510 research outputs found
Laser soot-Mie scattering in a reacting vortex ring
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/76846/1/AIAA-2001-786-760.pd
Draft Genome Sequences of Six Novel Bacterial Isolates from Chicken Ceca
The chicken is the most common domesticated animal and the most abundant bird in the world. However, the chicken gut is home to many previously uncharacterized bacterial taxa. Here, we report draft genome sequences from six bacterial isolates from chicken ceca, all of which fall outside any named species
Hybrid assembly of an agricultural slurry virome reveals a diverse and stable community with the potential to alter the metabolism and virulence of veterinary pathogens
Background: Viruses are the most abundant biological entities on Earth, known to be crucial components of microbial ecosystems. However, there is little information on the viral community within agricultural waste. There are currently ~ 2.7 million dairy cattle in the UK producing 7â8% of their own bodyweight in manure daily, and 28 million tonnes annually. To avoid pollution of UK freshwaters, manure must be stored and spread in accordance with guidelines set by DEFRA. Manures are used as fertiliser, and widely spread over crop fields, yet little is known about their microbial composition. We analysed the virome of agricultural slurry over a 5-month period using short and long-read sequencing. Results: Hybrid sequencing uncovered more high-quality viral genomes than long or short-reads alone; yielding 7682 vOTUs, 174 of which were complete viral genomes. The slurry virome was highly diverse and dominated by lytic bacteriophage, the majority of which represent novel genera (~ 98%). Despite constant influx and efflux of slurry, the composition and diversity of the slurry virome was extremely stable over time, with 55% of vOTUs detected in all samples over a 5-month period. Functional annotation revealed a diverse and abundant range of auxiliary metabolic genes and novel features present in the community, including the agriculturally relevant virulence factor VapE, which was widely distributed across different phage genera that were predicted to infect several hosts. Furthermore, we identified an abundance of phage-encoded diversity-generating retroelements, which were previously thought to be rare on lytic viral genomes. Additionally, we identified a group of crAssphages, including lineages that were previously thought only to be found in the human gut. Conclusions: The cattle slurry virome is complex, diverse and dominated by novel genera, many of which are not recovered using long or short-reads alone. Phages were found to encode a wide range of AMGs that are not constrained to particular groups or predicted hosts, including virulence determinants and putative ARGs. The application of agricultural slurry to land may therefore be a driver of bacterial virulence and antimicrobial resistance in the environment. [MediaObject not available: see fulltext.
Relationship between latent and rebound viruses in a clinical trial of anti-HIV-1 antibody 3BNC117.
A clinical trial was performed to evaluate 3BNC117, a potent anti-HIV-1 antibody, in infected individuals during suppressive antiretroviral therapy and subsequent analytical treatment interruption (ATI). The circulating reservoir was evaluated by quantitative and qualitative viral outgrowth assay (Q2VOA) at entry and after 6 mo. There were no significant quantitative changes in the size of the reservoir before ATI, and the composition of circulating reservoir clones varied in a manner that did not correlate with 3BNC117 sensitivity. 3BNC117 binding site amino acid variants found in rebound viruses preexisted in the latent reservoir. However, only 3 of 217 rebound viruses were identical to 868 latent viruses isolated by Q2VOA and near full-length sequencing. Instead, 63% of the rebound viruses appeared to be recombinants, even in individuals with 3BNC117-resistant reservoir viruses. In conclusion, viruses emerging during ATI in individuals treated with 3BNC117 are not the dominant species found in the circulating latent reservoir, but frequently appear to represent recombinants of latent viruses
Observations of the Antarctic polar front during FDRAKE 76 : a cruise report
Figures 37 and 38 have been reduced from their original size for the purpose of scanning.During March/April 1976 the small-scale structure of the Antarctic Polar Front was observed in the Drake Passage. The
observations were part of the International Southern Ocean Studies (ISOS) program called FDRAke 76. The purpose of the
program was to obtain densely sampled measurements of temperature,
salinity, dissolved oxygen, and chemical nutrients in
the Polar Front Zone (PFZ) and pilot measurements of horizontal
and vertical velocities in order to explain the above scalar
variability. The PFZ is a region where Antarctic and sub-Antarctic waters intermingle and presumably mix to affect the
properties of Antarctic Intermediate Water. A report on the
third leg of Cruise 107 of the R. V. THOMPSON is presented as
well as a description of the measurements and a preliminary
report of the data. A feature of interest is the pinching off
of a northward meander of the circumpolar current system into
a cyclonic ring of Antarctic Waters.Prepared for the National Science Foundation, Office
for the International Decade of Ocean Exploration,
under Grant OCE75-14056 and the International Southern
Ocean Studies (ISOS) Program
Radio Emission from SN 1994I in NGC 5194 (M 51) - The Best Studied Type Ib/c Radio Supernova
We present the results of detailed monitoring of the radio emission from the
Type Ic supernova SN 1994I from 3 days after optical discovery on 1994 March 31
until eight years later at age 2927 days on 2002 April 05. The data were mainly
obtained using the Very Large Array at the five wavelengths, 1.3, 2.0, 3.6,
6.2, and 21 cm, and from the Cambridge 5 km Ryle Telescope at 2.0 cm. Two
additional measurements were obtained at millimeter wavelengths. This data set
represents the most complete, multifrequency radio observations ever obtained
for a Type Ib/c supernova. The radio emission evolves regularly in both time
and frequency and is well described by established SN emission/absorption
models. It is the first radio supernova with sufficient data to show that it is
clearly dominated by the effects of synchrotron self-absorption at early times.Comment: 43 pages, 5 figure
Maintain Your Brain: outcomes of an online program to prevent cognitive decline with aging.
