La reforma laboral mexicana en marcha: el caso de General Motors-Silao

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo reconstruir la manera en que la reforma a la ley laboral de 2019 se hizo concreta tomando como referencia el proceso de legitimación del contrato colectivo de los trabajadores de la planta de General Motors ubicada en el municipio de Silao, Guanajuato en México. Para dicha tarea fue necesario exponer los antecedentes que dieron origen a la nueva regulación del trabajo y el peso que en ella tuvo la renegociación del T-MEC. Un cambio en la ley que implicó modificar la configuración corporativa de las relaciones laborales que han dado sostén al modelo productivo toyotista precario mexicano. El estudio permitió identificar que las exigencias normativas en materia de democracia sindical y respeto a la libre asociación no se incorporaron de manera mecánica a las prácticas, su operatividad estuvo sujeta a presiones estructurales, mediaciones subjetivas y experienciales, y a la formación de acciones colectivas que disputaron el control de la representación de los trabajadores. La investigación siguió una estrategia etnográfica digital que se complementó con el análisis de fuentes oficiales y secundarias

Primeros registros de Estornino pinto en Chile: ¿Un nuevo capítulo de su invasión en el Cono Sur?

El Estornino pinto fue introducido en Argentina hace aproximadamente 30 años. En Chile, la primera observación de Estornino se realizó en Central, el 29 de mayo de 2018, al cual se sumaron dos registros posteriores en áreas aledañas. Es probable que dichos registros sean el resultado de la dispersión natural de la especie desde Argentina.Los primeros registros de Estornino en Chile nos hacen suponer un establecimiento inminente de la especie en el país, la que muy probablemente derive en una invasión biológica como consecuencia de su expansión en el Cono Sur. Es inminente la transformación del Estornino pinto en una especie invasora en Chile, con significativos impactos en la producción agrícola y en la avifauna nativa.Fil: Barroso, Rodrigo Martin. Red de Observadores de Aves y Vida Silvestre de Chile; ChileFil: Merlo, Francis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal; Argentin

The 'whole-animal approach' as a heuristic principle in neuroscience research

Neuroscience embraces a heterogeneous group of disciplines. A conceptual framework that allows a better articulation of these different theoretical and experimental perspectives is needed. A `whole-animal approach' is proposed as a theoretical and hermeneutic tool. To illustrate the potential of this point of view, an overview of the research that has been performed in the extinction of fear-conditioned responses from Pavlov to the present is discussed. This is an example of how a whole-animal-based approach may help to organize and integrate basic and clinical neuroscience research. Our proposal is in agreement with recent statements calling for more integrative approaches in biological and neuropsychiatric researc

Application of metal complexes as biomimetic catalysts on glycerol oxidation

Two biomimetic complexes were evaluated as catalysts in the H2O2 mediated oxidation of glycerol, namely a peroxidase mimetic Fe(III) protoporphyrin complex (hematin) and the superoxide-dismutase mimetic complex of Mn(III) with 1,3-bis(5-sulphonatesalycilidenamino) propane (MnL−). Catalysis was targeted to glyceraldehyde since antimicrobial power was proved for it. Glyceraldehyde evolved at a higher rate than the uncatalyzed reaction only with hematin acid treated solutions and kinetics were typical of a radical mechanism. Nonetheless, glycerol conversions were low. H2O2 bleached hematin and the immobilization on a porous matrix could not prevent this. Meanwhile, the catalatic activity of hematin was high but its peroxidatic activity was inhibited at pH > 8. Thus, the coordination of hematin compound I to H2O2 over glycerol may be the preferred route with the accumulation of peroxy radicals, able to degrade the porphyrinic ring -with probable iron releasing- but also contributing to glycerol oxidation. On the other hand, a prompt decay with time of the catalatic and peroxidatic activities of MnL− was observed, which was improved by the addition of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), dimethylformamide (DMF) or acetone to the basic buffer system. Finally, EPR spectroscopy of MnL− supported the hypothesis of the formation of an inactive bis-oxo-bridged Mn(IV)Mn(IV) dimer upon addition of H2O2.publishedVersionFil: Parodi, Adrián Rodrigo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos y Química Aplicada (IPQA); Argentina.Fil: Parodi, Adrián Rodrigo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos y Química Aplicada (IPQA); Argentina.Fil: Merlo, Carolina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV); Argentina.Fil: Merlo Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV); Argentina.Fil: Córdoba, Agostina. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional - Facultad Regional Córdoba (U.T.N – F.R.C). Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Química “Prof. Dr. Oscar A. Orio” (CITeQ); Argentina.Fil: Córdoba, Agostina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Química “Prof. Dr. Oscar A. Orio” (CITeQ); Argentina.Fil: Palopoli, Claudia. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR); Argentina.Fil: Palopoli, Claudia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Centro Científico Tecnológico (CCT Rosario). Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR); Argentina.Fil: Ferreyra, Joaquín. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR); Argentina.Fil: Ferreyra, Joaquín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Centro Científico Tecnológico (CCT Rosario). Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR); Argentina.Fil: Signorella, Sandra. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR); Argentina.Fil: Signorella, Sandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Centro Científico Tecnológico (CCT Rosario). Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR); Argentina.Fil: Ferreira, María Luján. Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS). Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química (PLAPIQUI); Argentina.Fil: Ferreira, María Luján. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química (PLAPIQUI); Argentina.Fil: Magario, Ivana. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos y Química Aplicada (IPQA); Argentina.Fil: Magario, Ivana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos y Química Aplicada (IPQA); Argentina

