Using Human Biomonitoring Data to Support Risk Assessment of Cosmetic Ingredients—A Case Study of Benzophenone-3

From MDPI via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: accepted 2022-02-16, pub-electronic 2022-02-19Publication status: PublishedFunder: European Union; Grant(s): 733032Safety assessment of UV filters for human health by the Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS) is based on the estimation of internal dose following external (skin) application of cosmetic products, and comparison with a toxicological reference value after conversion to internal dose. Data from human biomonitoring (HBM) could be very useful in this regard, because it is based on the measurement of real-life internal exposure of the human population to a chemical. UV filters were included in the priority list of compounds to be addressed under the European Human Biomonitoring Initiative (HBM4EU), and risk assessment of benzophenone-3 (BP-3) was carried out based on HBM data. Using BP-3 as an example, this study investigated the benefits and limitations of the use of external versus internal exposure data to explore the usefulness of HBM to support the risk assessment of cosmetic ingredients. The results show that both approaches did indicate a risk to human health under certain levels of exposure. They also highlight the need for more robust exposure data on BP-3 and other cosmetic ingredients, and a standardized framework for incorporating HBM data in the risk assessment of cosmetic products

Harmonized human biomonitoring in European children, teenagers and adults: EU-wide exposure data of 11 chemical substance groups from the HBM4EU Aligned Studies (2014–2021)

HBM4EU is co-financed under Horizon 2020 (grant agreement No 733032).As one of the core elements of the European Human Biomonitoring Initiative (HBM4EU) a human biomonitoring (HBM) survey was conducted in 23 countries to generate EU-wide comparable HBM data. This survey has built on existing HBM capacity in Europe by aligning national or regional HBM studies, referred to as the HBM4EU Aligned Studies. The HBM4EU Aligned Studies included a total of 10,795 participants from three age groups: (i) 3,576 children aged 6-12 years, (ii) 3,117 teenagers aged 12-18 years, and (iii) 4,102 young adults aged 20-39 years. The participants were recruited between 2014 and 2021 in 11-12 countries per age group, geographically distributed across Europe. Depending on the age group, internal exposure to phthalates and the substitute DINCH, halogenated and organophosphorus flame retardants, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), cadmium, bisphenols, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), arsenic species, acrylamide, mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol (total DON)), benzophenones and selected pesticides was assessed by measuring substance specific biomarkers subjected to stringent quality control programs for chemical analysis. For substance groups analyzed in different age groups higher average exposure levels were observed in the youngest age group, i.e., phthalates/DINCH in children versus teenagers, acrylamide and pesticides in children versus adults, and benzophenones in teenagers versus adults. Many biomarkers in teenagers and adults varied significantly according to educational attainment, with higher exposure levels of bisphenols, phthalates, benzophenones, PAHs, and acrylamide in participants (from households) with lower educational attainment, while teenagers from households with higher educational attainment have higher exposure levels for PFASs and arsenic. In children, a social gradient was only observed for the non-specific pyrethroid metabolite 3-PBA and di-isodecyl phthalate (DiDP), with higher levels in children from households with higher educational attainment. Geographical variations were seen for all exposure biomarkers. For 15 biomarkers, the available health-based HBM guidance values were exceeded with the highest exceedance rates for toxicologically relevant arsenic in teenagers (40%), 3-PBA in children (36%), and between 11 and 14% for total DON, Σ (PFOA + PFNA + PFHxS + PFOS), bisphenol S and cadmium. The infrastructure and harmonized approach succeeded in obtaining comparable European-wide internal exposure data for a prioritized set of 11 chemical groups. These data serve as a reference for comparison at the global level, provide a baseline to compare the efficacy of the European Commission's chemical strategy for sustainability, and will give leverage to national policymakers for the implementation of targeted measures.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

EU-wide exposure data of 11 chemical substance groups from the HBM4EU Aligned Studies (2014–2021)

