CARACTERÍSTICAS QUÍMICAS DE SOLO COM VITICULTURA ORGÂNICA E BIODINÂMICA

O sistema de cultivo biodinâmico é uma modalidade de sistema de produção orgânica em que se aplicam produtos segundo um protocolo definido, permitindo estimular algumas características tidas como benéficas para solo e planta. Objetivou-se avaliar as diferenças em valores de parâmetros de solo entre agricultura biodinâmica e orgânica em vinha (Vitis vinifera L.). Foram avaliados matéria orgânica, N total, P assimilável, K, Ca, Mg, Na trocável, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu e B assimilável. Teores solúveis de Cl, K, Ca, Mg, e Na; CTC; salinidade; C/N; amônio, nitrato; areia, silte e argila. Houve maior concentração de amônio no sistema biodinâmico. Não foram encontradas diferenças nos demais parâmetros de fertilidade do solo. O solo com sistema biodinâmico apresentou valores superiores de Ca (solúvel em água) e do índice de salinidade. É possível que essa maior quantidade do elemento cálcio tenha sido originado da constituição química dos preparados biodinâmicos.Palavras-chave: Vitis vinifera L., nitrato, amônio, preparados biodinâmico

The Einstein Cross: constraint on dark matter from stellar dynamics and gravitational lensing

[Abridged] We present two-dimensional line-of-sight stellar kinematics of the lens galaxy in the Einstein Cross, obtained with the GEMINI 8m telescope, using the GMOS integral-field spectrograph. The velocity map shows regular rotation up to ~100 km/s around the minor axis of the bulge, consistent with axisymmetry. The velocity dispersion map shows a weak gradient increasing towards a central (R<1") value of sigma_0=170+/-9 km/s. We deproject the observed surface brightness from HST imaging to obtain a realistic luminosity density of the lens galaxy, which in turn is used to build axisymmetric dynamical models that fit the observed kinematic maps. We also construct a gravitational lens model that accurately fits the positions and relative fluxes of the four quasar images. We find that the resulting luminous and total mass distribution are nearly identical around the Einstein radius R_E = 0.89", with a slope that is close to isothermal, but which becomes shallower towards the center if indeed mass follows light. The dynamical model fits to the observed kinematic maps result in a total mass-to-light ratio (M/L)_dyn=3.7+/-0.5 M_sun/L_sun,I (in the I-band). This is consistent with the Einstein mass M_E = 1.54 x 10^10 M_sun divided by the (projected) luminosity within R_E, which yields a total mass-to-light ratio of (M/L)_E=3.4 M_sun/L_sun,I, with an error of at most a few per cent. We estimate from stellar populations model fits to colors of the lens galaxy a stellar mass-to-light ratio (M/L)_* from 2.8 to 4.1 M_sun/L_sun,I. Although a constant dark matter fraction of 20 per cent is not excluded, dark matter may play no significant role in the bulge of this ~L* early-type spiral galaxy.Comment: 18 pages, 8 figures, published in ApJ, 2010, 719, 148

Determination of masses of the central black holes in NGC524 and NGC2549 using Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics

[abridged] We present observations of NGC524 and NGC2549 with LGS AO obtained at GEMINI North telescope using the NIFS IFU in the K band. The purpose of these observations, together with previously obtained observations with the SAURON IFU, is to determine the masses (Mbh) of the supermassive black holes (SMBH). The targeted galaxies were chosen to have central light profiles showing a core (NGC524) and a cusp (NGC2549), to probe the feasibility of using the galaxy centre as the NGS required for LGS AO. We employ an innovative `open loop' technique. The data have spatial resolution of 0.23" and 0.17" FWHM, showing that high quality LGS AO observations of these objects are possible. We construct axisymmetric three-integral dynamical models which are constrained with both the NIFS and SAURON data. The best fitting models yield Mbh=(8.3 +2.7 -1.3) x 10^8 Msun for NGC524 and Mbh=(1.4 +0.2 -1.3) x 10^7 Msun for NGC2549 (all errors are at the 3 sigma CL). We demonstrate that the wide-field SAURON data play a crucial role in the M/L determination increasing the accuracy of M/L by a factor of at least 5, and constraining the upper limits on Mbh. The NIFS data are crucial in constraining the lower limits of Mbh and in combination with the large scale data reducing the uncertainty by a factor of 2 or more. We find that the orbital structure of NGC524 shows significant tangential anisotropy, while at larger radii both galaxies are consistent with having almost perfectly oblate velocity ellipsoids. Tangential anisotropy in NGC524 coincides with the size of SMBH sphere of influence and the core region in the light profile. We test the accuracy to which Mbh can be measured using seeings obtained from typical LGS AO observations, and conclude that for a typical conditions and Mbh the expected uncertainty is of the order of 50%.Comment: 19 pages, 14 figure

