The Effect of Clitoria Ternatea's Drink on Insomnia in Post COVID-19 Patients

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic evokes an effect on patients of post-COVID-19. One of them is diminished sleep quality known as insomnia. Concerning the problem, WHO strongly supports the supportive supplementary medicines made from traditional plants during the COVID-19 pandemic, one of which is by utilizing butterfly pea flowers. The study aimed to determine the effect of butterfly pea flower drinks on insomnia in post-COVID-19 patientsSubjects and Method: This was a randomized controlled trial. The population in this study was 36 respondents who experienced insomnia post-COVID-19. The sampling technique used was simple random sampling. The total sample of 32 respondents was divided into 2 groups, namely 16 respondents as an intervention group and 16 respondents as a control group. This research was conducted for 14 days, from September 18 to October 3, 2022, at the Islamic Housing Complex, Neighborhood Unit 001, Kelapa Dua, Tangerang Regency. The independent variable in this study was the administration of butterfly pea flower drink and the dependent variable was insomnia. The study instruments used were observation sheets for the administration of butterfly pea flower drink and the Insomnia Rating Scale (IRS) questionnaire for the insomnia variable. The study used an independent t-test for data analysis.Results: Independent t-test results indicated that the intervention group (Mean= - 4.31 SD= 3.70) was lower than the control group (Mean= -0.38; SD= 2.50), and the result was statistically significant (p= 0.001).Conclusion: There is an effect of butterfly pea flower drink on insomnia in post-COVID-19 patients. Keywords: butterfly pea flower, post-COVID-19, insomnia, healthy drink.Correspondence:Solihati. Yatsi Madani University. Jsl. Aria Santika No.40A, RT.005/RW.011, Margasari, Kec. Karawaci, Kota Tangerang, Banten 15114. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +62812­888­63088.Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2023), 08(01): 13-21DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2023.08.01.0

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Audio and VisualAudio as Health Promotion Media for Prevention of COVID-19 Transmission

Background: The elementary school (SD) in Jotang village in Sumbawa is a mountainous and coastal area with middle to lower economic status and the lack of availability of health workers there, allowing public knowledge, especially children, to be very lacking. There has never been any research on children's health in the area to be considered in choosing an elementary school in Jotang village to be the research site. This study aims to compare the effect of health promotion using audio media with audio-visual media on preventing the transmission of the COVID-19 virus to elementary school students in Jotang Village, Sumbawa RegencySubjects and Method: This research is a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test designs. The research was conducted in Jotang village, Sumbawa regency, West Nusa Tenggara, Tahun 2022. The sample was 88 students. Variables The dependent variable was knowledge. The independent variables ware audio media and video media. Data were collected by using a questionnaire and analyzed by bivariate analysis with Mann Whitney test.  Results: That audio-visual media is more effective than audio media as a health promotion medium for elementary school children compared to audio media with p= 0.039.Conclusion: Audio-visual media is more effective than audio media as a health promotionKeywords: health promotion media, COVID-19, primary school.Correspondence:Lina Eta Safitri. School of Health Sciences Griya Husada Sumbawa. Jl. Kebayan, Brang Biji, Sumbawa, West Nusa Tenggara. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6285337037619.Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2023), 08(01): 8-12DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2023.08.01.0

Factors Associated with the Utilization of Tetanus Toxoid Immunization Services among Pregnant Women in Oepoi Health Center, Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara

Background: The tetanus toxoid (TT) immunization program is a process of building immunity as an effort to prevent tetanus infection. TT immunization is important to form tetanus antibodies that will prevent neonatal tetanus. The coverage of TT immunization in Oepoi Community Health Center Working Area in 2020 is classified as very low, which was only 37.06%. The low coverage of TT Immunization indicated a lack of utilization of immunization services by pregnant women. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with the utilization of Tetanus Toxoid immu­ni­zation services for pregnant women in the working area of the Oepoi Health Center.Subjects and Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the working area of the Oepoi Health Center, Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara from March to October 2022. A total of 46 third trimester pregnant women were selected by simple random sampling. The dependent variable was the TT immunization service. The independent variables were knowledge, the role of health workers, husband's support, and parity. Data was collected by using a questionnaire and analyzed by using the chi-square test.Results: There is a relationship between knowledge (OR= 48.00; 95%CI= 7.84 to 293.71; p<0.001), the role of health workers (OR= 22.16; 95%CI= 2.57 to 190.99; p<0.001) husband’s support (OR=10.85; 95%CI= 2.68 to 43.89; p<0.001), parity (OR= 3.73; 95%CI= 1.08 to 12.90; p= 0.033) and the utilization of the TT immunization service in the Oepoi Health Center working area.Conclusion: Knowledge, the role of health workers, husband's support, parity are related with the utilization of TT immunization services in the working area of the Oepoi Health Center.Keywords: immunization, tetanus toxoid, pregnant women.Correspondence:Chintya Leba Leo. Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Nusa Cendana Kupang. Jl. Adisucipto Number 1 Penfui Kotak Pos 104 Kupang 85001, East Nusa Tenggara. Email: chintya­leba­[email protected]. Mobile: +62 813-3855-7740.Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2023), 08(01): 58-64DOi: https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2023.08.01.0