Resíduo da secagem dos grãos de café como substrato alternativo em mudas de café Conilon

Among the various wastes generated during the coffee in the mountainous region of the Espiríto Santo state, “moinha” stands out from graim during. Because of their nutritional potential and the need have properly in the environment, it is aimed, with this work, evaluate the use of the different concentrations of the moinha as alternative substrate for vegetative development Conilon coffee seedlings. Was used a randomized block design, with four replicates, with split plot in the time. Different substrates were allocated in the plot (T1: soil + cattle manure at a ratio of 3: 1; T2: 10% moinha + soil; T3: 20% moinha + soil, T4: 30% moinha + soil and T5: 40% moinha + soil) and, in the subplots, the different ages of evaluation (60, 82, 104 and 126 days after planting). Variables such as changes in height, stem diameter, crown diameter, number of leaves and fresh and dry matter of root and shoot were submitted to ANOVA, F test hair, and as media, compared hair test Dunnet (α = 0.05). The use of the conventional substrate can be replaced hair by the substrate containing 10% moinha without there be difference in plant height as well as in dry and fresh matter shoot, what demonstrates it potential use as for the alternative substrate for producing seedlings.Dentre os diversos resíduos gerados durante o processo de beneficiamento do café, destaca-se aquele proveniente da secagem dos grãos, denominado na região serrana do Espírito Santo como “moinha”. Em razão de sua potencialidade nutricional e a necessidade de dispô-lo adequadamente no meio ambiente, objetivou-se, com a realização deste trabalho, avaliar o uso de diferentes concentrações de moinha como substrato alternativo no desenvolvimento vegetativo de mudas de café Conilon. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados, com 4 repetições, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas no tempo, sendo alocados nas parcelas os diferentes substratos (T1: solo + esterco bovino na proporção de 3:1; T2: 10% de moinha + solo; T3: 20% de moinha + solo; T4: 30% de moinha + solo e T5: 40% de moinha + solo) e, nas subparcelas, as diferentes idades de avaliação (60; 80; 100 e 125 dias após o plantio). As variáveis altura de muda, diâmetro de caule, diâmetro de copa, número de folhas e a matéria fresca e seca da raiz e da parte aérea foram submetidas à análise de variância, pelo teste F, e as médias, comparadas pelo teste de Dunnet (α =0,05). O uso do substrato convencional pode ser substituído pelo substrato contendo 10% de moinha, sem que haja diferença na altura de plantas, bem como nas matérias seca e fresca da parte aérea, o que demonstra seu potencial de uso como substrato alternativo para a produção mudas clonais de café Conilon

Agricultural wastes incorporated to the substrate in the production of scarlet eggplant seedlings

