41 research outputs found
Dephasing Effects by Ferromagnetic Boundary on Resistivity in Disordered Metallic Layer
The resistivity of disordered metallic layer sandwiched by two ferromagnetic
layers at low-temperature is investigated theoretically. It is shown that the
magnetic field acting at the interface does not affect the classical Boltzmann
resistivity but causes a dephasing among electrons in the presence of the
spin-orbit interaction, suppressing the anti-localization due to the spin-orbit
interaction. The dephasing turns out to be stronger in the case where the
magnetization of the two layers is parallel, contributing to a positive
magnetoresistance close to a switching field at low temperature.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures. Title modified in journal versio
Spin dependent scattering of a domain-wall of controlled size
Magnetoresistance measurements in the CPP geometry have been performed on
single electrodeposited Co nanowires exchange biased on one side by a sputtered
amorphous GdCo layer. This geometry allows the stabilization of a single domain
wall in the Co wire, the thickness of which can be controlled by an external
magnetic field. Comparing magnetization, resistivity, and magnetoresistance
studies of single Co nanowires, of GdCo layers, and of the coupled system,
gives evidence for an additional contribution to the magnetoresistance when the
domain wall is compressed by a magnetic field. This contribution is interpreted
as the spin dependent scattering within the domain wall when the wall thickness
becomes smaller than the spin diffusion length.Comment: 9 pages, 13 figure
Integrating human dimensions in decadal-scale prediction for marine socialâecological systems: lighting the grey zone
The dynamics of marine systems at decadal scales are notoriously hard to predictâhence references to this timescale as the âgrey zoneâ for
ocean prediction. Nevertheless, decadal-scale prediction is a rapidly developing field with an increasing number of applications to help guide
ocean stewardship and sustainable use of marine environments. Such predictions can provide industry and managers with information more
suited to support planning and management over strategic timeframes, as compared to seasonal forecasts or long-term (century-scale) predic-
tions. The most significant advances in capability for decadal-scale prediction over recent years have been for ocean physics and biogeochemistry,
with some notable advances in ecological prediction skill. In this paper, we argue that the process of âlighting the grey zoneâ by providing im-
proved predictions at decadal scales should also focus on including human dimensions in prediction systems to better meet the needs and
priorities of end users. Our paper reviews information needs for decision-making at decadal scales and assesses current capabilities for meeting
these needs. We identify key gaps in current capabilities, including the particular challenge of integrating human elements into decadal prediction
systems. We then suggest approaches for overcoming these challenges and gaps, highlighting the important role of co-production of tools and
scenarios, to build trust and ensure uptake with end users of decadal prediction systems. We also highlight opportunities for combining narratives
and quantitative predictions to better incorporate the human dimension in future efforts to light the grey zone of decadal-scale prediction
Cigarette smoking, genetic polymorphisms and colorectal cancer risk: the Fukuoka Colorectal Cancer Study
Background: It is uncertain whether smoking is related to colorectal cancer risk. Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) are important enzymes in the metabolism of tobacco carcinogens, and functional genetic polymorphisms are known for these enzymes. We investigated the relation of cigarette smoking and related genetic polymorphisms to colorectal cancer risk, with special reference to the interaction between smoking and genetic polymorphism. Methods: We used data from the Fukuoka Colorectal Cancer Study, a population-based case-control study, including 685 cases and 778 controls who gave informed consent to genetic analysis. Interview was conducted to assess lifestyle factors, and DNA was extracted from buffy coat. Results: In comparison with lifelong nonsmokers, the odds ratios (OR) of colorectal cancer for <400, 400-799 and â„800 cigarette-years were 0.65 (95 % confidence interval [CI], 0.45-0.89), 1.16 (0.83-1.62) and 1.14 (0.73-1.77), respectively. A decreased risk associated with light smoking was observed only for colon cancer, and rectal cancer showed an increased risk among those with â„400 cigarette-years (OR 1.60, 95 % CI 1.04-2.45). None of the polymorphisms under study was singly associated with colorectal cancer risk. Of the gene-gene interactions studied, the composite genotype of CYP1A1*2A or CYP1A1*2C and GSTT1 polymorphisms was associated with a decreased risk of colorecta
Exchange Bias in Fe@Cr CoreâShell Nanoparticles
We have used X-ray magnetic circular dichroism and magnetometry to study isolated Fe@Cr coreâshell nanoparticles with an Fe core diameter of 2.7 nm (850 atoms) and a Cr shell thickness varying between 1 and 2 monolayers. The addition of Cr shells significantly reduces the spin moment but does not change the orbital moment. At least two Cr atomic layers are required to stabilize a ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic interface and generate the associated exchange bias and increase in coercivity
Magnetic properties of thin chromium layers in Gd/Cr and Y/Cr multilayers studied using Sn-119 Mossbauer spectroscopy
Modification of the spin structure of chromium by an interface effect in Cr(011)/Sn multilayers
Carbohydrate recognition of C3-symmetrical tripodal receptor-type 2,4,6-trisubstituted 1,3,5-triazine derivatives with antiviral activities
IRON SPIN REORIENTATION IN MULTILAYERED Fe/RARE EARTH METAL FILMS
In multilayered Fe/Dy and Fe/Nd films, it is observed from 57Fe Mössbauer spectra that direction of the Fe magnetic moments changes from in-plane to perpendicular to the film plane with decreasing temperature. The relation of the spin reorientation and other magnetic properties is discussed in the Fe/Nd case