La vida al marge del camí: estructures de paisatge per al suport de la biodiversitat a La Garrotxa d'Empordà

Aquest document és una proposta paisatgística de suport a l a biodiversitat i al paisatge agroforestal que sorgeix de la reflexió del canvis que afecten a la Garrotxa d’Empordà i aquells que l’afectaran en el futur per causa del canvi climàtic. És una proposta que té l’objectiu de mantenir, recuperar i preservar un territori amb un paisatge mosaic divers i una agricultura que ha de ser capaç de conservar biodiversitat i generar biodiversitat, per una millora de les condicions ambientals, socials i econòmiques del territori.Award-winnin

Metodologia per a una avaluació energètica comparativa en l'ús dels edificis

A aquest projecte s’analitza alguns paràmetres que el model de certificació actual no contempla, per tal de fer-lo més precís a la realitat de l’ús que es fa de l’habitacle. Es centra en edificis residencials existents degut al gran percentatge que suposen respecte el total del parc d’habitatges. En primer lloc s’analitza la normativa referent a la certificació d’edificis i la seva aplicació a diferents països europeus. Posteriorment s’estudia el funcionament del procediment informàtic utilitzat a Espanya per la certificació d’edificis. Per últim, a partir de les mancances trobades, s’obtenen un seguit d’indicadors aplicables al model de certificació actual amb la finalitat de poder comparar i equiparar vivendes amb usos diferents

El Maltractament a les residències en l'àmbit de les persones grans

Treball Finals de Grau de Treball Social, Facultat de Pedagogia, Universitat de Barcelona, curs: 2013-2014, Tutora: Boixadòs, AdelaAquesta recerca analitza la problemàtica dels maltractaments a les residències, segons la perspectiva dels/les treballadors/es socials entrevistats/des i identifica les actuacions que s'estan duent a terme per prevenir les situacions que afavoreixen que emergeixi el fenomen. La finalitat d'aquesta ha estat incidir i contribuir en la importància d'establir mesures preventives que ajudin a reduir la problemàtica on els/les treballadors/es socials, com agents de canvi i professionals que centren la seva atenció en el benestar de la persona gran, han de contribuir per garantint el respecte, la autonomia i el compliment dels drets de les persones grans. S'ha utilitzant la perspectiva qualitativa, a partir de 14 entrevistes realitzades a treballadors/es socials de residències del Barcelonès i el Maresme. Els resultats extrets mostren, que la majoria dels/les professionals no accepten de forma explícita que es produeixen maltractaments a les residències, tot i havent detectat situacions de risc que afavoreixen l'aparició del fenomen com també, diverses situacions que demostren que hi ha maltractament a les residències. S'ha identificat que no hi ha formació relacionada amb els maltractaments a les residències com també, que no hi ha instruments que serveixin de guia i facilitin als professionals la intervenció davant de situacions de maltractament institucional. Sent la prevenció un aspecte inexistent, per reduir la problemàtica, ja que s'actua en el moment que succeeix. Afegir també, que la situació de crisi actual genera situacions de maltractament a les residències per part de l'administració pública deixant desprotegida a la persona gran

Females of the cellar spider discriminate against previous mates

Mate choice for novel partners should evolve when remating with males of varying genetic quality provides females with fitness enhancing benefits. We investigated sequential mate choice for same or novel mating partners in females of the cellar spider Pholcus phalangioides (Pholcidae) to understand what drives female remating in this system. Pholcus phalan- gioides females are moderately polyandrous and show reluctance to remating, but double-mated females benefit from a higher oviposition probability compared to single-mated females. We exposed mated females to either their former (same male) or a novel mating partner and assessed mating success together with courtship and copulatory behaviours in both sexes. We found clear evidence for mate discrimination: females experienced three fold higher remating probabilities with novel males, being more often aggressive towards former males and accepting novel males faster in the second than in the first mating trial. The preference for novel males suggests that remating is driven by benefits derived from multiple partners. The low remating rates and the strong last male sperm precedence in this system suggest that mating with novel partners that represent alternative genotypes may be a means for selecting against a former mate of lower quality

Insights into aphid prey consumption by ladybirds: Optimising field sampling methods and primer design for High Throughput Sequencing

Elucidating the diets of insect predators is important in basic and applied ecology, such as for improving the effectiveness of conservation biological control measures to promote natural enemies of crop pests. Here, we investigated the aphid diet of two common aphid predators in Central European agroecosystems, the native Coccinella septempunctata (Linnaeus) and the invasive Harmonia axyridis (Pallas; Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) by means of high throughput sequencing (HTS). For acquiring insights into diets of mobile flying insects at landscape scale minimizing trapping bias is important, which imposes methodological challenges for HTS. We therefore assessed the suitability of three field sampling methods (sticky traps, pan traps and hand-collection) as well as new aphid primers for identifying aphid prey consumption by coccinellids through HTS. The new aphid primers facilitate identification to species level in 75% of the European aphid genera investigated. Aphid primer specificity was high in silico and in vitro but low in environmental samples with the methods used, although this could be improved in future studies. For insect trapping we conclude that sticky traps are a suitable method in terms of minimizing sampling bias, contamination risk and trapping success, but compromise on DNA-recovery rate. The aphid diets of both field-captured ladybird species were dominated by Microlophium carnosum, the common nettle aphid. Another common prey was Sitobion avenae (cereal aphid), which got more often detected in C. septempunctata compared to H. axyridis. Around one third of the recovered aphid taxa were common crop pests. We conclude that sampling methodologies need constant revision but that our improved aphid primers offer currently one of the best solutions for broad screenings of coccinellid predation on aphids

