Parental Role, Social Media, Peer Support, and Their Associations on Attitude Toward Reproductive Health in Female Students in Junior High Schools, Manokwari, West Papua

Background: The risky behavior of adolescents in Indonesia towards their reproductive health makes adolescents vulnerable to experiencing pregnancy at an early age, pregnancy outside of marriage, unwanted pregnancy, and infection with sexually transmitted diseases to unsafe abortions. Adolescent attitudes toward risky behavior depend on information obtained from parents, peers and social media. This study aimed to determine how much influence the role of parents, social media, and peers had on the attitudes of young women to maintain their reproductive health. Subjects and Method: The research design was an observational analytic research study, with a cross-sectional approach. It was carried out at SMP Negeri 1 and SMP Negeri 2, Manokwari, West Papua in April to July 2022. A total of 130 girls were selected by random sampling. The dependent variable is attitude. The independent variables are the role of parents, peers, and social media. Data analysis with logistic regression model using the STATA 17 program. Results: Parental role (OR= 17.40; 95% CI= 5.32 to 56.90; p <0.001), peers OR= 11.28; 95% CI 3.23 to 39.33; p <0.001), and social media (OR= 7.30; 95% CI= 2.25 to 23.71; p= 0.001) positively and significantly affected positive attitude of reproductive health. Conclusion: The role of parents, peers, and social media influences the positive attitudes of adole­scents about their reproductive health. Keywords: reproductive health, attitude, parental role, peers, social media, adolescent. Correspondence: Priscilla Jessica Pihahey. School of Health Polytechnic, Ministry of Health Sorong. Jl. Basuki Rahmat, Klawalu, East Sorong, Sorong 98416, West Papua. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +628114852336. Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2023), 08(01): 34-43 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2023.08.01.0

Self-management Interventions for Pain and Physical Symptoms Among People Living With HIV:A Systematic Review of the Evidence

Introduction: Pain and symptoms still persist among people living with HIV/AIDS. Evidence-based self-management interventions have the potential to help people with HIV/AIDS to successfully manage pain and symptoms. We aimed to identify and appraise the evidence regarding the effectiveness of self-management interventions for pain and/or physical symptoms in people living with HIV/AIDS. Methods: We searched for controlled intervention studies in Amed, Assian, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, Medline, PsycInfo, Scopus, and Web of Science data bases, from 1984 to February 2017. Two reviewers screened and extracted data, assessed risk of bias (using Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal checklist for randomized and nonrandomized trials), and rated the quality of evidence (GRADE tool). Results: We identified 22 original papers reporting 19 different studies. Of these, 17 used randomized controlled trial designs. Three studies reported data on pain severity, and 2 studies reported data on pain interference outcomes with one study reporting positive effect on both outcomes. Outcomes for physical symptoms were reported in 13 studies with 6 studies reporting positive effect. The quality of evidence was moderate for pain outcomes. For physical symptoms, one study was rated as moderate; the rest were rated as low n = 8 and very low n = 4 quality. Conclusions: There is some evidence to suggest that self-management interventions delivered either online, face-to-face, or group-based consisting of booklet, leaflet, or manuals are effective in improving pain and physical symptoms. Findings suggest the need for theoretically plausible high-quality clinical trials of pain and physical symptom self-management among culturally diverse people with HIV

Water Ice and Dust in the Innermost Coma of Comet 103P/Hartley 2

On November 4th, 2010, the Deep Impact eXtended Investigation (DIXI) successfully encountered comet 103P/Hartley 2, when it was at a heliocentric distance of 1.06 AU. Spatially resolved near-IR spectra of comet Hartley 2 were acquired in the 1.05-4.83 micron wavelength range using the HRI-IR spectrometer. We present spectral maps of the inner ~10 kilometers of the coma collected 7 minutes and 23 minutes after closest approach. The extracted reflectance spectra include well-defined absorption bands near 1.5, 2.0, and 3.0 micron consistent in position, bandwidth, and shape with the presence of water ice grains. Using Hapke's radiative transfer model, we characterize the type of mixing (areal vs. intimate), relative abundance, grain size, and spatial distribution of water ice and refractories. Our modeling suggests that the dust, which dominates the innermost coma of Hartley 2 and is at a temperature of 300K, is thermally and physically decoupled from the fine-grained water ice particles, which are on the order of 1 micron in size. The strong correlation between the water ice, dust, and CO2 spatial distribution supports the concept that CO2 gas drags the water ice and dust grains from the nucleus. Once in the coma, the water ice begins subliming while the dust is in a constant outflow. The derived water ice scale-length is compatible with the lifetimes expected for 1-micron pure water ice grains at 1 AU, if velocities are near 0.5 m/s. Such velocities, about three order of magnitudes lower than the expansion velocities expected for isolated 1-micron water ice particles [Hanner, 1981; Whipple, 1951], suggest that the observed water ice grains are likely aggregates.Comment: 51 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in Icaru

