20 research outputs found

    Software assembly and open standards for driving simulation

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    International audienceDriving simulation systems involve a combination of different computation codes. Although some of these modules are application-specific, their majority is reusable and state-of-the-art implementations are readily available in the open source community. This study investigates whether these open source libraries can combine to build a driving simulation application with reasonable performance. To this end, a component-oriented architecture is proposed, in which modules encapsulate relevant libraries behind a standard interface and exchange simulation data through a message passing interface. By integrating a render engine, a physics library and a simple vehicle dynamics model, we were able to rapidly build a functional minimal simulation application supporting distributed execution over a cluster of computers. As this architecture allows the transparent modification of module code and simplifies the addition of new modules, this kernel represents the foundations of an extensible and reconfigurable open source system dedicated to driving simulation. Details on this kernel application and ongoing development of this platform can found at http://open-s.sourceforge.net.Les logiciels de simulation de conduite reposent sur une combinaison de diffĂ©rents codes de calculs. Bien qu’une partie de ces modules soit extrĂȘmement dĂ©pendante d’un usage particulier, leur majoritĂ© est rĂ©utilisable et certaines implĂ©mentations de pointe sont disponibles dans la communautĂ© du logiciel libre. Cette Ă©tude vise Ă  dĂ©terminer s’il est possible de combiner ces bibliothĂšques libres afin de construire une application de simulation de conduite atteignant de raisonnables performances. A cette fin, nous proposons une architecture orientĂ©e composant, selon laquelle ces bibliothĂšques sont encapsulĂ©es dans des modules s’échangeant des donnĂ©es relatives Ă  la simulation au travers d’une interface d’échange de messages. En intĂ©grant Ă  cette architecture un moteur graphique, une bibliothĂšque de simulation de physique et un simple modĂšle de dynamique de vĂ©hicule, nous avons pu rapidement mettre en place une application de simulation minimale, pouvant s’exĂ©cuter de maniĂšre distribuĂ©e sur un cluster d’ordinateurs. Cette architecture permettant de modifier le code d’un module de maniĂšre transparente et simplifiant l’ajout de nouveaux modules, ce noyau constitue la base d’un logiciel libre extensible et polymorphique dĂ©diĂ© Ă  la simulation de conduite dont les dĂ©tails peuvent ĂȘtre consultĂ©s sur le site : http://open-s.sourceforge.net

    Software assembly and open standards for driving simulation

    Get PDF
    Driving simulation systems involve a combination of different computation codes. Although some of these modules are application-specific, their majority is reusable and state-of-the-art implementations are readily available in the open source community. This study investigates whether these open source libraries can combine to build a driving simulation application with reasonable performance. To this end, a component-oriented architecture is proposed, in which modules encapsulate relevant libraries behind a standard interface and exchange simulation data through a message passing interface. By integrating a render engine, a physics library and a simple vehicle dynamics model, we were able to rapidly build a functional minimal simulation application supporting distributed execution over a cluster of computers. As this architecture allows the transparent modification of module code and simplifies the addition of new modules, this kernel represents the foundations of an extensible and reconfigurable open source system dedicated to driving simulation. Details on this kernel application and ongoing development of this platform can found at http://open-s.sourceforge.net.Les logiciels de simulation de conduite reposent sur une combinaison de diffĂ©rents codes de calculs. Bien qu’une partie de ces modules soit extrĂȘmement dĂ©pendante d’un usage particulier, leur majoritĂ© est rĂ©utilisable et certaines implĂ©mentations de pointe sont disponibles dans la communautĂ© du logiciel libre. Cette Ă©tude vise Ă  dĂ©terminer s’il est possible de combiner ces bibliothĂšques libres afin de construire une application de simulation de conduite atteignant de raisonnables performances. A cette fin, nous proposons une architecture orientĂ©e composant, selon laquelle ces bibliothĂšques sont encapsulĂ©es dans des modules s’échangeant des donnĂ©es relatives Ă  la simulation au travers d’une interface d’échange de messages. En intĂ©grant Ă  cette architecture un moteur graphique, une bibliothĂšque de simulation de physique et un simple modĂšle de dynamique de vĂ©hicule, nous avons pu rapidement mettre en place une application de simulation minimale, pouvant s’exĂ©cuter de maniĂšre distribuĂ©e sur un cluster d’ordinateurs. Cette architecture permettant de modifier le code d’un module de maniĂšre transparente et simplifiant l’ajout de nouveaux modules, ce noyau constitue la base d’un logiciel libre extensible et polymorphique dĂ©diĂ© Ă  la simulation de conduite dont les dĂ©tails peuvent ĂȘtre consultĂ©s sur le site : http://open-s.sourceforge.net

