O método em Pestalozzi: a matemática como caminho para a verdade

Está disponível em: http://www.histemat.com.br/index.php/HISTEMAT/article/view/55/28Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi (1746-1827), pai da pedagogia moderna, “educador bastante comentado e usado, mas pouco lido”, nas palavras de Michel Soëtard (SOËTARD, 1985), dedicou sua vida “à busca da verdade para o povo” (PESTALOZZI, 1994). Uma procura que passava necessariamente pela educação e o ensino da criança vista como um ser integral. Daí sua famosa formula: “cabeça, coração, mão”, concebida não somente como um slogan, mas, particularmente, como a concepção de uma educação global. Mas, como chegar à verdade pela educação e o ensino? Como educar e ensinar a criança “devolvendo-a a si mesma”? Qual o método a ser utilizado nesta tarefa? Os cinco volumes dos seus Escritos sobre o Método, traduzidos para o francês, têm como objetivo responder a essas três perguntas. Desde a primeira tentativa de esclarecer o Método pestalozziano feita por Marc Antoine JULLIEN, com a sua obra Esprit de la Méthode d’Éducation de Pestalozzi (1812), passando por Daniel Alexandre CHAVANNES e o seu Méthode élémentaire de H. Pestalozzi (1819), até chegarmos a Michel SOËTARD (1994) e Daniel THRÖLER (2008), muitas concepções do Método foram discutidas e defendidas sem que os autores chegassem a um acordo. No entanto, neste texto procuraremos oferecer uma reflexão sobre o tema, a partir da leitura e análise dos textos de Pestalozzi traduzidos para o francês, defendendo a tese de que Pestalozzi se apropriou do Método indutivo, a partir de Locke e Comenios, protestantes como ele, tendo como recursos metodológicos para chegar à Verdade, pela educação e o ensino, basicamente a geometria e a matemática, tidas por ele como expressões de exatidão e, portanto, verdadeiras, aproximando e identificando verdade e exatidão

Pangea : comunicació per a la cooperació

Peer Reviewe

Notes sobre "Auca" de B. Rosselló-Pòrcel

Ressenya del llibre: Auca / Rosselló-Pòrcel, Bartome

Activity-dependent mechanisms of axonal growth

Programa de Doctorat en Biomedicina / Tesi realitzada a l'Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC)Spinal cord injuries (SCI) are a major cause of paralysis in young adults. In this type of injuries recovery is impaired as adult central nervous system (CNS) axons fail to regenerate. This results from both a loss of intrinsic growing capacities in developmental axons when they mature, together with the presence of extrinsic factors hampering this regeneration, including a glial scar together with the production of growth-inhibitory molecules, as well as a lack of injury resolution leading to a chronic inflammation. Unfortunately, despite research efforts, current therapies for this type of injuries only lead to mild improvements and among them, activity-based therapies seem to raise above the others. Activity- based therapies try to induce recovery by increasing neuronal activity, however, a proper physiological and molecular characterization of the rationale behind their success is still missing. Neuronal activity has been described to regulate transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms; moreover, it also alters neuronal secretion with an impact on cellular dialogues. These characteristics indicate neuronal activity may be modulating both of the CNS barriers for regeneration. During this doctoral thesis we aimed to explore the influence of neuronal activity on SCIs, hypothesizing specific neuronal activations were the principal responsible for success in activity-based therapies. Particularly, we studied the role of precise manipulations of neuronal activity, using optogenetic and chemogenetic tools, in axonal growth of stimulated neurons as well as the impact these activations could have on neuronal extrinsic signalling. Our results show that optogenetic and chemogenetic stimulations of neuronal activity enhanced growth in both regenerating and refractory to regenerate neurons. However, this growth was hampered by the inhibitory molecules present in the injured CNS and did not result in functional recovery in rodent models of SCI. Our data indicated that the growth induction in specifically stimulated neurons resulted from local adjustments rather than inducing a pro-regenerative transcriptional state, as seen by our gene expression analysis of regeneration-associated genes (RAGs). Altogether, our results suggest recovery in activity-based therapies derives from the summation of various forms of plasticity, induced by their simultaneous recruitment of several circuits. In parallel, we observed that these precise modulations of neuronal activity, while unable to alter the predominant environment after SCI, could initiate previously undescribed intricate cellular dialogues. Specifically, we found an increase in the chemokine CCL21 upon nociceptor activation which triggered the response of several cell types in the injury. In proprioceptors, this CCL21 was responsible for a growth induction after CCR7 activation, which required the MEK-ERK pathway as well as the modulation of the actin cytoskeleton. Meanwhile, the CCL21 interaction with CXCR3 in other cells effectively aborted this regeneration. All in all, our work reveals the existence of a complex plethora of synergic mechanisms, far from understood, contributing to the outcome of activity-based therapies and reinforces the need for further mechanistic studies which would allow the optimization of their success

