1,599 research outputs found
Weighing simulated galaxy clusters using lensing and X-ray
We aim at investigating potential biases in lensing and X-ray methods to
measure the cluster mass profiles. We do so by performing realistic simulations
of lensing and X-ray observations that are subsequently analyzed using
observational techniques. The resulting mass estimates are compared among them
and with the input models. Three clusters obtained from state-of-the-art
hydrodynamical simulations, each of which has been projected along three
independent lines-of-sight, are used for this analysis. We find that strong
lensing models can be trusted over a limited region around the cluster core.
Extrapolating the strong lensing mass models to outside the Einstein ring can
lead to significant biases in the mass estimates, if the BCG is not modeled
properly for example. Weak lensing mass measurements can be largely affected by
substructures, depending on the method implemented to convert the shear into a
mass estimate. Using non-parametric methods which combine weak and strong
lensing data, the projected masses within R200 can be constrained with a
precision of ~10%. De-projection of lensing masses increases the scatter around
the true masses by more than a factor of two due to cluster triaxiality. X-ray
mass measurements have much smaller scatter (about a factor of two smaller than
the lensing masses) but they are generally biased low by 5-20%. This bias is
ascribable to bulk motions in the gas of our simulated clusters. Using the
lensing and the X-ray masses as proxies for the true and the hydrostatic
equilibrium masses of the simulated clusters and averaging over the cluster
sample we are able to measure the lack of hydrostatic equilibrium in the
systems we have investigated.Comment: 27 pages, 21 figures, accepted for publication on A&A. Version with
full resolution images can be found at
http://pico.bo.astro.it/~massimo/Public/Papers/massComp.pd
Electromagnetic properties of strange baryons in a relativistic quark model
We present some of our results for the electromagnetic properties of excited ÎŁ hyperons, computed within the framework of the Bonn constituent-quark model, which is based on the Bethe-Salpeter approach. The seven parameters entering the model are fitted against the best-known baryon masses. Accordingly, the results for the form factors and helicity amplitudes are genuine predictions. We compare with the scarce experimental data available and discuss the processes in which ÎŁ
*'s may play an important role
Reconstruction of the two-dimensional gravitational potential of galaxy clusters from X-ray and Sunyaev-Zel'dovich measurements
The mass of galaxy clusters is not a direct observable, nonetheless it is
commonly used to probe cosmological models. Based on the combination of all
main cluster observables, that is, the X-ray emission, the thermal
Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) signal, the velocity dispersion of the cluster
galaxies, and gravitational lensing, the gravitational potential of galaxy
clusters can be jointly reconstructed. We derive the two main ingredients
required for this joint reconstruction: the potentials individually
reconstructed from the observables and their covariance matrices, which act as
a weight in the joint reconstruction. We show here the method to derive these
quantities. The result of the joint reconstruction applied to a real cluster
will be discussed in a forthcoming paper. We apply the Richardson-Lucy
deprojection algorithm to data on a two-dimensional (2D) grid. We first test
the 2D deprojection algorithm on a -profile. Assuming hydrostatic
equilibrium, we further reconstruct the gravitational potential of a simulated
galaxy cluster based on synthetic SZ and X-ray data. We then reconstruct the
projected gravitational potential of the massive and dynamically active cluster
Abell 2142, based on the X-ray observations collected with XMM-Newton and the
SZ observations from the Planck satellite. Finally, we compute the covariance
matrix of the projected reconstructed potential of the cluster Abell 2142 based
on the X-ray measurements collected with XMM-Newton. The gravitational
potentials of the simulated cluster recovered from synthetic X-ray and SZ data
are consistent, even though the potential reconstructed from X-rays shows
larger deviations from the true potential. Regarding Abell 2142, the projected
gravitational cluster potentials recovered from SZ and X-ray data reproduce
well the projected potential inferred from gravitational-lensing observations.
(abridged)Comment: accepted for publication in the journal A&
Differential Spectral Imaging of the CN Violet Band in Laser-Induced Plasmas on TNT Simulant Molecules
Dual channel emission imaging of m-nitrobenzoic acid and benzoic acid was performed in order to visualize the morphology of the CN violet band emission of a TNT analogue. The CN channel was corrected for continuum emission using a simultaneously imaged background channel. Simultaneous dual channel imaging alleviated problems with shot to shot variation in the plasma morphology due to the friable substrates and showed differences between plasmas formed on the two targets
Enantioselective reduction of sulfur-containing cyclic imines through biocatalysis
ZumbrÀgel N, Merten C, Huber SM, Gröger H. Enantioselective reduction of sulfur-containing cyclic imines through biocatalysis. Nature Communications. 2018;9(1): 1949
Possible regulation of CFTR-chloride channels by membrane-bound phosphatases in pancreatic duct cells
AbstractWe have studied CFTR-Clâ channels in non-CF CAPAN-1 and in CFTR-transfected CFPAC-PLJ-CFTR-6 epithelial cells from human pancreas. Theophylline and IBMX induced the opening of cell-attached CFTR-Clâ channels. Theophylline, IBMX and the alkaline phosphatase (AP) inhibitor levamisole enhanced the activity of excised channels and reduced by 70â75% the apical membrane-associated APs activity. Okadaic acid had no effect on APs and channel activities. A polyclonal anti-alkaline phosphatase antibody (which detected apical APs) reduced APs activity and activated quiescent excised chloride channels. These results suggest that CFTR channels may be regulated by membrane-bound phosphatases
The effects of a task-irrelevant visual event on spatial working memory.
In the present experiment, we investigated whether the memory of a location is affected by the occurrence of an irrelevant visual event. Participants had to memorize the location of a dot. During the retention interval, a task-irrelevant stimulus was presented with abrupt onset somewhere in the visual field. Results showed that the spatial memory representation was affected by the occurrence of the external irrelevant event relative to a control condition in which there was no external event. Specifically, the memorized location was shifted towards the location of the task-irrelevant stimulus. This effect was only present when the onset was close in space to the memory representation. These findings suggest that the âinternal â spatial map used for keeping a location in spatial working memory and the âexternal â spatial map that is affected by exogenous events in the outside world are either the same or tightly linked
Multiple spatially localized dynamical states in friction-excited oscillator chains
International audienceFriction-induced vibrations are known to affect many engineering applications. Here, we study a chain of friction-excited oscillators with nearest neighbor elastic coupling. The excitation is provided by a moving belt which moves at a certain velocity v d while friction is modelled with an exponentially decaying friction law. It is shown that in a certain range of driving velocities, multiple stable spatially localized solutions exist whose dynamical behavior (i.e. regular or irregular) depends on the number of oscillators involved in the vibration. The classical non-repeatability of friction-induced vibration problems can be interpreted in light of those multiple stable dynamical states. These states are found within a "snaking-like" bifurcation pattern. Contrary to the classical Anderson localization phenomenon, here the underlying linear system is perfectly homogeneous and localization is solely triggered by the friction nonlinearity
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