Câncer e Estatística: Mortalidade Por Câncer nas Capitais Brasileiras no Decurso de 1942 a 1952; Mortalidade Por Câncer no Distrito Federal Por Grupos de Idade, Sexo e Côr no Quinquênio 1948-1952

Trabalho apresentado ao 6° Congresso Internacional realizado em São Paulo em julho de 1954, sobre estatísticas de mortalidade por câncer nas capitais brasileiras e no Distrito Federal

Evaluating the real changes of air quality due to clean air actions using a machine learning technique:results from 12 Chinese mega-cities during 2013–2020

China has implemented two national clean air actions in 2013–2017 and 2018–2020, respectively, with the aim of reducing primary emissions and hence improving air quality at a national level. It is important to examine the effectiveness of such emission reductions and assess the resulting changes in air quality. However, such evaluation is difficult as meteorological factors can amplify, or obscure the changes of air pollutants, in addition to the emission reduction. In this study, we applied the random forest machine learning technique to decouple meteorological influences from emissions changes, and examined the deweathered trends of air pollutants in 12 Chinese mega-cities during 2013–2020. The observed concentrations of all criteria pollutants except O3 showed significant declines from 2013 to 2020, with PM2.5 annual decline rates of 6–9% in most cities. In contrast, O3 concentrations increased with annual growth rates of 1–9%. Compared with the observed results, all the pollutants showed smoothed but similar variation in trend and annual rate-of-change after weather normalization. The response of O3 to NO2 concentrations indicated significant regional differences in photochemical regimes, and the differences between observed and deweathered results provided implications for volatile organic compound emission reductions in O3 pollution mitigation. We further evaluated the effectiveness of first and second clean air actions by removing the meteorological influence. We found that the meteorology can make negative or positive contribution in reducing pollutant concentrations from emission reduction, depending on type of pollutants, locations, and time period. Among the 12 mega-cities, only Beijing showed a positive meteorological contribution in amplifying reductions in main pollutants except O3 during both clean air action periods. Considering the large and variable impact of meteorological effects in changing air quality, we suggest that similar deweathered analysis is needed as a routine policy evaluation tool on a regional basis

Joint power loading of data and pilots in OFDM using imperfect channel state information at the transmitter

Abstract- The search for optimality in the design of channel precoders and training symbols in block processing communication systems is one of paramount importance. Finding the best tradeoff in terms of power distribution between information and pilot symbols for frequency selective channels, when channel estimation via feedback is available, however, has not been fully addressed. In this paper, we solve the problem of finding the optimal power distribution between pilots and data symbols in the mean-square-error (MSE) sense when a delayless error-free channel feedback path is available to the transmitter. The novel approach adaptively designs the optimal precoders and training vectors based on the frequency domain estimates of the channel

The choroid plexus as a sex hormone target: Functional implications

The choroid plexuses (CPs) are highly vascularized branched structures that protrude into the ventricles of the brain, and form a unique interface between the blood and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In recent years, novel functions have been attributed to this tissue such as in immune and chemical surveillance of the central nervous system, brain development, adult neurogenesis and circadian rhythm regulation. Sex hormones (SH) are widely recognized as modulators in several neurodegenerative diseases, and there is evidence that estrogens and androgens regulate several fundamental biological functions in the CPs. Therefore, SH are likely to affect the composition of the CSF impacting on brain homeostasis. This review will look at implications of the CPs' sex-related specificities.Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal – http://www.fct.pt) project grants (PTDC/SAU-NEU/114800/2009); and by FEDER funds through the POCI – COMPETE 2020 – Operational Programme Competitiveness and Internationalisation in Axis I – Strengthening research, technological development and innovation (Project No. 007491) and National Funds by FCT – Foundation for Science and Technology (Project UID/Multi/00709). Joana Tomás was supported by a grant from CENTRO-07-ST24-FEDER-002015. Telma Quintela is a recipient of a FCT fellowship (SFRH/BPD/70781/2010). The work at ICVS/3B’s has the support of Portuguese North Regional Operational Program (ON.2 – O Novo Norte) under the National Strategic Reference Framework (QREN), through the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER). Fernanda Marques is a recipient of a FCT Investigator award (IF/00231/2013) of the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Influência do número de gemas na microenxertia in vitro de pinha sobre porta-enxertos de araticum-do-brejo (Annona glabra L.)

A grande diversidade da flora brasileira, sobretudo de suas espécies frutíferas, tem sido negligenciada pela pesquisa científica no Brasil. Mesmo com todo potencial comercial e bioquímico que tais fruteiras apresentam, ainda não há estudos suficientes que possam indicar aos produtores os melhores materiais. Além disso, poucos também são os estudos sobre o manejo agrícola que aumente a produção e melhore a qualidade dos frutos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo fixar, através da microenxertia e enxertia precoce genótipos de pinha (Annona squamosa L.) sobre porta-enxertos de araticum-do-brejo (Annona glabra L.). O experimento foi conduzido no Centro de Ciências Agrárias, da UFAL onde os enxertos de pinha sobre os porta enxertos de Araticum-do-brejo receberam os seguintes tratamentos: 1 gema apical + 2 laterais (T1), 2 gemas laterais (T2), 1 gema lateral (T3). Após 30 dias, o T2 apresentou a maior porcentagem de cicatrização (93,33%).  Para a variável presença de brotação, o T1 e T3 apresentaram as porcentagens de 20,00% e 33,33% respectivamente. Aos 60 dias, o T2 apresentou o melhor resultado em relação a presença de brotação, com 66,67%. Conclui-se que o tratamento com 2 gemas laterais (T2) é o recomendado para microenxertia in vitro nas espécies testadas

