Self-Calibration Methods for Uncontrolled Environments in Sensor Networks: A Reference Survey

Growing progress in sensor technology has constantly expanded the number and range of low-cost, small, and portable sensors on the market, increasing the number and type of physical phenomena that can be measured with wirelessly connected sensors. Large-scale deployments of wireless sensor networks (WSN) involving hundreds or thousands of devices and limited budgets often constrain the choice of sensing hardware, which generally has reduced accuracy, precision, and reliability. Therefore, it is challenging to achieve good data quality and maintain error-free measurements during the whole system lifetime. Self-calibration or recalibration in ad hoc sensor networks to preserve data quality is essential, yet challenging, for several reasons, such as the existence of random noise and the absence of suitable general models. Calibration performed in the field, without accurate and controlled instrumentation, is said to be in an uncontrolled environment. This paper provides current and fundamental self-calibration approaches and models for wireless sensor networks in uncontrolled environments

La menace de la crise economique dans les pays MENA. Le cas de l’Algerie

La crise qui menace les économies des pays MENA est la conséquence directe des structures de leurs économies qui se caractérisent par une déficience acquise liée à la nature même des conditions de la reproduction économique et sociale. La précarité de ces conditions constitue la caractéristique essentielle commune à la plupart des économies des pays MENA, et cette précarité se manifeste et apparaît au niveau, d’une part, des difficultés qu’elles éprouvent dans leur fonctionnement et, d’autre part, dans leurs performances médiocres qui ne leur permettent pas d’émerger en rapport avec les potentialités humaines et matérielles dont elles disposent. L’Algérie constitue un modèle de ce type d’économie qui, non seulement, n’arrive pas à décoller mais demeure sous la menace permanente d’une crise et ce, malgré les immenses possibilités dont ce pays dispose relativement. Dans cet article, après le rappel des conditions selon lesquelles l’économie algérienne a traversé les deux plus importantes crises depuis son indépendance politique, nous nous efforcerons de déterminer les principales causes de la latence de la crise et par conséquent d’étudier les remèdes possibles pour faire face à cet état de fait

Origen of the berbers

El origen del pueblo bereber, conocido en la actualidad como amazigh( hombres libres), desde la antiguedad ha merecido multiples especulaciones. Platon dice que su origen es de occidente descendientes de Poseidon y los africanos Atlantes, los bereberes nunca han sido los autores de su propia historia, esta constituida a partir de las opiniones de otros pueblos. En nuestra opinion la clave inicial de la incorporacion de los bereberes a la historia parte de la constatacion del dualismo poblacional. No hay romanos y bereberes o arabes y bereberes sino lo que hay son bereberes asimilados.The origin of the berbers knowon today as amaizigh since ancient time it has deserved nultiple apeculations. Platon says that the western ones decended from Poseidon and yhe africans were atlanteans. The berbers have never been the authors of their own history, this has been written by other people. In our opinion the initial key of the incorporation of the berbers into history part of finding of population dualism, their are no romans and berbers or arabs and berbers, but what there are berbers but less romanized and refractory berbers tho the islamic state

The berbers at the beginning of the muslim Spain

El Norte de Africa habitado por los bereberes habia sido invadido enel año 647 por los arabes, los bereberes antes de ser islamizados habian sido cristianos, judios o animistas. La conquista del Norte de Africa tardo mas de treinta años en materializarse, debido a la resistencia que encontro en la poblacion y a no ser por la religion que se propago con rapidez hubiera tardado mucho mas. Los arabes, dependientes del Califato de Damasco, una vez conqusitado el Norte de Africa decidieron in vadir la Peinisula Iberica, el cuerpo expedicionarioestaba formado sobre todo por bereberes.The Northern Africa inhabited by the berbers had been invaded by the arabs in year 647. The berbers ah been chirstians, jews and animist and the conquest of North Africa by the arabs i´ im late thirty years to materialize due to resistance of the berbers that thanks to te ismalic religion that was propagated quickly and that i reached an acceptance by the autochthonus populaton. The arabs dependent on the Umayyad Caliphate of Damascus once conquered the North Africa decided in the year 711 to invade the Iberian Peninsula at first just looking for booty

MOOD DISORDERS IN ADOLESCENTS: CONCEPTS AND INTERROGATIONS AMONG FRANCOPHONE PSYCHIATRISTS

Background: With the publication of DSM III, the nosology of children and adolescents’ disorders has evolved differently in Francophone and Anglo-Saxon countries. We want to 1 / familiarize readers with the nosographic concepts of mood disorders and bipolar disorders in the Francophone world of Adolescent Psychiatry; 2/ highlight the major current issues of concern to both Francophone and Anglo-Saxon adolescents’ psychiatrists. Method: A review of the literature in PubMed, PsycINFO and PsycARTICLES, but also of Francophone journals or textbooks not included in these databases nor distributed outside Francophone countries. Results: Although Francophone adolescents’ psychiatrists still rely on the DSM II, particularly in reference to the transitory dimension of problems during adolescence, the DSM III led to a tightening of criteria for bipolar disorder in the Anglo-Saxon countries. These disorders have become rare in the 2000s while still common in Francophone countries. Nowadays the evolution of current criteria in Anglo-Saxon countries tends to bring the diagnostic criteria closer to the Francophone’s one even though important differences still persist. Conclusion: Despite differences between these two approaches in Psychiatry, there is agreement regarding the poor prognosis of type I bipolar disorder, particularly when psychotic traits are observed. Early diagnosis and treatment are therefore a challenge for both, but their limitations are inherent to their respective approaches. In Anglo-Saxon countries, if the criteria are met for bipolar disorder, treatment is decided at the risk of over-diagnosis and stigmatization of false positives. In Francophone countries, even if the criteria for bipolar disorder are met, it is still necessary that the psychopathological analysis of the disorder in the developmental framework of adolescence confirms that the disorder is stable, at the risk of later treatment and of increase of insufficiently treated false negatives. A reconciliation of these fields may limit the above side effects