The use of agricultural residues for seedlings production stands out as an effective sustainable alternative in the production of vegetables. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of increasing concentrations of wastes from the coffee beans drying process (moinha) on substrates composed of coconut fiber, eggshell and commercial substrate in the emergence and quality of scarlet eggplant seedlings. We carried out the experiment with five treatments, as the following: T0 – commercial substrate BioplantÒ; T1- 15% of moinha  (MO) + 15% of coconut fiber (FC) + 5% of eggshells (CO) + 65% of commercial substrate (SC); T2 - 30% MO + 15% FC + 5% CO+ 50% SC; T3 - 45% MO + 15% FC + 5% CO + 35% SC; and T4 - 60% MO + 15% FC + 5% CO + 20% SC. We evaluated the emergency speed index, seed emergency, seedling height, stem diameter, shoot, root and total dry mass, Dickson’s Quality Index and the electrical conductivity of the substrates. The addition of moinha concentrations above 15% promotes an increase in electrical conductivity compared to the control and negatively affects the seedlings emergency. Among all treatments, 38% of moinha promotes an increase in the number of leaves, 15% of moinha results in higher plant height, stem diameter, and the highest dry mass accumulation. The alternative substrate containing 15% MO + 15% FC + 5% CO + 65% SC promotes a better development for scarlet eggplants seedlings, being an alternative to the exclusive use of the commercial substrate

Resíduos agrícolas incorporados a substrato comercial na produção de mudas de repolho

In the production of quality vegetables, the formation of seedlings is one of the most important phases for the crop cycle, directly influencing the final performance of the plant, both from a nutritional and productive point of view. One of the decisive factors to obtain seedlings with quality and consequent increase in productivity is the type of substrate used. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of increasing proportions of residues from the drying of coffee beans (chaff) on alternative substrates constituted by coconut fiber, eggshell and commercial substrate, in the growth variables of cabbage seedlings. The experiment was conducted under a completely randomized design, with five treatments and ten replicates, with the following treatments: T0: commercial substrate (control); T1: 10% chaff (CH) + 15% coconut fiber (CF) + 5% eggshell (ES) + 70% commercial substrate (CS); T2: 20% CH + 15% CF + 5% ES + 60% CS; T3: 30% CH + 15% CF + 5% ES + 50% CS; T4: 40% CH + 15% CF + 5% ES + 40% CS. The evaluated variables were substrate electrical conductivity, collection diameter, number of leaves, height of plants and dry matter of shoot, root, and total plant. The highest values obtained from the variables analyzed were obtained in the treatment 4, in which 40% of woodwool + 15% coconut fiber + 5% eggshell + 40% commercial substrate were used.Na produção de hortaliças de qualidade a formação de mudas é uma das fases mais importantes para o ciclo da cultura, influenciando diretamente no desempenho final da planta, tanto do ponto de vista nutricional como produtivo. Um dos fatores decisivos para obtenção de mudas com qualidade e consequente aumento de produtividade é o tipo de substrato utilizado. O estudo objetivou avaliar o efeito de proporções crescentes de resíduos da secagem de grãos de café (moinha) em substratos alternativos compostos de fibra de coco, casca de ovo e substrato comercial, nas variáveis de crescimento de mudas de repolho. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e dez repetições, sendo os tratamentos: T0: substrato comercial (testemunha); T1: 10% de moinha (MO) + 15% fibra de coco (FC) + 5% casca de ovo (CO) + 70% substrato comercial (SC); T2: 20% de MO + 15% FC + 5% CO + 60% SC; T3: 30% de MO + 15% FC + 5% CO + 50% SC; T4: 40% de MO + 15% FC + 5% CO + 40% SC. As variáveis avaliadas foram condutividade elétrica do substrato, diâmetro de coleto, número de folhas, altura de plantas e matérias secas da parte aérea, raiz e total de planta. Os maiores valores obtidos das variáveis analisadas foram obtidos no tratamento 4, no qual se utilizou-se 40% de moinha + 15% fibra de coco + 5% casca de ovo + 40% substrato comercial