Estabilidade de ácido ascórbico e antocianinas em néctar de camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia (H. B. K.) McVaugh)

Camu-camu is a fruit with a remarkable nutritional potential due to its high ascorbic acid content. Hence, the aim of the present study is to evaluate the stability of ascorbic acid and pigments present in camu-camu nectar stored under different light and temperature conditions. Fruits were depulped and assessed as to their physico-chemical characteristics. Nectar obtained from the pulp was placed in plastic bottles and stored at room temperature and refrigerated, with and without light, and were assessed for 120 days as to stability of the ascorbic acid and anthocyanins. The ascorbic acid content in nectar stored under light did not differ statistically from that protected from it. It was found that this vitamin in nectar stored for 120 days at a chilled temperature presented good stability. Concerning the anthocyanins, room temperature contributed negatively bringing about a more accelerated degradation, yet, exposure to light had no effect. According to trial conditions used in the present study, it was concluded that the light factor had little influence on the ascorbic acid and anthocyanins in the camu-camu nectar and that the temperature of storing it in the open shows it had a negative factor on the stability of these pigments

El comportamiento de la lactatemia y frecuencia cardiaca durante esfuerzos con intensidades de competencias en la carrera a pie de los triatletas de la Selección Nacional de Cuba / The behavior of lactatemia and heart rate during efforts with intensities

Las exigencias competitivas en el deporte de alto rendimiento se incrementan como resultado de la imposición constante de nuevos récords, el aprovechamiento de la ciencia y la tecnología será unos de los factores protagonistas de este proceso. Al respecto se impone utilizar medios, métodos y procedimientos más efectivos para superar los niveles de rendimiento. La investigación contó con un diseño preexperimento de control mínimo para un solo grupo con pretest - postest de naturaleza cuantitativa y cualitativa. Se trabajó con una muestra de 6 triatletas con un promedio de edad de 23 años, con más de 7 años de experiencia que representan el 100 % de la población de la Pre Selección Nacional de Cuba. Se aplicó un sistema de test con cargas incrementales que permite conocer el comportamiento de los niveles de lactato y frecuencia cardiaca en la carrera de los triatletas de la selección nacional de Cuba para su mejor desempeño en la preparación competitiva. Se utilizaron métodos del nivel teórico, empírico y estadístico los cuales posibilitaron constatar su veracidad durante todo el proceso de investigación. Existió una mejora significativa en la tolerancia al lactato en los triatletas, por lo que existió un incremento en el rendimiento de la carrera corroborado por los resultados en los Juegos Centroamericanos y del Caribe Veracruz 2014. Abstract  The competitive demands in high performance sport are increased as a result of the constant imposition of new records, the use of science and technology will be one of the main factors of this process. In this regard, it is necessary to use more effective means, methods and procedures to overcome performance levels. The research had a minimum control preexperiment design for a single group with pretest - posttest of quantitative and qualitative nature. We worked with a sample of 6 triathletes with an average age of 23 years, with more than 7 years of experience that represented 100% of the population of the Pre National Selection of Cuba. We applied a test system with incremental loads that allows us to know the behavior of lactate levels and heart rate in the triathletes of the national team of Cuba for their best performance in competitive preparation. Methods of the theoretical, empirical and statistical level were used, which made it possible to verify their veracity throughout the research process. There was a significant improvement in lactation tolerance in the triathletes, so there was an increase in the performance of the race corroborated by the results in the Central American and Caribbean Games Veracruz 2014

GM-CSF regulates intimal cell proliferation in nascent atherosclerotic lesions

The contribution of intimal cell proliferation to the formation of early atherosclerotic lesions is poorly understood. We combined 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine pulse labeling with sensitive en face immunoconfocal microscopy analysis, and quantified intimal cell proliferation and Ly-6Chigh monocyte recruitment in low density lipoprotein receptor–null mice. Cell proliferation begins in nascent lesions preferentially at their periphery, and proliferating cells accumulate in lesions over time. Although intimal cell proliferation increases in parallel to monocyte recruitment as lesions grow, proliferation continues when monocyte recruitment is inhibited. The majority of proliferating intimal cells are dendritic cells expressing CD11c and major histocompatibility complex class II and 33D1, but not CD11b. Systemic injection of granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) markedly increased cell proliferation in early lesions, whereas function-blocking anti–GM-CSF antibody inhibited proliferation. These findings establish GM-CSF as a key regulator of intimal cell proliferation in lesions, and demonstrate that both proliferation and monocyte recruitment contribute to the inception of atherosclerosis