Parental Role, Social Media, Peer Support, and Their Associations on Attitude Toward Reproductive Health in Female Students in Junior High Schools, Manokwari, West Papua

Background: The risky behavior of adolescents in Indonesia towards their reproductive health makes adolescents vulnerable to experiencing pregnancy at an early age, pregnancy outside of marriage, unwanted pregnancy, and infection with sexually transmitted diseases to unsafe abortions. Adolescent attitudes toward risky behavior depend on information obtained from parents, peers and social media. This study aimed to determine how much influence the role of parents, social media, and peers had on the attitudes of young women to maintain their reproductive health.Subjects and Method: The research design was an observational analytic research study, with a cross-sectional approach. It was carried out at SMP Negeri 1 and SMP Negeri 2, Manokwari, West Papua in April to July 2022. A total of 130 girls were selected by random sampling. The dependent variable is attitude. The independent variables are the role of parents, peers, and social media. Data analysis with logistic regression model using the STATA 17 program.Results: Parental role (OR= 17.40; 95% CI= 5.32 to 56.90; p <0.001), peers OR= 11.28; 95% CI 3.23 to 39.33; p <0.001), and social media (OR= 7.30; 95% CI= 2.25 to 23.71; p= 0.001) positively and significantly affected positive attitude of reproductive health.Conclusion: The role of parents, peers, and social media influences the positive attitudes of adole­scents about their reproductive health.Keywords: reproductive health, attitude, parental role, peers, social media, adolescent.Correspondence:Priscilla Jessica Pihahey. School of Health Polytechnic, Ministry of Health Sorong. Jl. Basuki Rahmat, Klawalu, East Sorong, Sorong 98416, West Papua. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +628114852336.Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2023), 08(01): 34-43DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2023.08.01.0

Meta Analysis: Peer Influence on Smoking Behavior in Adolescents

Background: Tobacco smoking is a direct cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Five million people die from smoking-related diseases every year in the world. If there is no change, then in the next 3 to 40 years the number of deaths and disabilities due to smoking will increase. This study aims to determine the magnitude of the influence of peers on smoking behavior in adolescents, with a primary study conducted by previous authors.Subjects and Method: This study uses a systematic review and meta-analysis with PICO, population: adolescents. Intervention: having smoking friends. Comparison: has no smoking friends. Outcome: smoking habit. The articles used were obtained from several databases, namely Google Scholar, Pubmed, SpingerLink and Science Direct from 2014 to 2020. The search keywords for the article were “smoking behavior OR “smoking activity” AND “adolescent” AND “friend smoking status”. The inclusion criteria for research articles were full-text articles using a cross-sectional study design. The subjects of the study were adolescents and the results of the study were smoking habits. Multivariate analysis with Adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) to measure the estimated effect. Data were analyzed using the Review Manager application (RevMan 5.3).Results: A total of 9 articles with a total sample of 101,436 people, articles from Bangladesh, Sweden, Malaysia, Korea, Taiwan, Ethiopia, USA, Indonesia, and India, with selected cross-sectional studies for this systematic review and meta-analysis, Adolescents who have smoking friends are at risk of having smoking habits 13.74 times compared to adolescents who do not have smoking friends (OR= 13.74; 95% CI= 5.13 to 36.78; p< 0.001).Conclusion: Having smoking friends can increase the risk of smoking in adolescents.Keywords: peer, smoking, adolescents, behaviorCorrespondence:Asri Wahyu Azzahro. Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. Jl. Garuda Mas, Kampus 4 UMS, Gonilan, Kartasura, Surakarta 57102, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: asriwahyu­[email protected]. Mobile: 081328543318.Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2022), 07(02): 152-160DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2021.07.02.0