Funding Information: The authors would like to thank everybody who contributed to the HBM4EU Aligned Studies: the participating children, teenagers, adults and their families, the fieldworkers that collected the samples and database managers that made the information available to HBM4EU, the HBM4EU project partners, especially those from WP7 for developing all materials supporting the fieldwork, WP9 for organizing the QA/QC scheme under HBM4EU and all laboratories who performed the analytical measurements. We would like to acknowledge Sun Kyoung Jung from the National Institute of Environmental Research of South-Korea for providing the KoNEHS Cycle III results (crt adjusted). HBM4EU is co-financed under Horizon 2020 (grant agreement No 733032). The authors thank all principal investigators of the contributing studies for their participation and contribution to the HBM4EU Aligned Studies and the national program owners for their financial support. Further details on funding for all the participating studies can be found in the Supplemental Material, Table S12.As one of the core elements of the European Human Biomonitoring Initiative (HBM4EU) a human biomonitoring (HBM) survey was conducted in 23 countries to generate EU-wide comparable HBM data. This survey has built on existing HBM capacity in Europe by aligning national or regional HBM studies, referred to as the HBM4EU Aligned Studies. The HBM4EU Aligned Studies included a total of 10,795 participants of three age groups: (i) 3,576 children aged 6–12 years, (ii) 3,117 teenagers aged 12–18 years and (iii) 4,102 young adults aged 20–39 years. The participants were recruited between 2014 and 2021 in 11–12 countries per age group, geographically distributed across Europe. Depending on the age group, internal exposure to phthalates and the substitute DINCH, halogenated and organophosphorus flame retardants, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), cadmium, bisphenols, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), arsenic species, acrylamide, mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol (total DON)), benzophenones and selected pesticides was assessed by measuring substance specific biomarkers subjected to stringent quality control programs for chemical analysis. For substance groups analyzed in different age groups higher average exposure levels were observed in the youngest age group, i.e., phthalates/DINCH in children versus teenagers, acrylamide and pesticides in children versus adults, benzophenones in teenagers versus adults. Many biomarkers in teenagers and adults varied significantly according to educational attainment, with higher exposure levels of bisphenols, phthalates, benzophenones, PAHs and acrylamide in participants (from households) with lower educational attainment, while teenagers from households with higher educational attainment have higher exposure levels for PFASs and arsenic. In children, a social gradient was only observed for the non-specific pyrethroid metabolite 3-PBA and di-isodecyl phthalate (DiDP), with higher levels in children from households with higher educational attainment. Geographical variations were seen for all exposure biomarkers. For 15 biomarkers, the available health-based HBM guidance values were exceeded with highest exceedance rates for toxicologically relevant arsenic in teenagers (40%), 3-PBA in children (36%), and between 11 and 14% for total DON, Σ (PFOA + PFNA + PFHxS + PFOS), bisphenol S and cadmium. The infrastructure and harmonized approach succeeded in obtaining comparable European wide internal exposure data for a prioritized set of 11 chemical groups. These data serve as a reference for comparison at the global level, provide a baseline to compare the efficacy of the European Commission's chemical strategy for sustainability and will give leverage to national policy makers for the implementation of targeted measures.publishersversionpublishe

Human Biomonitoring Initiative (HBM4EU): Human Biomonitoring Guidance Values Derived for Dimethylformamide

Within the European Joint Program on Human Biomonitoring HBM4EU, human biomonitoring guidance values (HBM-GVs) for the general population (HBM-GVGenPop) or for occupationally exposed adults (HBM-GVWorker) are derived for prioritized substances including dimethylformamide (DMF). The methodology to derive these values that was agreed upon within the HBM4EU project was applied. A large database on DMF exposure from studies conducted at workplaces provided dose–response relationships between biomarker concentrations and health effects. The hepatotoxicity of DMF has been identified as having the most sensitive effect, with increased liver enzyme concentrations serving as biomarkers of the effect. Out of the available biomarkers of DMF exposure studied in this paper, the following were selected to derive HBM-GVWorker: total N-methylformamide (tNMF) (sum of N-hydroxymethyl-N-methylformamide and NMF) and N-acetyl-S-(N-methylcarbamoyl)cysteine (AMCC) in urine. The proposed HBM-GVWorker is 10 mg·L−1 or 10 mg·g−1 creatinine for both biomarkers. Due to their different half-lives, tNMF (representative of the exposure of the day) and AMCC (representative of the preceding days’ exposure) are complementary for the biological monitoring of workers exposed to DMF. The levels of confidence for these HBM-GVWorker are set to “high” for tNMF and “medium-low” for AMCC. Therefore, further investigations are required for the consolidation of the health-based HBM-GV for AMCC in urine

Using Human Biomonitoring Data to Support Risk Assessment of Cosmetic Ingredients-A Case Study of Benzophenone-3.