Pharmaceutical Expenditure for Diabetes Mellitus in a Region of Spain as Clinical Risk Group, 2012

El contenido de los artículos es de exclusiva responsabilidad de los autores. Los textos pueden reproducirse total o parcialmente citando la fuente.[ES] Se pretende estimar la multimorbilidad asociada con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y su relación con el gasto farmacéutico, para lo cual se realizó un estudio de corte transversal durante el año 2012. Se identificó a 350 015 individuos diabéticos, a través de códigos clínicos, usando la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades y el software 3M Clinical Risk Groups. Todos los pacientes fueron clasificados en cuatro grupos de morbilidad. El primer grupo corresponde al estadio inicial, el segundo grupo incluye el núcleo de multimorbilidad de pacientes en fases intermedia y avanzada, el tercer grupo incluye pacientes con diabetes y enfermedades malignas, y el último grupo es de pacientes en estado catastrófico, principalmente enfermos renales crónicos. La prevalencia bruta de diabetes fue de 6,7 %. El gasto promedio total fue de € 1257,1. La diabetes se caracteriza por una fuerte presencia de otras condiciones crónicas y tiene un gran impacto en el gasto farmacéutico[EN] Estimations of multimorbidity associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and its relationship to pharmaceutical expenditure. Cross-sectional study during 2012. 350,015 diabetic individuals, identified through clinical codes using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problem and the 3M Clinical Risk Groups software. The raw prevalence of diabetes was 6.7 %. All patients were stratified into four morbidity groups. The first group corresponds to the initial state; the second group includes the core multimorbidity patients in the intermediate and advanced stages; the third group includes patients with diabetes and malignancies; the last group patients with catastrophic statuses, manly chronic renal patients. The raw prevalence of diabetes was 6.7 %. The average total cost was € 1257.1. Diabetes is characterized by a strong presence of other chronic conditions have a great impact on pharmaceutical spending.Alvis, L.; Vivas-Consuelo, D.; Caballer Tarazona, V.; Usó Talamantes, R.; Sancho Mestre, C.; Buigues Pastor, L. (2016). Gasto farmacéutico en diabetes mellitus en una región de España según el Clinical Risk Group, 2012. Revista Gerencia y Políticas de Salud. 15(30):68-78. doi:10.11144/Javeriana.rgyps15-30.gfdmS6878153

Mesures excepcionals d’optimització i alternatives als EPI en situació d’emergència de COVID-19

Equips de protecció individual; EPI; Mesures d'optimització; Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; 2019-nCoVEquipos de protección individual; EPI; Medidas de optimización; Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; 2019-nCoVPersonal protective equipment; EPI; Optimization measures; Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; 2019-nCoVEl propòsit del present document és facilitar les recomanacions més segures possibles relacionades amb l’optimització dels equips de protecció individual (EPI) en el present context de pandèmia per COVID-19 i per actuar davant de possibles desabastiments d’aquests equipaments

Bird and bat predation services in tropical forests and agroforestry landscapes

Understanding distribution patterns and multitrophic interactions is critical for managing batâ and birdâ mediated ecosystem services such as the suppression of pest and nonâ pest arthropods. Despite the ecological and economic importance of bats and birds in tropical forests, agroforestry systems, and agricultural systems mixed with natural forest, a systematic review of their impact is still missing. A growing number of bird and bat exclosure experiments has improved our knowledge allowing new conclusions regarding their roles in food webs and associated ecosystem services. Here, we review the distribution patterns of insectivorous birds and bats, their local and landscape drivers, and their effects on trophic cascades in tropical ecosystems. We report that for birds but not bats community composition and relative importance of functional groups changes conspicuously from forests to habitats including both agricultural areas and forests, here termed â forestâ agriâ habitats, with reduced representation of insectivores in the latter. In contrast to previous theory regarding trophic cascade strength, we find that birds and bats reduce the density and biomass of arthropods in the tropics with effect sizes similar to those in temperate and boreal communities. The relative importance of birds versus bats in regulating pest abundances varies with season, geography and management. Birds and bats may even suppress tropical arthropod outbreaks, although positive effects on plant growth are not always reported. As both bats and birds are major agents of pest suppression, a better understanding of the local and landscape factors driving the variability of their impact is needed.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/134094/1/brv12211_am.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/134094/2/brv12211.pd

Associations of hypomagnesemia in patients seeking a first treatment of alcohol use disorder

Introduction: Hypomagnesemia (hypoMg) has not yet been extensively studied in alcohol use disorder (AUD) . We hypothesize that chronic, excessive alcohol consumption favors oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory alterations that may be exacerbated by hypoMg. The objective of this study was to analyze the prevalence and associations of hypoMg in AUD.Patients and Methods: Cross-sectional study in patients admitted for a first treatment of AUD in six tertiary centers between 2013 and 2020. Socio-demographic, alcohol use characteristics, and blood parameters were ascertained at admission.Results: 753 patients (71% men) were eligible; age at admission was 48 years [IQR, 41-56 years]. Prevalence of hypoMg was 11.2%, higher than that observed for hypocalcemia (9.3%), hyponatremia (5.6%), and hypokalemia (2.8%). HypoMg was associated with older age, longer duration of AUD, anemia, higher erythrocyte sedimen-tation rate, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, glucose levels, advanced liver fibrosis (FIB-4 >= 3.25) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL/min. In multivariate analysis, advanced liver fibrosis (OR, 8.91; 95% CI, 3.3-23.9) and eGFR < 60 mL (OR, 5.2; 95% CI, 1.0-26.2) were the only factors associated with hypoMg.Conclusions: Mg deficiency in AUD is associated with liver damage and glomerular dysfunction suggesting that both comorbidities should be assessed in the course of serum hypoMg