The Intention of Healthy Behavior during the COVID-19 Pandemic among Community Members in Indonesia: Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior

Background: The Coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a health emergency that has caused a humanitarian crisis in most countries worldwide. The steps to prevent and protect Indonesian community members from COVID-19 are by implementing “Gerakan Masyarakat Hidup Sehat“ or GERMAS (Healthy Living Community Movement). This study aimed to analyse the relationships between atti­tude, subjective norm, perceived control behavior, and intention to prevent COVID-19 transmission.Subjects and Method: This study used a cross-sectional design with convenient sampling. Data collection was conducted by an online survey and distributed by personal WhatsApp or WhatsApp groups between June 30-July 20, 2020. A total of 1,611 subjcts from 34 provinces in Indonesia were selected using consecutive sampling. The dependent variable was the intention to perform behavior that consist of bringing cutlery to work; smoking; exercising; consume vegetables, fruit and dring 8 glasses; cover the mouth when coughing; using a mask; using hand sanitizer; and washing hands with soap. The independent variable was perceived control, subjective norm, and attitude. The data analyzed using chi-square test.Results: Negative attitude (OR= 1.58; 95% CI= 1.16 to 2.20; p= 0.004), negative norms (OR= 2.28; 95% CI= 1.86 to 2.79; p<0.001), and perceived control is not supportive (OR= 2.08; 95% CI= 1.19 to 3.66) associated with perform healthy behavior among community members in Indonesia.Conclusion: Negative attitude, negative norms, and perceived control is not supportive were associated with perform healthy behavior and are statistically significant.Keywords: healthy behavior, intention, COVID-19, community, theory of planned behavior.Correspondence:Heni Trisnowati. Study Program of Public Health, Faculty of Health Science, Universitas Respati Yogyakarta (UNRIYO). JL. Raya Tajem KM 1.5 Maguwoharjo, Depok, Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indo­nesia 55282. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +628176362938.Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2022), 07(04): 341-355DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2022.07.04.0

Meta Analysis: Application of Health Belief Model Theory on COVID-19 Acceptance in General Population

Background: The COVID-19 vaccine is an effective strategy to prevent viral infection during global pandemic. Health belief model has been recommended to explain the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination behavior in the community. This study aimed to estimate the perceived suscep­tibility to COVID-19 and the perceived benefit in receiving the COVID-19 vaccine.Subjects and Method: This study used a systematic review study design and a meta-analysis using PICO, Population: Society, Intervention: Perceptions of high susceptibility to COVID-19 and high perceptions of benefits about the COVID-19 vaccine. Comparison: Low perceived suscep­tibility to COVID-19 and low perceived benefit of COVID-19 vaccine, Outcome: Acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine. The articles used in this study came from 4 databases, namely Pubmed, Sciencedirect, SpringerLink and Google Scholar. The keywords used in the article search were as follows “Health Belief Model” OR “HBM” AND “Acceptance” OR “Receive” AND “COVID-19 Vaccine” AND “General Population”. The articles included in this study were full paper articles, cross sectional study designs, in 2020-2022 and the size of the relationship of Adj Odds Ratio (aOR).Results: A total of 9 cross-sectional studies with 12,713 people from 3 continents, namely America (United States), Asia (Bangladesh, China, Hong Kong, Lebanon, and Saudi Arabia) and Europe (Russia) were obtained. From data processing, it was found that a high perceived susceptibility to COVID-19 increased acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination by 1.33 times compared to a low perceived susceptibility and this result was statistically significant (aOR= 1.33; 95% CI= 1.08 to 1.65; p= 0.008) . A high perceived benefit increased acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination by 3.28 times compared to a low perceived benefit and this result was statistically significant (aOR= 3.28; CI 95%= 1.87 to 5.74; p< 0.001).Conclusion: Perceived susceptibility and perceived benefit increase the likelihood of acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccination in the community. Keywords: Health Belief Model, perceived susceptibility, perceived benefit, COVID-19 vaccination.Correspondence:Resta Dwi Yuliani. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6285­731288002Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2022), 07(03): 225-237DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2022.07.03.0

The Relationship of Anemia in Pregnant Women and the Incidence of Premature Delivery: Systematic Review