From PubMed via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: received 2022-01-10, revised 2022-02-14, accepted 2022-02-16Publication status: epublishFunder: European Union; Grant(s): 733032Safety assessment of UV filters for human health by the Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS) is based on the estimation of internal dose following external (skin) application of cosmetic products, and comparison with a toxicological reference value after conversion to internal dose. Data from human biomonitoring (HBM) could be very useful in this regard, because it is based on the measurement of real-life internal exposure of the human population to a chemical. UV filters were included in the priority list of compounds to be addressed under the European Human Biomonitoring Initiative (HBM4EU), and risk assessment of benzophenone-3 (BP-3) was carried out based on HBM data. Using BP-3 as an example, this study investigated the benefits and limitations of the use of external versus internal exposure data to explore the usefulness of HBM to support the risk assessment of cosmetic ingredients. The results show that both approaches did indicate a risk to human health under certain levels of exposure. They also highlight the need for more robust exposure data on BP-3 and other cosmetic ingredients, and a standardized framework for incorporating HBM data in the risk assessment of cosmetic products

Human Biomonitoring Guidance Values (HBM-GVs) for Bisphenol S and Assessment of the Risk Due to the Exposure to Bisphenols A and S, in Europe

International audienceWithin the European Joint Programme HBM4EU, Human Biomonitoring Guidance Values (HBM-GVs) were derived for several prioritised substances. In this paper, the derivation of HBM-GVs for the general population (HBM-GVGenPop) and workers (HBM-GVworker) referring to bisphenol S (BPS) is presented. For the general population, this resulted in an estimation of the total urinary concentration of BPS of 1.0 µg/L assuming a 24 h continuous exposure to BPS. For workers, the modelling was refined in order to reflect continuous exposure during the working day, leading to a total urinary concentration of BPS of 3.0 µg/L. The usefulness for risk assessment of the HBM-GVs derived for BPS and bisphenol A (BPA) is illustrated. Risk Characterisation Ratios (RCRs) were calculated leading to a clear difference between risk assessments performed for both bisphenols, with a very low RCR regarding exposure to BPA., contrary to that obtained for BPS. This may be due to the endocrine mediated endpoints selected to derive the HBM-GVs for BPS, whereas the values calculated for BPA are based on the temporary Tolerable Daily Intake (t-TDI) from EFSA set in 2015. A comparison with the revised TDI recently opened for comments by EFSA is also discussed. Regarding the occupational field, results indicate that the risk from occupational exposure to both bisphenols cannot be disregarded

Expertise collective : synthèse et conclusions relatives à l’expertise en vue de la fixation de valeurs limites d’exposition à des agents chimiques en milieu professionnel portant sur l’évaluation des indicateurs d’exposition et des recommandations de valeurs limites biologiques et de valeurs biologiques de référence pour le diméthylformamide (DMF) CAS n°68-12-2