Pain self-management in HIV-infected individuals with chronic pain: a qualitative study

OBJECTIVE: Chronic pain in individuals with HIV is a common, impairing condition. Behavioral interventions for chronic pain specifically tailored to this population have yet to be developed. We assert that understanding self-management strategies already used by persons living with these conditions is an essential first step, and is the objective of this investigation. DESIGN: We conducted a thematic analysis of qualitative data from 25 in-depth interviews with individuals with HIV and chronic pain. RESULTS: The primary pain self-management strategies articulated by participants were: physical activity; cognitive and spiritual strategies; spending time with family and friends and social support; avoidance of physical/social activity; medication-centric pain management; and substance use. CONCLUSIONS: Some of these strategies may be viewed as beneficial and overlap with known HIV self-management strategies (cognitive strategies), whereas others may have negative health consequences (substance use). Interventions that incorporate healthy self-management strategies may be particularly effective in improving both HIV and pain outcomes

Care pathways during a child's final illness in rural South Africa: Findings from a social autopsy study.

BACKGROUND: Half of under-5 deaths in South Africa occur at home, however the reasons remain poorly described and data on the care pathways during fatal childhood illness is limited. This study aimed to better describe care-seeking behavior in fatal childhood illness and to assess barriers to healthcare and modifiable factors that contribute to under-5 deaths in rural South Africa. METHODS: We conducted a social autopsy study on all under-5 deaths in two rural South African health and demographic surveillance system sites. Descriptive analyses based on the Pathways to Survival Framework were used to characterise how caregivers move through the stages of seeking and providing care for children during their final illness and to identify modifiable factors that contributed to death. FINDINGS: Of 53 deaths, 40% occurred outside health facilities. Rates of antenatal and perinatal preventative care-seeking were high: over 70% of mothers had tested for HIV, 93% received professional assistance during delivery and 79% of children were reportedly immunised appropriately for age. Of the 48 deaths tracked through the stages of the Pathways to Survival Framework, 10% died suddenly without any care, 23% received home care of whom 80% had signs of severe or possibly severe illness, and 85% sought or attempted to seek formal care outside the home. Although half of all children left the first facility alive, only 27% were referred for further care. CONCLUSIONS: Modifiable factors for preventing deaths during a child's final illness occur both inside and outside the home. The most important modifiable factors occurring inside the home relate to caregivers' recognition of illness and appreciation of urgency in response to the severity of the child's symptoms and signs. Outside the home, modifiable factors relate to inadequate referral and follow-up by health professionals. Further research should focus on identifying and overcoming barriers to referral