Background: Anemia causes serious complications for the mother in pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period and can result in the birth of a premature baby. Pregnant women with anemia are known to be more at risk of having preterm labor. In Indonesia in 2018 the prevalence of anemia in pregnant women increased to 48.9% compared to 2013 with a prevalence of 37.1%. This study aims to determine the relationship between anemia in pregnant women and the incidence of preterm labor in Indonesia.Subjects and Method: This study uses a systematic review conducted by searching for articles from several databases, namely Neliti and Garuda with a search range from 2017-2020. Article search is based on PICO. P= Pregnant women. I= Supplementation to prevent anemia. C= anemia status. O= The incidence of premature birth. The keywords used to search for articles were “anemia” OR “pregnant women” AND “preterm birth” OR “preterm”. The articles included in this study are full-text articles with a randomized controlled trial study design. Articles were collected using the PRISMA flow chart.Results: There are 6 articles included in this review. The results showed that there was a relationship between anemic pregnant women and premature birth, and the risk was 79.286 times greater for preterm delivery. Effective interventions that can be given in preventing the birth of premature babies in pregnant women are Antenatal Care (ANC) visits, taking 60 mg Fe tablets/day during pregnancy and maintaining diet as well as nutritional intake.Conclusion: There is a relationship between anemic pregnant women and premature birth.Keywords: anemia, premature birth, pregnant women.Correspondence:Arini Banowati Azalia Adnin. Universitas Airlangga. Kemang Pratama 3 Jalan Lantana 1 Blok D1 No12, Bekasi. Email: [email protected]. Mobile +6287877307124.Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior, (2022), 07(01): 67-76DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2021.07.01.0

Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Physical Exercise on Decrease Blood Sugar Levels in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a major health problem worldwide, the number of sufferers is expected to increase rapidly every year. Handling to achieve controlled sugar levels requires the integration of drugs, diet and physical exercise. This study aimed to analyze the effect of physical exercise on reducing blood sugar levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Subjects and Method: This study uses the PRISMA flowchart to perform the meta-analysis. The article review process took place between 2017 and 2022 with PICO as follows, Population: type-2 diabetes mellitus sufferers. Intervention: physical exercise. Comparison: not doing physical exercise. Outcome: decrease in blood sugar levels, articles collected using databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct. The articles obtained will be filtered using the stages according to the PRISMA flow diagram. The analysis was carried out using RevMan 5.3.Results: A total of 9 articles reviewed in the meta-analysis showed that physical exercise reduced blood sugar levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with statistical significance (SMD= -0.44; 95% CI= -0.84 to -0.05; p= 0.030).Conclusion: Physical exercise lowers blood sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus..Keywords: physical exercise, diabetes mellitus type 2, decrease in blood sugar levels.Correspondence:Tri Nyantosani Widyawardani. District Health Office of Klaten, Central Java. Jl. Pemuda Nomor 313, Mlinjon, Tonggalan, Central Klaten, Central Java, 5741. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +62811284836.Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2022), 07(02): 119-131DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2021.07.02.0

Meta-Analysis: Smoking and Proverty as Risk Factors of Tuberculosis Multidrug Resistance

Background: The financing burden for tuberculosis treatment is increasing along with the increasing number of cases of Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB). The main problems that arise in MDR-TB patients are difficult and expensive treatment, high mortality rates and the potential to transmit resistant bacilli to others. The purpose of the study was to estimate the magnitude of the influence of smoking behavior and poverty on the incidence of MDR-TB.Subjects and Method: This was a meta-analysis with PICO, population: active patients on TB treatment. Intervention: Smoking behavior and poverty. Comparison: not smoking and not poor. Result: MDR TB. The articles used in this study were obtained from three databases, namely Google Scholar, Pubmed, and Science Direct. Keywords to search for articles are “poverty” OR “smoking” AND “multidrug resistant tuberculosis”. Articles included are full-text English from 2012 to 2022. Articles were selected using a PRISMA flow diagram. Articles were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 application. Results: A total of 12 articles came from the continents of Asia (China India, Indonesia), Africa (Sudan, Ethiopia, Tanzania), North America (Georgia), and South America (Peru). The results of this meta-analysis showed that smoking increased the risk of MDR TB 1.94 times compared to those who did not smoke (aOR = 1.94; 95% CI = 1.64 to 2.30; p = 0.005), and poverty increased the risk of MDR TB 1.85 times compared to those who did not. not in poverty (aOR= 1.85; 95% CI= 1.35 to 2.53; p= 0.004), and both results were statistically significant.Conclusion: Smoking behavior and poverty increase the risk of MDR TB.Keywords: smoking behavior, poverty, MDR TB.Correspondence:Bibit Irawan. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +629311­1570225.Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2022), 07(04): 284-298DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2022.07.04.0