Citation suggérée : Anses. (2022). Expertise collective : Synthèse et conclusions relatives à l’expertise en vue de la fixation de valeurs limites d’exposition à des agents chimiques en milieu professionnel portant sur l’évaluation des indicateurs d’exposition et des recommandations de valeurs limites biologiques et de valeurs biologiques de référence pour le diméthylformamide (DMF) CAS n°68-12-2). (saisine 2021-MPEX-0138). Maisons-Alfort : Anses, 65 p.Dans le cadre du programme de recherche européen HBM4EU regroupant une trentaine de pays, des valeurs guides pour la surveillance biologique (ou Human Biomonitoring Guidance Values (HBM-GVs)), sont recommandées pour la population générale et les travailleurs. Ces valeurs sont proposées pour des substances d’intérêt identifiées comme prioritaires. Le diméthylformamide (DMF) a fait l’objet de propositions de valeurs guides au sein du programme HBM4EU (cf. HBM4EU : Deliverable Report D5.9 - 3rd substance specific derivation of EU-wide health-based guidance values).La méthodologie appliquée dans le cadre du projet HBM4EU (Apel et al., 2020) pour l’identification des indicateurs biologiques d’exposition (IBE) d’intérêt et la proposition de valeurs biologiques pour les travailleurs est en partie fondée sur la méthodologie de l’Anses (Anses, 2017).Dans le cadre du protocole d’accord relatif à la mise en œuvre du programme de travail d'expertise scientifique en matière de valeurs limites atmosphériques et biologiques pour les expositions professionnelles établi en juillet 2018 entre l’Anses et la Direction générale du travail (DGT), l’Anses a été saisie afin de recommander des valeurs biologiques pour le DMF, ceci afin de mutualiser les ressources d’expertise engagées. Le présent document est établi pour répondre à cette saisine, sur la base de l’évaluation précédemment réalisée par des agents de l’Anses dans le cadre du programme de recherche HBM4EU pour la recommandation de valeurs biologiques pour le DMF en milieu de travail.La France dispose pour le DMF d’une valeur limite d’exposition professionnelle (VLEP) contraignante sur 8 heures (VLEP-8h) de 15 mg.m -3 (5 ppm) et d’une valeur limite court terme contraignante sur 15 minutes (ou VLCT-15min) de 30 mg.m -3 (10 ppm)

Expertise collective : synthèse et conclusions relatives à l’expertise en vue de la fixation de valeurs limites d’exposition à des agents chimiques en milieu professionnel portant sur l’évaluation des indicateurs d’exposition et des recommandations de valeurs limites biologiques et de valeurs biologiques de référence pour le diméthylformamide (DMF) CAS n°68-12-2

Citation suggérée : Anses. (2022). Expertise collective : Synthèse et conclusions relatives à l’expertise en vue de la fixation de valeurs limites d’exposition à des agents chimiques en milieu professionnel portant sur l’évaluation des indicateurs d’exposition et des recommandations de valeurs limites biologiques et de valeurs biologiques de référence pour le diméthylformamide (DMF) CAS n°68-12-2). (saisine 2021-MPEX-0138). Maisons-Alfort : Anses, 65 p.Dans le cadre du programme de recherche européen HBM4EU regroupant une trentaine de pays, des valeurs guides pour la surveillance biologique (ou Human Biomonitoring Guidance Values (HBM-GVs)), sont recommandées pour la population générale et les travailleurs. Ces valeurs sont proposées pour des substances d’intérêt identifiées comme prioritaires. Le diméthylformamide (DMF) a fait l’objet de propositions de valeurs guides au sein du programme HBM4EU (cf. HBM4EU : Deliverable Report D5.9 - 3rd substance specific derivation of EU-wide health-based guidance values).La méthodologie appliquée dans le cadre du projet HBM4EU (Apel et al., 2020) pour l’identification des indicateurs biologiques d’exposition (IBE) d’intérêt et la proposition de valeurs biologiques pour les travailleurs est en partie fondée sur la méthodologie de l’Anses (Anses, 2017).Dans le cadre du protocole d’accord relatif à la mise en œuvre du programme de travail d'expertise scientifique en matière de valeurs limites atmosphériques et biologiques pour les expositions professionnelles établi en juillet 2018 entre l’Anses et la Direction générale du travail (DGT), l’Anses a été saisie afin de recommander des valeurs biologiques pour le DMF, ceci afin de mutualiser les ressources d’expertise engagées. Le présent document est établi pour répondre à cette saisine, sur la base de l’évaluation précédemment réalisée par des agents de l’Anses dans le cadre du programme de recherche HBM4EU pour la recommandation de valeurs biologiques pour le DMF en milieu de travail.La France dispose pour le DMF d’une valeur limite d’exposition professionnelle (VLEP) contraignante sur 8 heures (VLEP-8h) de 15 mg.m -3 (5 ppm) et d’une valeur limite court terme contraignante sur 15 minutes (ou VLCT-15min) de 30 mg.m -3 (10 ppm)

