Radiographic Vertical Bone Loss Evaluation around Dental Implants Following One Year of Functional Loading

Objective: Vertical bone loss evaluations in the Nobel Biocare Replace® Select Tapered TM implant system in the human after one-year loading time.Materials and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was performed on 31 patients (14 men, 17 women; mean age, 60.39 years) receiving 170 implants (mean, 5.48 for each patient) of Groovy and Non-groovy designs in the Nobel Biocare Replace® Select Tapered TM system. The marginal bone loss was measured at mesial and distal aspects of the implants on OPG x-rays after one-year follow-up. The data regarding the patient's gender, age, history of disease, smoking, bone type at implant location, loading time of prosthesis and implant, implant design, diameter and length were recorded by the patients'records and interview. The data were subjected to multiple linear regression and Pearson coefficient ratio regarding different factors.Results: The mean (standard deviation) distal, mesial and overall bone loss was 0.688 mm (0.851), 0.665 mm (0.849) and 0.935 mm (0.905), respectively in the studied implants. No significant differences were found regarding implant location, bone quality at the implant region, implant design and bone graft reception. In addition, no significant correlation was found between the occurred bone loss and implant diameter, length and number of usedsplints.Conclusion: Due to the criteria mentioned for implant success in term of bone loss values after one-year loading time, Noble Biocare Replace® Select Tapered TM implant system is an acceptable treatment option for implant restorations in this regard

A Label-Free Platform for Identification of Exosomes from Different Sources.

Exosomes contain cell- and cell-state-specific cargos of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids and play significant roles in cell signaling and cell-cell communication. Current research into exosome-based biomarkers has relied largely on analyzing candidate biomarkers, i.e., specific proteins or nucleic acids. However, this approach may miss important biomarkers that are yet to be identified. Alternative approaches are to analyze the entire exosome system, either by "omics" methods or by techniques that provide "fingerprints" of the system without identifying each individual biomolecule component. Here, we describe a platform of the latter type, which is based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) in combination with multivariate analysis, and demonstrate the utility of this platform for analyzing exosomes derived from different biological sources. First, we examined whether this analysis could use exosomes isolated from fetal bovine serum using a simple, commercially available isolation kit or necessitates the higher purity achieved by the "gold standard" ultracentrifugation/filtration procedure. Our data demonstrate that the latter method is required for this type of analysis. Having established this requirement, we rigorously analyzed the Raman spectral signature of individual exosomes using a unique, hybrid SERS substrate made of a graphene-covered Au surface containing a quasi-periodic array of pyramids. To examine the source of the Raman signal, we used Raman mapping of low and high spatial resolution combined with morphological identification of exosomes by scanning electron microscopy. Both approaches suggested that the spectra were collected from single exosomes. Finally, we demonstrate for the first time that our platform can distinguish among exosomes from different biological sources based on their Raman signature, a promising approach for developing exosome-based fingerprinting. Our study serves as a solid technological foundation for future exploration of the roles of exosomes in various biological processes and their use as biomarkers for disease diagnosis and treatment monitoring

Биология. Практикум

УЧЕБНЫЕ ПОСОБИЯБИОЛОГИЯПРАКТИКУМЫГРИБЫРАСТЕНИЯЖИВОТНЫЕМИКОТОКСИНЫ /ФАРМАКОЛОГИЯОНТОГЕНЕЗРАСТЕНИЯ ЯДОВИТЫЕЖИВОТНЫЕ ЯДОВИТЫЕЛАБОРАТОРНЫЕ РАБОТЫТОКСИНЫ /ФАРМАКОЛОГИЯВ практикуме рассматриваются вопросы в соответствии с уровнями организации живого, что позволяет студенту понять процессы, происходящие в человеческом организме на уровне молекул, клеток и организма в целом. Отражены вопросы о ядовитых грибах, растениях и животных, а также применение микотоксинов, фитотоксинов и зоотоксинов как сырья для приготовления фармацевтических препаратов. Издание содержит большинство авторских фотографий микропрепаратов, которые студенты изучают на лабораторных занятиях, приведены тесты для проверки уровня знаний по темам