Minimal flavour violation extensions of the seesaw

We analyze the most natural formulations of the minimal lepton flavour violation hypothesis compatible with a type-I seesaw structure with three heavy singlet neutrinos N, and satisfying the requirement of being predictive, in the sense that all LFV effects can be expressed in terms of low energy observables. We find a new interesting realization based on the flavour group $SU(3)_e\times SU(3)_{\ell+N}$ (being $e$ and $\ell$ respectively the SU(2) singlet and doublet leptons). An intriguing feature of this realization is that, in the normal hierarchy scenario for neutrino masses, it allows for sizeable enhancements of $\mu \to e$ transitions with respect to LFV processes involving the $\tau$ lepton. We also discuss how the symmetries of the type-I seesaw allow for a strong suppression of the N mass scale with respect to the scale of lepton number breaking, without implying a similar suppression for possible mechanisms of N productionComment: 14 pages, 6 figure

Aplicación de la estrategia del employer engagement para mejorar la comunicación interna en una empresa privada

The objective was to propose a strategy to improve internal communication in a private company. With a methodology based on the mixed approach, projective type, comprehensive level, inductive-deductive method. Internal communication problems were obtained as results, whose situation causes low interest in the resolution of management problems and low efficiency in the fulfillment of their functions, in terms of corporate identity, it was observed that employees do not have a Good image of the organization, in addition, employees do not participate in collective activities and do not contribute ideas to improve the work style and adaptation in the company, likewise, there is a misuse of communication channels, generating both the commitment as the motivation is diminished, negatively affecting the results. It was proposed to apply the Employer engagement strategy, whose guidelines lie in performing the Employee Branding technique and the management of human resources 2.0, both seek to turn employees into the visible face of the company, optimize the corporate identity of the organization, improve Personnel management and performance, create communication strategies improving the emotional value of work and loyalty.El objetivo fue proponer una estrategia para mejorar la comunicación interna en una empresa privada. Con una metodología basada en el enfoque mixto, tipo proyectivo, nivel comprensivo, método inductivo-deductivo. Se obtuvo como resultados problemas de comunicación interna, cuya situación causa en los empleados un bajo interés en la resolución de problemas de gestión y poca eficiencia en el cumplimiento de sus funciones, en cuanto a la identidad corporativa, se observó que los empleados no tienen una buena imagen de la organización, además, los colaboradores no participan en actividades colectivas y no aportan ideas para mejorar el estilo de trabajo y la adaptación en la empresa, así mismo, hay un mal uso de los canales de comunicación, generando que tanto el compromiso como la motivación se vean disminuidos, afectando negativamente los resultados. Se propuso aplicar la estrategia del Employer engagement, cuyas directrices radican en realizar la técnica del Employee Branding y la gestión de recursos humanos 2.0, ambas buscan convertir a los empleados en la cara visible de la empresa, optimizar la identidad corporativa de la organización, mejorar la gestión del personal y su rendimiento, crear estrategias de comunicación mejorando el valor emocional del trabajo y la fidelización

Rapid Weight Loss of Up to Five Percent of the Body Mass in Less Than 7 Days Does Not Affect Physical Performance in Official Olympic Combat Athletes With Weight Classes: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis

Given the relevance of the effects that weight loss can generate on the physical performance in athletes, this study performed a systematic review with meta-analysis of the published literature on rapid weight loss (RWL) and examined its impact on the physical performance in Official Olympic combat sports athletes. The “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis” (PRISMA) guidelines were followed to ensure an ethical and complete reporting of the findings. PubMed, SPORT Discus, and EBSCO were the electronic databases explored for article retrieval and selection. The following string was applied: “RWL” OR “weight loss” OR “weight reduction” AND “judo” OR “wrestling” or “taekwondo” or “boxing” AND “performance.” Based on the quality analysis, conducted according to the “Tool for the assessment of study quality and reporting in exercise training studies” (TESTEX), ten articles achieved a score >6 points. The meta-analysis showed a significant difference in pre- vs. postweight loss (p = 0.003) and no effects in pre- vs. post-power and strength performance analysis (p > 0.05 for both results). Based on our systematic review and metaanalysis of the literature, RWL up to ≤5% of the body mass in less than 7 days does not influence performance outcomes in Official Olympic combat athletes with weight classes, considering the strength and power measures