MOOD DISORDERS IN ADOLESCENTS: CONCEPTS AND INTERROGATIONS AMONG FRANCOPHONE PSYCHIATRISTS

Background: With the publication of DSM III, the nosology of children and adolescents’ disorders has evolved differently in Francophone and Anglo-Saxon countries. We want to 1 / familiarize readers with the nosographic concepts of mood disorders and bipolar disorders in the Francophone world of Adolescent Psychiatry; 2/ highlight the major current issues of concern to both Francophone and Anglo-Saxon adolescents’ psychiatrists. Method: A review of the literature in PubMed, PsycINFO and PsycARTICLES, but also of Francophone journals or textbooks not included in these databases nor distributed outside Francophone countries. Results: Although Francophone adolescents’ psychiatrists still rely on the DSM II, particularly in reference to the transitory dimension of problems during adolescence, the DSM III led to a tightening of criteria for bipolar disorder in the Anglo-Saxon countries. These disorders have become rare in the 2000s while still common in Francophone countries. Nowadays the evolution of current criteria in Anglo-Saxon countries tends to bring the diagnostic criteria closer to the Francophone’s one even though important differences still persist. Conclusion: Despite differences between these two approaches in Psychiatry, there is agreement regarding the poor prognosis of type I bipolar disorder, particularly when psychotic traits are observed. Early diagnosis and treatment are therefore a challenge for both, but their limitations are inherent to their respective approaches. In Anglo-Saxon countries, if the criteria are met for bipolar disorder, treatment is decided at the risk of over-diagnosis and stigmatization of false positives. In Francophone countries, even if the criteria for bipolar disorder are met, it is still necessary that the psychopathological analysis of the disorder in the developmental framework of adolescence confirms that the disorder is stable, at the risk of later treatment and of increase of insufficiently treated false negatives. A reconciliation of these fields may limit the above side effects

Protein corona and nanoparticles: How can we investigate on?

Nanoparticles (NPs) represent one of the most promising tools for drug-targeting and drug-delivery. However, a deeper understanding of the complex dynamics that happen after their in vivo administration is required. Particularly, plasma proteins tend to associate to NPs, forming a new surface named the 'protein corona' (PC). This surface is the most exposed as the 'visible side' of NPs and therefore, can have a strong impact on NP biodistribution, targeting efficacy and also toxicity. The PC consists of two poorly delimited layers, known as 'hard corona' (HC) and 'soft corona' (SC), that are affected by the complexity of the environment and the formed protein-surface equilibrium during in vivo blood circulation. The HC corona is formed by proteins strongly associated to the NPs, while the SC is an outer layer consisting of loosely bound proteins. Several studies attempted to investigate the HC, which is easier to be isolated, but yielded poor reproducibility, due to varying experimental conditions. As a consequence, full mapping of the HC for different NPs is still lacking. Moreover, the current knowledge on the SC, which may play a major role in the 'first' interaction of NPs once in vivo, is very limited, mainly due to the difficulties in preserving it after purification. Therefore, multi-disciplinary approaches leading to the obtainment of a major number of information about the PC and its properties is strongly needed to fully understand its impact and to better support a more safety and conscious application of nanotechnology in medicine

El Rif en el primer tercio del siglo XX (1900-1930)

Tesis Univ. Granada. Departamento de Historia Contemporáne

The general hospital dealing with alcoholic patients

A relatively frequent problem encountered among patients hospitalized in general hospitals is the proper assessment of their alcohol consumption and the corresponding treatment to be provided in the event of excessive consumption. Persistent barriers make it difficult to identify all of alcoholic patients who, during the duration their hospitalization, have greater opportunity to modify their behavior. This paper's aim is to identify the characteristics and resources of hospitalized alcoholic patients in order to develop appropriate care strategies. The establishment and reinforcement of the link between the liaison psychiatrist and the patient would give the patient more therapeutic opportunities

Characterisation of aciplex membrane by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Chemical structure of treated and untreated Aciplex membrane has been studied by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Survey spectra showed that both membrane surfaces consist of Fluorine, Carbon, Oxygen, Sulphur and trace of Titanium. Binding energies for the elements are (C1s at 290.6 eV, F1s at 687.5 eV, O1s at 531.3 eV, S2P at 168.1 eV and Ti2P at 454.4 eV). Analysis of narrow scan XPS-spectra of each element demonstrate the presence of (-CF, -CF2, CF3, C-O-C and SO-3) groups, which are in agreement with the structural formula as disclosed by the manufacturer. There is no significant change in chemical states of untreated and treated membrane, which reflect its stability to treatment conditions