Oxygen-sensing neurons reciprocally regulate peripheral lipid metabolism via neuropeptide signaling in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>

<div><p>The mechanisms by which the sensory environment influences metabolic homeostasis remains poorly understood. In this report, we show that oxygen, a potent environmental signal, is an important regulator of whole body lipid metabolism. <i>C</i>. <i>elegans</i> oxygen-sensing neurons reciprocally regulate peripheral lipid metabolism under normoxia in the following way: under high oxygen and food absence, URX sensory neurons are activated, and stimulate fat loss in the intestine, the major metabolic organ for <i>C</i>. <i>elegans</i>. Under lower oxygen conditions or when food is present, the BAG sensory neurons respond by repressing the resting properties of the URX neurons. A genetic screen to identify modulators of this effect led to the identification of a BAG-neuron-specific neuropeptide called FLP-17, whose cognate receptor EGL-6 functions in URX neurons. Thus, BAG sensory neurons counterbalance the metabolic effect of tonically active URX neurons via neuropeptide communication. The combined regulatory actions of these neurons serve to precisely tune the rate and extent of fat loss to the availability of food and oxygen, and provides an interesting example of the myriad mechanisms underlying homeostatic control.</p></div

Pheromone-sensing neurons regulate peripheral lipid metabolism in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>

It is now established that the central nervous system plays an important role in regulating whole body metabolism and energy balance. However, the extent to which sensory systems relay environmental information to modulate metabolic events in peripheral tissues has remained poorly understood. In addition, it has been challenging to map the molecular mechanisms underlying discrete sensory modalities with respect to their role in lipid metabolism. In previous work our lab has identified instructive roles for serotonin signaling as a surrogate for food availability, as well as oxygen sensing, in the control of whole body metabolism. In this study, we now identify a role for a pair of pheromone-sensing neurons in regulating fat metabolism in C. elegans, which has emerged as a tractable and highly informative model to study the neurobiology of metabolism. A genetic screen revealed that GPA-3, a member of the Gα family of G proteins, regulates body fat content in the intestine, the major metabolic organ for C. elegans. Genetic and reconstitution studies revealed that the potent body fat phenotype of gpa-3 null mutants is controlled from a pair of neurons called ADL(L/R). We show that cAMP functions as the second messenger in the ADL neurons, and regulates body fat stores via the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, from downstream neurons. We find that the pheromone ascr#3, which is detected by the ADL neurons, regulates body fat stores in a GPA-3-dependent manner. We define here a third sensory modality, pheromone sensing, as a major regulator of body fat metabolism. The pheromone ascr#3 is an indicator of population density, thus we hypothesize that pheromone sensing provides a salient 'denominator' to evaluate the amount of food available within a population and to accordingly adjust metabolic rate and body fat levels

Magnetic resonance imaging of anterior cruciate ligament rupture

BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is a useful diagnostic tool for the assessment of knee joint injury. Anterior cruciate ligament repair is a commonly performed orthopaedic procedure. This paper examines the concordance between MR imaging and arthroscopic findings. METHODS: Between February, 1996 and February, 1998, 48 patients who underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the knee were reported to have complete tears of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Of the 48 patients, 36 were male, and 12 female. The average age was 27 years (range: 15 to 45). Operative reconstruction using a patellar bone-tendon-bone autograft was arranged for each patient, and an arthroscopic examination was performed to confirm the diagnosis immediately prior to reconstructive surgery. RESULTS: In 16 of the 48 patients, reconstructive surgery was cancelled when incomplete lesions were noted during arthroscopy, making reconstructive surgery unnecessary. The remaining 32 patients were found to have complete tears of the ACL, and therefore underwent reconstructive surgery. Using arthroscopy as an independent, reliable reference standard for ACL tear diagnosis, the reliability of MR imaging was evaluated. The true positive rate for complete ACL tear diagnosis with MR imaging was 67%, making the possibility of a false-positive report of "complete ACL tear" inevitable with MR imaging. CONCLUSIONS: Since conservative treatment is sufficient for incomplete ACL tears, the decision to undertake ACL reconstruction should not be based on MR findings alone