Blood wettability of different dental implant surfaces after different pre-treatments: ultrasonic instrumentation, platelet-rich fibrin coating, and acid etching. An in vitro study

Background: The blood wettability of titanium implant surfaces favors primary osseointegration and tissue healing in peri-implantitis. The current study aims to evaluate this property on the main different kinds of surfaces, brand new and after treatments. Methods: grade IV titanium disks were used, five machined, five laser-treated, five sandblasted. The experiment was on four steps. Between each step, specimens were sterilized. At the end of each step, a 4 \ub5L blood drop was put on the samples, and contact angles were calculated. The steps consisted of\u20141: no treatment; 2: surface instrumentation with an ultrasonic titanium tip; 3: platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) coating and drying with sterile gauze; 4: etching with phosphoric acid, rinse and saline solution and air-drying. At the end of each phase, a blood drop was placed on the surfaces. Blood for PRF preparation and for calculation of contact angles was collected from a single source. Results: average wettability decreased after instrumentation, and increased after the PRF application to a superior level both to the first and second steps. The highest wettability was obtained after etching. This trend is statistically significant for machined and sandblasted surfaces. Conclusions: In the clinical environment, PRF and phosphoric acid used for conditioning exposed implant surfaces can be used for the healing of peri-implant tissue

Características químicas de solo com viticultura orgânica e biodinâmica

Biodynamic farming is a variation of the organic production system in which specific products are applied with a well-defined protocol. One of the main effects of these preparations should be the stimulation of beneficial soil and plant characteristics. The objective was to determine the soil parameters differences existing between biodynamically and organically growth vineyards (Vitis vinifera L.). Several parameters were evaluates: organic matter, total N, pH (H2O), available P, exchangeable values of K, Ca, Mg, assimilable values of Fe, Mn, Cu and B, soluble levels of Cl, K, Ca, Mg and Na, CTC, salinity, C/N, ammonium, nitrate, sand, silt and clay. There was a higher concentration of ammonium in the biodynamic system. With respect to the other soil fertility parameters there were no differences between the two types of management. In biodynamic vineyard, soil had a higher concentration of (soluble) calcium and higher value of salinity. It is possible that the increased amount of calcium in the soil had come from the chemical composition of the biodynamic preparations.sistema de cultivo biodinâmico é uma modalidade de sistema de produção orgânica em que se aplicam produtos segundo um protocolo definido, permitindo estimular algumas características tidas como benéficas para solo e planta. Objetivou-se avaliar as diferenças em valores de parâmetros de solo entre agricultura biodinâmica e orgânica em vinha (Vitis vinifera L.). Foram avaliados matéria orgânica, N total, P assimilável, K, Ca, Mg, Na trocável, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu e B assimilável. Teores solúveis de Cl, K, Ca, Mg, e Na; CTC; salinidade; C/N; amônio, nitrato; areia, silte e argila. Houve maior concentração de amônio no sistema biodinâmico. Não foram encontradas diferenças nos demais parâmetros de fertilidade do solo. O solo com sistema biodinâmico apresentou valores superiores de Ca (solúvel em água) e do índice de salinidade. É possível que essa maior quantidade do elemento cálcio tenha sido originado da constituição química dos preparados biodinâmicos

Chemical characteristics of the soil in a vineyard under organic and biodynamic management