    Priority use cases for antibody-detecting assays of recent malaria exposure as tools to achieve and sustain malaria elimination

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    Measurement of malaria specific antibody responses represents a practical and informative method for malaria control programs to assess recent exposure to infection. Technical advances in recombinant antigen production, serological screening platforms, and analytical methods have enabled the identification of several target antigens for laboratory based and point-of-contact tests. Questions remain as to how these serological assays can best be integrated into malaria surveillance activities to inform programmatic decision-making. This report synthesizes discussions from a convening at Institut Pasteur in Paris in June 2017 aimed at defining practical and informative use cases for serology applications and highlights five programmatic uses for serological assays including: documenting the absence of transmission; stratification of transmission; measuring the effect of interventions; informing a decentralized immediate response; and testing and treating P. vivax hypnozoite carriers

    Natalizumab treatment shows low cumulative probabilities of confirmed disability worsening to EDSS milestones in the long-term setting.

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    Abstract Background Though the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) is commonly used to assess disability level in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), the criteria defining disability progression are used for patients with a wide range of baseline levels of disability in relatively short-term trials. As a result, not all EDSS changes carry the same weight in terms of future disability, and treatment benefits such as decreased risk of reaching particular disability milestones may not be reliably captured. The objectives of this analysis are to assess the probability of confirmed disability worsening to specific EDSS milestones (i.e., EDSS scores ≄3.0, ≄4.0, or ≄6.0) at 288 weeks in the Tysabri Observational Program (TOP) and to examine the impact of relapses occurring during natalizumab therapy in TOP patients who had received natalizumab for ≄24 months. Methods TOP is an ongoing, open-label, observational, prospective study of patients with RRMS in clinical practice. Enrolled patients were naive to natalizumab at treatment initiation or had received ≀3 doses at the time of enrollment. Intravenous natalizumab (300 mg) infusions were given every 4 weeks, and the EDSS was assessed at baseline and every 24 weeks during treatment. Results Of the 4161 patients enrolled in TOP with follow-up of at least 24 months, 3253 patients with available baseline EDSS scores had continued natalizumab treatment and 908 had discontinued (5.4% due to a reported lack of efficacy and 16.4% for other reasons) at the 24-month time point. Those who discontinued due to lack of efficacy had higher baseline EDSS scores (median 4.5 vs. 3.5), higher on-treatment relapse rates (0.82 vs. 0.23), and higher cumulative probabilities of EDSS worsening (16% vs. 9%) at 24 months than those completing therapy. Among 24-month completers, after approximately 5.5 years of natalizumab treatment, the cumulative probabilities of confirmed EDSS worsening by 1.0 and 2.0 points were 18.5% and 7.9%, respectively (24-week confirmation), and 13.5% and 5.3%, respectively (48-week confirmation). The risks of 24- and 48-week confirmed EDSS worsening were significantly higher in patients with on-treatment relapses than in those without relapses. An analysis of time to specific EDSS milestones showed that the probabilities of 48-week confirmed transition from EDSS scores of 0.0–2.0 to ≄3.0, 2.0–3.0 to ≄4.0, and 4.0–5.0 to ≄6.0 at week 288 in TOP were 11.1%, 11.8%, and 9.5%, respectively, with lower probabilities observed among patients without on-treatment relapses (8.1%, 8.4%, and 5.7%, respectively). Conclusions In TOP patients with a median (range) baseline EDSS score of 3.5 (0.0–9.5) who completed 24 months of natalizumab treatment, the rate of 48-week confirmed disability worsening events was below 15%; after approximately 5.5 years of natalizumab treatment, 86.5% and 94.7% of patients did not have EDSS score increases of ≄1.0 or ≄2.0 points, respectively. The presence of relapses was associated with higher rates of overall disability worsening. These results were confirmed by assessing transition to EDSS milestones. Lower rates of overall 48-week confirmed EDSS worsening and of transitioning from EDSS score 4.0–5.0 to ≄6.0 in the absence of relapses suggest that relapses remain a significant driver of disability worsening and that on-treatment relapses in natalizumab-treated patients are of prognostic importance

    CELL TYPE-SPECIFIC MUTANT HUNTINGTIN RNA SILENCING AND DNA EDITING AS THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES FOR HUNTINGTON'S DISEASE