Les clubs de cadres et de dirigeants racialisés en région parisienne. Genèse et structuration d'un espace de regroupement et de mobilisation

Cette thèse a pour objet l'espace des clubs de cadres et de dirigeants racialisés, au sens des regroupements s'appropriant la forme « club » et problématisant l'appartenance à un groupe à la fois doté en ressources socioéconomiques et racialisé, autrement dit dont l'altérité est radicalisée. Au croisement de la sociologie des mobilisations, des élites, de la racialisation et de la migration, la thèse interroge les conditions d'émergence et les principes de structuration de cet espace en se fondant sur une enquête de terrain combinant plusieurs méthodes (entretiens, observation, sociographie, analyse documentaire). La sociogenèse montre que cet espace naît d'un mouvement d'autonomisation de la gauche politique et d'insertion de la cause dans l'espace économique et patronal. La dièse montre ensuite que cet espace est constitué par trois pôles, dont les discours sont plus ou moins critiques ou conformistes envers une idéologie dominante de réussite caractérisée, en France, par la valorisation de la méritocratie et de l'élitisme scolaires, un interdit communautaire, et une injonction d'acculturation et d'invisibilisation des marqueurs de différence. L'analyse des trajectoires des fondateurs, des propriétés des membres, des ressources et des relations des clubs avec la sphère économique et politique et l'espace patronal de représentation montre que les rapports des clubs à l'idéologie sont étroitement liés à leurs propriétés de classe. L'observation révèle enfin les effets internes de la proximité plus ou moins forte des clubs avec l'espace patronal de représentation ainsi que la sphère politique et médiatique, avec des relations sociales oscillant entre concurrence et convivialité. -- The object of this thesis is the space of racialized executives and business owners' clubs, i.e regroupings which appropriate the form of a "club" and problematize the belonging to a group both endowed with socio-economic resources and racialized in the sense that its alterity is radicalised. At the junction of the sociology of collective action, elites, racialization and migration, the thesis questions the conditions of emergence and the principles of structuration of that space by basing itself on a fieldwork combining several methods (interviews, observation, sociography, analysis of documents). We first show that this space stems from a double movement of autonomisation from the political left and of insertion of the cause in the economic sphere and the employers' space of représentation. The thesis goes on to show that that space is constituted by three pôles which, on the discursive level, are more or less critical of or conforming to a dominant ideology of success characterised by the valorisation of educational meritocracy and elitism, a community interdict, and an injunction of acculturation and invisibilisation of the markers of différence. The analysis of the founders'trajectories, the members' properties, the clubs'resources and relations with the economic and political sphere, as well as with the employers' space of représentation shows that the clubs' stances toward the dominant ideology of success are linked to their class properties. Observation finally reveals internai social relation oscillating oscillating between compétition and conviviality, depending on the club's proximity with the employer's space of représentation and political or economic sphere

A New Mesochronous Clocking Scheme for Synchronization in System-on-Chip

All large-scale digital Integrated Circuits need an appropriate strategy for clocking and synchronization. In large-scale and high-speed System-on-Chips (SoC), the traditional"Globally Synchronous"(GS) approach is not longer viable, due to severe wire delays. Instead new solutions as"Globally Synchronous, Locally Asynchronous"(GALS) approaches have been proposed. We propose to replace the GALS approach with a mesochronous clocking principle. In this work, such an approach together with a circuit solution in 0.18mm CMOS process has been presented. This solution allows clocking frequencies up to 4 GHz