Background
Efforts to prevent cognitive decline with aging have had mixed results with successful interventions delivered in person. While online approaches are more scalable and feasible to deliver at a population level, no multimodal online intervention has yet been demonstrated efficacy. We aimed to reduce cognitive decline with ageing using an online package of interventions delivered intensively for 12 months followed by monthly boosters for 24 months.
Method
Invitations were sent to people aged 55â77 years from the 45 and Up study, a populationâbased cohort study of one in ten people aged 45 years and older in New South Wales, Australia (n = 267,000). Participants were required to be eligible for at least two of four modules addressing physical inactivity and associated health risks (Physical Activity), adherence to a Mediterraneanâtype diet and health risks associated with poor nutrition (Nutrition), cognitive activity (Brain Training) and mental wellâbeing (Peace of Mind). Participants received modules based on their risks, with 1:1 randomized allocation to active personalised coaching modules (intervention) or static informationâbased modules (control). The primary outcome was change in an online combined multiâdomain cognitive score measured using COGSTATE and Cambridge Brain Sciences tests. Secondary outcomes included specific cognitive domain and ANUâADRI risk scores.
Result
Of 96,418 invitations issued, 14,064 (14%) consented, 11,026 (11%) were eligible and 6,104 (6%) completed all baseline assessments. Over three years, using intention to treat analysis, the intervention group improved significantly more in the global composite cognition (p<0.001). Significant benefits were also found in complex attention, executive function and learning and memory (all p<0.001), as well as on a validated dementia risk instrument (p = 0.007). Results were similar when adjusted for baseline age, gender, dementia risk and number of modules eligible and when analysis was based on those completing followâup.
Conclusion
An online platform tailored to individualsâ risk factor profiles over three years significantly delayed cognitive decline in older adults. This platform is scalable; if delivered at a population level with may help reduce the prevalence of dementia globally
Maintain Your Brain: a 3âyear online randomized controlled trial to reduce cognitive decline in 55â77 year olds
Background
Technology and webâbased approaches potentially provide scalable populationâbased interventions to reduce modifiable risk factors for dementia such as physical inactivity, suboptimal nutrition and low cognitive activity. Our aim was to reduce cognitive decline with ageing using an online package of interventions delivered intensively for 12 months followed by monthly boosters for 24 months. The trial was completed in November 2021.
Method
Invitations were sent to people aged 55â77 years from the 45 and Up study, a populationâbased cohort study of one in ten people aged 45 years and older in New South Wales, Australia (n = 267,000). Participants were required to be eligible for at least two of four modules. The modules addressed physical inactivity and health risks associated with inactivity (Physical Activity), adherence to a Mediterraneanâtype diet and health risks associated with poor nutrition (Nutrition), cognitive activity (Brain Training) and mental wellâbeing (Peace of Mind). All participants received modules based on their risks, with randomized allocation to active personalised coaching modules (intervention) or static informationâbased modules (control). The primary outcome was change in an online combined multiâdomain cognitive score measured using COGSTATE and Cambridge Brain Sciences tests. Secondary outcomes included ANUâADRI risk score, specific cognitive domain scores and diagnoses of dementia.
Result
From 96,418 invitations, 14,064 (14%) consented; 12,281 (13%) were eligible. Of these, 6,236 (6%) completed all 10 baseline assessments and were enrolled in the trial. Nearly 70% or 4,365 participants provided followâup data. At final 36âmonthsâ followâup, 3,482 (55.8%) completed the primary outcome and 2594 (41.6%) had returned informantârated AmsterdamâInstrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale questionnaires.
Conclusion
Online strategies to prevent cognitive decline in 55â77 year olds are feasible and appear acceptable for more than half of participants. Analysis of group*time effects will be presented
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