Biodynamic farming is a variation of the organic production system in which specific products are applied with a well-defined protocol. One of the main effects of these preparations should be the stimulation of beneficial soil and plant characteristics. The objective was to determine the soil parameters differences existing between biodynamically and organically growth vineyards (Vitis vinifera L.). Several parameters were evaluates: organic matter, total N, pH (H2O), available P, exchangeable values of K, Ca, Mg, assimilable values of Fe, Mn, Cu and B, soluble levels of Cl, K, Ca, Mg and Na, CTC, salinity, C/N, ammonium, nitrate, sand, silt and clay. There was a higher concentration of ammonium in the biodynamic system. With respect to the other soil fertility parameters there were no differences between the two types of management. In biodynamic vineyard, soil had a higher concentration of (soluble) calcium and higher value of salinity. It is possible that the increased amount of calcium in the soil had come from the chemical composition of the biodynamic preparations

Characterization of apple cultivar susceptibility to Neofusicoccum parvum Brazilian strains

Due to climate change, Neofusicoccum parvum is currently emerging as a new pathogen of Rosaceae plant species. This increases the need of gaining knowledge on the pathogenicity of this fungus, particularly on apple cultivars of considerable economic importance. In this study, the virulence and temperature dependence of N. parvum isolates was assayed on ‘Gala’ and ‘Fuji’ apple fruit and wood. At 25°C and 30°C, ‘Gala’ fruits showed a higher susceptibility to all fungal strains than ‘Fuji’, whereas low infection severity was shown at 15°C and 20°C on both cultivars. Infrared spectroscopy revealed that ‘Fuji’ fruit tissues displayed a higher content of phenolic compounds and pectin esterification degree, as factors possibly correlated with fruit susceptibility. When strain virulence was assayed on wood, no significant difference in susceptibility was detected, as also shown by SEM analysis. The virulence of N. parvum was also tested by assaying the activity of lytic enzymes such as cellulase, polygalacturonase, polymethylgalacturonase, and xylanase

Characterization of apple cultivar susceptibility to Neofusicoccum parvum Brazilian strains

Due to climate change, Neofusicoccum parvum is currently emerging as a new pathogen of Rosaceae plant species. This increases the need of gaining knowledge on the pathogenicity of this fungus, particularly on apple cultivars of considerable economic importance. In this study, the virulence and temperature dependence of N. parvum isolates was assayed on \u2018Gala\u2019 and \u2018Fuji\u2019 apple fruit and wood. At 25\ub0C and 30\ub0C, \u2018Gala\u2019 fruits showed a higher susceptibility to all fungal strains than \u2018Fuji\u2019, whereas low infection severity was shown at 15\ub0C and 20\ub0C on both cultivars. Infrared spectroscopy revealed that \u2018Fuji\u2019 fruit tissues displayed a higher content of phenolic compounds and pectin esterification degree, as factors possibly correlated with fruit susceptibility. When strain virulence was assayed on wood, no significant difference in susceptibility was detected, as also shown by SEM analysis. The virulence of N. parvum was also tested by assaying the activity of lytic enzymes such as cellulase, polygalacturonase, polymethylgalacturonase, and xylanase

Silicio, alleato in vigneto per migliorare la qualit\ue0 dell'uva

L\u2019USO di diversi composti contenenti silicio ha limitato i danni di alcuni problemi che insorgono nel corso della maturazione in particolare per temperature elevate e scarsa disponibilit\ue0 idrica. Non trattandosi di soluzioni risolutive, tuttavia, devono essere sommate a un\u2019accurata gestione della chioma e del suolo, a una buona disponibilit\ue0 di nutrienti nel vigneto e a un\u2019opportuna scelta del livello di esposizione della fascia produttiva. In particolare il caolino risulta ef\ufb01 cace in annate estreme, come nel 2012, riducendo il livello di decolorazione dei grappoli, le anomalie di maturazione, i fenomeni di scottatura da sole e di disidratazione. I prodotti a base di silicio non hanno alterato le caratteristiche organolettiche e sensoriali delle uve alla raccolta