada como Pedreira ou Setor Leste, foi pioneira na constituição de uma malha urbana adensada e diversificada e, desde a gradativa descentralização dos serviços públicos e o fortalecimento de novas centralidades na ilha, a área vivencia há anos um deflagrado processo de degradação do espaço urbano. Levanta-se a hipó­tese de que as propostas de revitalização urbana para o Setor Leste não contemplam preocupações com a vida urbana e social remanescentes na área, assim como a manutenção dos atributos espaciais característicos da paisagem local. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar a pesquisa que analisou os atributos espaciais que influenciam na qualidade da vida urbana e na identificação da estrutura formal do Setor Leste, utilizando leituras urbanas, mapas de análise morfológica consubstanciado pela interpretação do referencial teórico conceitual e entrevistas a campo. A pesquisa demonstrou que o Setor Leste apresenta atributos físico-espaciais pre­servados, com vasta infraestrutura, mas há carência de moradias, característica do centro urbano, que contribui para o processo de degradação do espaço público e privado, e para a sensação de abandono e insegurança do lugar

Reforço à flexão de lajes de betão armado com laminados de CFRP pré-esforçados : comportamento em estado limite último e de utilização

No contexto do reforço estrutural à flexão com recurso aos laminados de CFRP (Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymers), a técnica EBR (Externally Bonded Reinforcement) é frequentemente utilizada. A aplicação de CFRP pré-esforçados acumula as vantagens da técnica EBR com as do pré-esforço externo. O sistema de ancoragem desempenha um papel fundamental nos sistemas de reforço com laminados de CFRP pré-esforçados. Por esta razão, neste trabalho desenvolveu-se um programa experimental, composto por 8 lajes de betão armado, com o principal objetivo de analisar dois sistemas de ancoragem: (i) ancoragem metálica e (ii) ancoragem do gradiente de força. Além dos sistemas de ancoragem, foi também analisada a influência da geometria do laminado de CFRP. Através dos resultados obtidos verificou-se uma melhoria do comportamento das lajes pré-esforçadas ao nível do estado limite último e de utilização

Comportamento de lajes de betão armado reforçadas com laminados de CFRP pré-esforçados

O presente artigo resume o trabalho experimental relativo a ensaios à flexão até à rotura em 12 lajes de betão armado reforçadas com laminados de CFRP pré-esforçados. Foram estudados os seguintes parâmetros: dois sistemas de ancoragem (ancoragem metálica e ancoragem do gradiente de força), sistema passivo versus passivo, largura (50 mm e 80 mm) e espessura (1.2 mm e 1.4 mm) do laminado de CFRP e a influência da geometria da laje (2600 mm e 2200 mm de comprimento). No presente artigo o programa experimental é descrito e os principais resultados são apresentados e analisados

Flexural behaviour of RC slabs strengthened with prestressed CFRP strips using different anchorage systems

The Externally Bonded Reinforcement (EBR) technique using Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymers (CFRP) has been commonly used to strengthen concrete structures in flexure. The use of prestressed CFRP material offers several advantages well-reported in the literature. Regardless of such as benefits, several studies on different topics are missing. The present work intends to contribute to the knowledge of two commercially available systems that differ on the type of anchorage: (i) the Mechanical Anchorage (MA), and (ii) the Gradient Anchorage (GA). For that purpose, an experimental program was carried out with twelve slabs monotonically tested under displacement control up to failure by using a four-point bending test configuration. The effect of type of anchorage system (MA and GA), prestrain level (0 and 0.4%), width (50 mm and 80 mm) and thickness (1.2 mm and 1.4 mm) of the CFRP laminate, and the surface preparation (grinded and sandblasted) on the flexural response were the main studied parameters. Better performance was observed for the slabs: (i) with prestressed laminates, (ii) for the MA system, and (iii) with sandblasted surface preparation.This work is supported by FEDER funds through the Operational Program for Competitiveness Factors - COMPETE and National Funds through FCT - Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology under the project FRPreDur - PTDC/ECM-EST/2424/2012. The authors also like to thank all the companies that have been involved supporting and contributing for the development of this study, mainly: S&P Clever Reinforcement Iberica Lda, S&P Clever Reinforcement Company (Switzerland), Tecnipor - Gomes & Taveira Lda., Via lam - Industrias Metalurgicas e Metalomecanicas, Lda., Hilti Portugal-Produtos e Servicos, Lda. The first and second authors wish also to acknowledge the grants SFRH/BD/98309/2013 and SFRH/BD/94850/2013, respectively, provided by FCT

The use of Brazilian vegetable oils in nanoemulsions: an update on preparation and biological applications

Vegetable oils present important pharmacological properties, which gained ground in the pharmaceutical field. Its encapsulation in nanoemulsions is considered a promising strategy to facilitate the applicability of these natural compounds and to potentiate the actions. These formulations offer several advantages for topical and systemic delivery of cosmetic and pharmaceutical agents including controlled droplet size, protection of the vegetable oil to photo, thermal and volatilization instability and ability to dissolve and stabilize lipophilic drugs. For these reasons, the aim of this review is to report on some characteristics, preparation methods, applications and especially analyze recent research available in the literature concerning the use of vegetable oils with therapeutic characteristics as lipid core in nanoemulsions, specially from Brazilian flora, such as babassu (Orbignya oleifera), aroeira (Schinus molle L.), andiroba (Carapa guaianiensis), casca-de-anta (Drimys brasiliensis Miers), sucupira (Pterodon emarginatus Vogel) and carqueja doce (Stenachaenium megapotamicum) oils

Effects of surface characteristics of polymeric nanocapsules on the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of antimalarial quinine

Introduction: The surface charge of nanoparticles, such as nanospheres (NS) and nanocapsules (NC), has been studied with the purpose of improving the in vivo performance of drugs. The aim of this study was to develop, characterize, and evaluate the in vitro antimalarial efficacy of NCP80 and NSP80 (polysorbate coated) or NCEUD and NSEUD (prepared with Eudragit RS 100) loading quinine (QN). Methods: Formulations were prepared by the nanoprecipitation method, followed by wide physicochemical characterization. Antimalarial activity in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice and populational pharmacokinetics (PopPK) in rats were evaluated. Results: The formulations showed a nanometric range (between 138 ± 3.8 to 201 ± 23.0 nm), zeta potential (mV) of −33.1 ± 0.7 (NCP80), −30.5 ± 1 (UNCP80), −25.5 ± 1 (NSP80), −20 ± 0.3 (UNSP80), 4.61 ± 1 (NCEUD), 14.1 ± 0.9 (UNCEUD), 2.86 ± 0.3 (NSEUD) and 2.84 ± 0.6 (UNSEUD), content close to 100%, and good QN protection against UVA light. There was a twofold increase in the penetration of QN into infected erythrocytes with NC compared to that with NS. There was a significant increase in t1/2 for all NC evaluated compared to that of Free-QN, due to changes in Vdss. PopPK analysis showed that NCP80 acted as a covariate to Q (intercompartmental clearance) and V2 (volume of distribution in the peripheral compartment). For NCEUD, V1 and Q were modified after QN nanoencapsulation. Regarding in vivo efficacy, NCEUD increased the survival of mice unlike Free-QN. Conclusion: Cationic nanocapsules modified the pharmacology of QN, presenting a potential alternative for malaria treatment