PERANCANGAN GEDUNG PANTI UNIT REHABILITASI DI KOTA YOGYAKARTA

Dalam membangun suatu bangunan perlu adanya perencanaan dan pelaksanaan yang tepat agar terciptanya bangunan yang baik. Perkembangan di bidang kontruksi telah berkembang sangat pesat hingga saat ini, Teknologi yang digunakan hingga cara pelaksanaan dilapangan telah berkembang. Dengan adanya perkembangan pada standarisasi dalam membangun suatu bangunan mengakibatkan bangunan menjadi semakin aman terhadap berbagai kendala yang di hadapi bangunan. Perancang bangunan harus tepat dalam merancang bangunan yang sesuai dengan standarisasi yang telah dibuat. Salah satunya yaitu dalam membangun Gedung Rehabilitasi bagi orang dalam gangguan jiwa yang ada di Yogyakarta. Pembuatan Gedung rehabilitas ini memiliki tantangan yang besar sebab di Yogyakarta sendiri sering terjadi gempa besar sehingga perlu bangunan yang kuat dan tahan terhadap gempa terutama agar pasien yang ada pada Rehabilitasi dapat tetap aman dan nyaman. Dalam membangun Gedung Rehabilitasi Maintainance ini sendiri dibangun dengan metode hitungan manual yang di bantu dengan software untuk mempermudah dalam perhitungan dan perancangan gedung disertai dengan perhitungan yang mengikuti SNI yang telah ditetapkan. Gedung Rehabilitasi Maintainance ini sendiri adalah tempat rawat inap yang berfungsi untuk menampung pasien orang dalam ganguan jiwa atau orang dalam gangguan jiwa yang telah mengalami penurunan perilaku seperti lebih tenang dan menurunnya tanda-tanda seperti yang dialami oleh orang yang mengalami Disabilitas Mental serta dianggap bisa menjalani rehabilitasi selanjutnya. Gedung Rahbilitasi Maintainance ini didesain senyaman mungkin seperti terdapat banyak jedela di setiap unit lalu terdapat taman yang ditumbuhi pepohonan dan tanaman, tidak lupa pada bagian tepi bangunan terdapat pembatas untuk ruang dalam dan luar ruangan yang terdapat pada ruang jemur pakaian yang tembus pandang yang terbuat dari material metal sehingga para pasien dapat melihat taman dengan nyaman tanpa harus kawatir terjatuh. Gedung Rehabilitasi Maintainance ini berada di dalam komplek Rehabilitasi yang terdapat berbagai bangunan yang memiliki peran masing-masing dalam menangani pasien orang dalam gangguan jiwa dan Gedung Rehabilitas Maintainance sebagai gedung utama yang paling besar serta menampung banyak pasien baik itu perempuan dan laki-laki yang dibedakan menjadi 3 unit yaitu unit 1 bagi Perempuan, unit 3 bagi laki-laki dan unit 2 bagi petugas yang mengontrol keadaan para pasien. Gedung ini memiliki 2 lantai di setiap unitnya dan tangga dan Ram agar mempermudah dalam pasien yang mengunakan kursi roda bila ingin ke lantai atas serta karna memiliki bentuk bangunan L sehingga bangunan ini mengalami dilatasi yang membagi antara unit 1 dan unit 2 dan juga unit 2 dan unit 3. Tangga dan Ram ini teradapat pada Unit 1 dan Unit 3. Gedung Rehabilitasi Miaintainance ini dirancang dengan 3 tahapan yaitu perancangan struktur atas meliputi struktur bangunan dan atap lalu struktur bawah meliputi kuat dukung tanah dan pondasi yang digunakan dan yang terkahir yaitu menghitung Managemen biaya dan Waktu yang dibutuhkan dari awal bangunan hingga selesainya dibuat. Setiap tahapan perancangan disertai dengan hitungan yang detail dan juga gambar mengenai setiap tahapanyang telah dikerjakan secara mendetail yang bisa dilihat pada bagian lampiran. Tiap tahapan perancangan sendiri telah mengikuti SNI yang berlaku. Untuk struktur bagian atas diselesaikan pada Tugas Akhir Perancangan Infrastruktur 1, dan Struktur bagian bawah dan Managemen Biaya dan Waktu diselesaikan pada Tugas Akhir Prencangan Infrastruktu

PERANCANGAN GEDUNG PANTI UNIT REHABILITASI MAINTAINANCE

Dalam membangun suatu bangunan perlu adanya perencanaan dan pelaksanaan yang tepat agar terciptanya bangunan yang baik. Perkembangan di bidang kontruksi telah berkembang sangat pesat hingga saat ini, Teknologi yang digunakan hingga cara pelaksanaan dilapangan telah berkembang. Dengan adanya perkembangan pada standarisasi dalam membangun suatu bangunan mengakibatkan bangunan menjadi semakin aman terhadap berbagai kendala yang di hadapi bangunan. Perancang bangunan harus tepat dalam merancang bangunan yang sesuai dengan standarisasi yang telah dibuat. Salah satunya yaitu dalam membangun Gedung Rehabilitasi bagi orang dalam gangguan jiwa yang ada di Yogyakarta. Pembuatan Gedung rehabilitas ini memiliki tantangan yang besar sebab di Yogyakarta sendiri sering terjadi gempa besar sehingga perlu bangunan yang kuat dan tahan terhadap gempa terutama agar pasien yang ada pada Rehabilitasi dapat tetap aman dan nyaman. Dalam membangun Gedung Rehabilitasi Maintainance ini sendiri dibangun dengan metode hitungan manual yang di bantu dengan software untuk mempermudah dalam perhitungan dan perancangan gedung disertai dengan perhitungan yang mengikuti SNI yang telah ditetapkan. Gedung Rehabilitasi Maintainance ini sendiri adalah tempat rawat inap yang berfungsi untuk menampung pasien orang dalam ganguan jiwa atau orang dalam gangguan jiwa yang telah mengalami penurunan perilaku seperti lebih tenang dan menurunnya tanda-tanda seperti yang dialami oleh orang yang mengalami Disabilitas Mental serta dianggap bisa menjalani rehabilitasi selanjutnya. Gedung Rahbilitasi Maintainance ini didesain senyaman mungkin seperti terdapat banyak jedela di setiap unit lalu terdapat taman yang ditumbuhi pepohonan dan tanaman, tidak lupa pada bagian tepi bangunan terdapat pembatas untuk ruang dalam dan luar ruangan yang terdapat pada ruang jemur pakaian yang tembus pandang yang terbuat dari material metal sehingga para pasien dapat melihat taman dengan nyaman tanpa harus kawatir terjatuh. Gedung Rehabilitasi Maintainance ini berada di dalam komplek Rehabilitasi yang terdapat berbagai bangunan yang memiliki peran masing-masing dalam menangani pasien orang dalam gangguan jiwa dan Gedung Rehabilitas Maintainance sebagai gedung utama yang paling besar serta menampung banyak pasien baik itu perempuan dan laki-laki yang dibedakan menjadi 3 unit yaitu unit 1 bagi Perempuan, unit 3 bagi laki-laki dan unit 2 bagi petugas yang mengontrol keadaan para pasien. Gedung ini memiliki 2 lantai di setiap unitnya dan tangga dan Ram agar mempermudah dalam pasien yang mengunakan kursi roda bila ingin ke lantai atas serta karna memiliki bentuk bangunan L sehingga bangunan ini mengalami dilatasi yang membagi antara unit 1 dan unit 2 dan juga unit 2 dan unit 3. Tangga dan Ram ini teradapat pada Unit 1 dan Unit 3. Gedung Rehabilitasi Miaintainance ini dirancang dengan 3 tahapan yaitu perancangan struktur atas meliputi struktur bangunan dan atap lalu struktur bawah meliputi kuat dukung tanah dan pondasi yang digunakan dan yang terkahir yaitu menghitung Managemen biaya dan Waktu yang dibutuhkan dari awal bangunan hingga selesainya dibuat. Setiap tahapan perancangan disertai dengan hitungan yang detail dan juga gambar mengenai setiap tahapanyang telah dikerjakan secara mendetail yang bisa dilihat pada bagian lampiran. Tiap tahapan perancangan sendiri telah mengikuti SNI yang berlaku. Untuk struktur bagian atas diselesaikan pada Tugas Akhir Perancangan Infrastruktur 1, dan Struktur bagian bawah dan Managemen Biaya dan Waktu diselesaikan pada Tugas Akhir Prencangan Infrastruktur