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    Approches de

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    La maladie de Huntington est une maladie neurodĂ©gĂ©nĂ©rative rare causĂ©e par une expansion pathologique de triplets CAG sur le premier exon du gĂšne codant pour la huntingtine (HTT). La formation d’agrĂ©gats de HTT ainsi qu’une modification pathologique de la fonction de la protĂ©ine, sont Ă  l’origine de symptĂŽmes moteurs, cognitifs et psychiatriques causant la mort du patient en 15 Ă  20 ans. Il n’existe actuellement aucun traitement de la maladie de Huntington. Des Ă©tudes expĂ©rimentales de stratĂ©gies mĂ©dicamenteuses, cellulaires et gĂ©niques sont en dĂ©veloppement ou en essai clinique. Parmi celles-ci, les approches basĂ©es sur le blocage de l’expression de la HTT mutĂ©e par des petites sĂ©quences d’acides nuclĂ©iques non codants montrent d’importants bĂ©nĂ©fices thĂ©rapeutiques dans des modĂšles expĂ©rimentaux de la maladie

    Traitement chirurgical par ostéosynthÚse par plaque verrouillée des fractures malléolaires latérales (résultats préliminaires d'une étude rétrospective de 25 cas)

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    Les fractures de la pince mallĂ©olaire font parties des fractures les plus frĂ©quentes. Quand l'indication chirurgicale est posĂ©e, elles nĂ©cessitent le plus souvent une rĂ©duction anatomique Ă  foyer ouvert avec ostĂ©osynthĂšse de la mallĂ©ole latĂ©rale Ă  l'aide d'une plaque standard type 1/3 de tube. Depuis quelques annĂ©es est apparu le concept de plaque verrouillĂ©e et certains ont Ă©largi les indications aux fractures mallĂ©olaires latĂ©rales notamment celles du sujet ĂągĂ©. Ce travail a pour but d'Ă©valuer les rĂ©sultats cliniques Ă  moyen terme et les Ă©ventuelles complications liĂ©es Ă  l'utilisation des plaques verrouillĂ©es dans l'ostĂ©osynthĂšse des fractures mallĂ©olaires latĂ©rales. Il s'agissait d'une sĂ©rie rĂ©trospective bi-opĂ©rateurs de 25 patients ayant bĂ©nĂ©ficiĂ© d'une ostĂ©osynthĂšse par plaque verrouillĂ©e pour toute fracture mallĂ©olaire latĂ©rale et revus avec un recul moyen de 20 mois. Les patients ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©s cliniquement et sur le score fonctionnel de Olerud et Molander. Parmi les 25 patients, il n'a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©plorĂ© que 2 complications infectieuses, une profonde et une superficielle, la gĂȘne causĂ©e par le matĂ©riel s'avĂ©rant la principale plainte des patients. Les rĂ©sultats cliniques Ă©taient relativement bons, notamment chez les patients ayant pu bĂ©nĂ©ficier d'une rĂ©Ă©ducation prĂ©coce Ă  4 semaines, avec un score moyen de Olerud et Molander de 79,8 pour une moyenne d'Ăąge de 59 ans. MalgrĂ© un rapport cout-efficacitĂ© qui parait ĂȘtre en leurs dĂ©faveurs, les plaques verrouillĂ©es semblent dĂ©sormais faire parties de l'arsenal thĂ©rapeutique des fractures mallĂ©olaires latĂ©rales notamment chez le sujet ostĂ©oporotique sans Ă©tat cutanĂ© prĂ©caire mais cela est Ă  confirmer par des Ă©tudes comparatives Ă  plus grande Ă©chelle.POITIERS-BU MĂ©decine pharmacie (861942103) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals developmental heterogeneity among Plasmodium berghei sporozoites

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    International audienceIn the malaria-causing parasite's life cycle, Plasmodium sporozoites must travel from the midgut of a mosquito to the salivary glands before they can infect a mammalian host. However, only a fraction of sporozoites complete the journey. Since salivary gland invasion is required for transmission of sporozoites, insights at the molecular level can contribute to strategies for malaria prevention. Recent advances in single-cell RNA sequencing provide an opportunity to assess sporozoite heterogeneity at a resolution unattainable by bulk RNA sequencing methods. In this study, we use a droplet-based single-cell RNA sequencing workflow to analyze the transcriptomes of over 8000 Plasmodium berghei sporozoites derived from the midguts and salivary glands of Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. The detection of known marker genes confirms the successful capture and sequencing of samples composed of a mixed population of sporozoites. Using data integration, clustering, and trajectory analyses, we reveal differences in gene expression profiles of individual sporozoites, and identify both annotated and unannotated markers associated with sporozoite development. Our work highlights the utility of a high-throughput workflow for the transcriptomic profiling of Plasmodium sporozoites, and provides new insights into gene usage during the parasite's development in the mosquito
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