D'ecdòtica i crítica : reflexions a propòsit d'un manual recent d'edició de textos

Consideraciones críticas a partir de la publicación de Víctor Martínez-Gil (coord.), Jordi Cerdà, Gabriella Gavagnin, Sadurní Martí, Eulàlia Miralles, Josep Pujol i Pep Valsalobre, Models i criteris de l'edició de textos, Barcelona, UOC, 2013, 406 pp., ISBN: 9788490299593.Critical considerations based on the release of Víctor Martínez-Gil (coord.), Jordi Cerdà, Gabriella Gavagnin, Sadurní Martí, Eulàlia Miralles, Josep Pujol i Pep Valsalobre, Models i criteris de l'edició de textos, Barcelona, UOC, 2013, 406 pp., ISBN: 9788490299593

Palatial architecture in The Kingdom of Mallorca. Symbols of power for a short-lived dynasty

Entre 1276 y 1343 Mallorca, el Rosellón y Montpellier constituyeron una Corona independiente de la aragonesa. A pesar de las tensiones derivadas de esta partición territorial, la nueva dinastía logró impulsar un programa constructivo –y artístico en general- de gran alcance, que se intensifica a partir del 1300. La estabilidad política y económica, el dinamismo comercial y la implantación de una severa fiscalidad permitieron a los reyes de Mallorca, y en especial a Jaime II, crear una red de residencias, entre las que destacan los castillos de Perpiñán y Palma de Mallorca (la Almudaina, Bellver). Además de satisfacer las necesidades prácticas de una corte itinerante, con estos palacios se manifestaba simbólicamente el poder del nuevo reino. Los espacios de culto y representación, la originalidad tipológica del castillo de Bellver o el riguroso y calculado ceremonial que se regula en las Leges Palatinae manifiestan la voluntad de la vulnerable y dispersa Corona de crear, con todos los medios al alcance, una imagen de poder y prestigio. Si las ambiciones políticas de la Corona de Aragón acabaron triunfando, las promociones artísticas mallorquinas iban a pervivir como elocuentes testimonios de una dinastía efímera que procuró, con afán, crear los escenarios de su realeza en los que manifestarse con toda su dignidad.Between 1276 and 1343, Mallorca, Roussillon and Montpellier constituted an independent kingdom separated from the Crown of Aragon. Even though conflicts arose from this territorial partition, the new ruling dynasty was able to carry out a noteworthy artistic and architectural agenda which became particularly intense after 1300. The kings of Mallorca, especially James II, created a network of royal residences including the castles of Perpignan and Palma de Mallorca (The Almudaina, Bellver). Several factors made this possible: the political and economic stability of the new kingdom, the intensity of its commercial activity, and the creation of a strong tax system. The new Majorcan palaces met the needs of the traveling court, and provided symbolic representation of power for the new kingdom. The new crown, while vulnerable and geographically scattered, needed to use all available means in order to project an image of power and prestige. This was also demonstrated through the creation of spaces of worship and representation, the originality of Bellver Castle, and the strict ceremonial procedures at court as regulated in the Leges Palatinae. In the end, the political ambitions of the Crown of Aragon triumphed, but Majorcan artistic endeavors survived. They still bear eloquent witness to a short-lived dynasty that eagerly sought to create a backdrop for its royalty and demonstrate its majesty