Pain and Physical and Psychological Symptoms in Ambulatory HIV Patients in the Current Treatment Era

Context HIV infection has become a manageable chronic disease. There are few studies of pain and symptoms in the current treatment era. Objectives The primary objective was to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for pain and physical and psychological symptoms in a population of ambulatory HIV patients. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study using the Brief Pain Inventory and the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale. Results We evaluated 156 individuals with a median age of 47.5 years (range 21–71), median time since HIV diagnosis of 11 years (range 3(interquartile range [IQR] 308–683). The majority (125, 80.6%) had an undetectable viral load. Seventy-six (48.7%) reported pain, of whom 39 (51.3%) had moderate to severe pain, and 43 (57.3%) had pain that caused moderate to severe interference with their lives. The median number of symptoms was eight (IQR 5–14.5) of 32 queried. In multivariable analyses, patients with psychiatric illness were 39.8% more likely to have pain (P Conclusion Pain and other physical and psychological symptoms were common among ambulatory HIV patients. Pain and symptoms were strongly associated with psychiatric illness and IV drug use. Future investigation should evaluate interventions that include psychiatric and substance abuse components for HIV patients with pain

Cost-effectiveness of a chronic pain intervention for people living with HIV (PLWH)

Background: Chronic pain is a common, disabling, and costly comorbidity, particularly in people living with HIV (PLWH). This study developed and pilot tested a pain self-management intervention for chronic pain tailored to PLWH called Skills TO Manage Pain (STOMP). Objectives: Given the additional resources needed to deliver STOMP in HIV clinical settings, an important objective of the pilot study was to assess not only STOMP’s preliminary efficacy, but also its cost-effectiveness. Research design and subjects: The present study draws from a 44-participant, 2-arm randomized pilot trial of the STOMP intervention vs usual care among PLWH and at least moderate chronic pain (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02824562). Cost-effectiveness is presented as the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). Costs were considered from the clinic perspective over a 1-year time horizon using real costs from the pilot trial. It was conservatively assumed there would be no costs savings. The Standard Gamble (SG) method was used to directly measure utilities. Results: Thirty-six participants met inclusion criteria for the present analyses. Mean age was 52 years; 61% were female and 86% were black. The total cost of STOMP was $483.83 per person. Using the SG method, the change in QALYs was 0.15, corresponding to an ICER of$3,225. Conclusions: STOMP’s cost/QALY is substantially lower than the $50,000 to$100,000/QALY benchmark often used to indicate cost-effectiveness. Although based on a pilot trial and, therefore, preliminary, these findings are promising, and suggest the importance of cost analyses in future STOMP trials