K-Rich Rubbly Bedrock at Glen Torridon, Gale Crater, Mars: Investigating the Possible Presence of Illite

International audienceIntroduction: The Curiosity rover reached the Glen Torridon (GT) area around sol 2300 (January 2019). GT is known to display relatively strong and extensive smectite signatures from orbit [1]. During the last two years of exploring this area, Curiosity has revealed variations in chemical compositions correlated with bedrock facies [2-4]. The spatially dominant type of rock in the lowermost part of GT (which is a lateral continuation of the Jura member) is described as the "rubbly" bedrock because it outcrops as small pieces of bedrock embedded in soil. The rubbly bedrock is composed of finely-laminated mudstones and is characterized by enrichments in K2O and SiO2 [3], whereas the slabs of coherent bedrock adjacent to it are lower in K2O but enriched in MgO [3]. Another mudstone layer with a low MgO/high K2O type of composition is also observed in the overlying Knockfarril Hill member, between Glen Etive and Central Butte. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses performed by the CheMin instrument showed that the Jura coherent bedrock contains ~30 wt% of Fe-smectites [5]. However, no XRD analysis was performed on the rubbly bedrock, and the discussion below is thus based solely on elemental compositions measured by ChemCam [6,7]. The objective of this work is to discuss clues regarding the mineralogy of the GT rubbly bedrock: in particular whether the enrichment in K2O is related to partial illitization of the clay minerals, or to a mixing with K-feldspars? Elevated K2O abundances were previously observed in the Kimberley area [8-9], on the floor of Aeolis Palus [10], where CheMin results showed an associated enrichment in K-feldspar (sanidine) [9]. K-feldspars were also observed in igneous rocks such as trachytes [11,12]. In this study, data from the rubbly bedrock of GT are therefore compared to data from Kimberley and from the trachytic igneous rocks observed at Bradbury. Some plagioclase-rich igneous rocks are also used for comparison [12]. Methodology: ChemCam uses the LIBS technique to perform remote chemical analyzes [6,7,12]. The laser beam (300-500 µm, [13]) is large enough that it mostly samples mixtures of mineral phases (as opposed to pure phases), especially in mudstones. Therefore, we used trends in elemental ratios to interpret the mineralogy of the rocks. Compositions with a sum of oxides <90 % were discarded in order to minimize the contribution of the ubiquitous Ca-sulfate veins. Concerning minor elements, peak areas have been used, as described in [11]. Data used to be compared with the GT rubbly bedrock have been filtered in order to have relatively pure phases. For that, data points were plotted in mineralogical plot t

The transposable element-rich genome of the cereal pest Sitophilus oryzae

International audienceBackground: The rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae is one of the most important agricultural pests, causing extensivedamage to cereal in fields and to stored grains. S. oryzae has an intracellular symbiotic relationship (endosymbiosis)with the Gram-negative bacterium Sodalis pierantonius and is a valuable model to decipher host-symbiontmolecular interactions.Results: We sequenced the Sitophilus oryzae genome using a combination of short and long reads to produce thebest assembly for a Curculionidae species to date. We show that S. oryzae has undergone successive bursts oftransposable element (TE) amplification, representing 72% of the genome. In addition, we show that many TEfamilies are transcriptionally active, and changes in their expression are associated with insect endosymbiotic state.S. oryzae has undergone a high gene expansion rate, when compared to other beetles. Reconstruction of hostsymbiontmetabolic networks revealed that, despite its recent association with cereal weevils (30 kyear), S.pierantonius relies on the host for several amino acids and nucleotides to survive and to produce vitamins andessential amino acids required for insect development and cuticle biosynthesis.Conclusions: Here we present the genome of an agricultural pest beetle, which may act as a foundation for pest control. In addition, S. oryzae may be a useful model for endosymbiosis, and studying TE evolution and regulation, along with the impact of TEs on eukaryotic genomes