Neutrino-induced reactions in core-collapse supernovae: Effects on the electron fraction

Neutrino-induced reactions are a basic ingredient in astrophysical processes like star evolution. The existence of neutrino oscillations affects the rate of nuclear electroweak decays which participates in the chain of events that determines the fate of the star. Among the processes of interest, the production of heavy elements in core-collapse supernovae is strongly dependent upon neutrino properties, like the mixing between different species of neutrinos. In this work, we study the effects of neutrino oscillations upon the electron fraction as a function of the neutrino mixing parameters, for two schemes: the 1+1-scheme (one active neutrino and one sterile neutrino) and the 2+1-scheme (two active neutrinos and one sterile neutrino). We have performed this analysis considering a core-collapse supernovae and determined the physical conditions needed to activate the nuclear reaction chains involved in the r-process. We found that the interactions of the neutrinos with matter and among themselves and the initial amount of sterile neutrinos in the neutrino-sphere might change the electron fraction, therefore affecting the onset of the r-process. We have set constrains on the active-sterile neutrino mixing parameters. They are the square-mass-difference ∆m^2_14 , the mixing angle sin^2(2θ_14), and the hindrance factor Xi_s for the occupation of sterile neutrinos. The calculations have been performed for different values of X_alpha, which is the fraction of alpha particles. For X_alpha=0 the r-process is taking place if ∆m^2_14 ≥ 2 eV^2 , sin^2(2θ_14) < 0.8 and Xi_s < 0.5. For larger values of X_alpha the region of parameters is strongly reduced. The present results are compared to results available in the literature.Fil: Saez, M. M.. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas; ArgentinaFil: Civitarese, Enrique Osvaldo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Física; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Física La Plata. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Física La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Mosquera, Mercedes Elisa. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Neutrino-induced reactions in core-collapse supernovae : Effects on the electron fraction

Neutrino-induced reactions are a basic ingredient in astrophysical processes like star evolution. The existence of neutrino oscillations affects the rate of nuclear electroweak decays which participates in the chain of events that determines the fate of the star. Among the processes of interest, the production of heavy elements in core-collapse supernovae is strongly dependent upon neutrino properties, like the mixing between different species of neutrinos. In this work, we study the effects of neutrino oscillations upon the electron fraction as a function of the neutrino mixing parameters, for two schemes: the 1+1-scheme (one active neutrino and one sterile neutrino) and the 2+1-scheme (two active neutrinos and one sterile neutrino). We have performed this analysis considering a core-collapse supernovae and determined the physical conditions needed to activate the nuclear reaction chains involved in the r-process. We found that the interactions of the neutrinos with matter and among themselves and the initial amount of sterile neutrinos in the neutrino-sphere might change the electron fraction, therefore affecting the onset of the r-process. We have set constrains on the active-sterile neutrino mixing parameters. They are the square-mass-difference Δm142 , the mixing angle sin2214, and the hindrance factor ξs for the occupation of sterile neutrinos. The calculations have been performed for different values of Xα, which is the fraction of alpha particles. For Xα=0 the r-process is taking place if Δm142≥2eV2, sin22140.8 and ξs0.5. For larger values of Xα the region of parameters is strongly reduced. The present results are compared to results available in the literature.Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y GeofísicasFacultad de Ciencias ExactasInstituto de Física La Plat

Enhancement of magnetic relaxation properties with 3d diamagnetic cations in [ZnIILnIII] and [NiIILnIII], LnIII=Kramers lanthanides

Employing the chiral bi-compartmental Schiff-base ligand H2L obtained from the condensation of (RR) or (SS)-1,2-diphenyl-ethylenediamine and o-vanillin, we report the structural characterization of the discrete dinuclear pairs of enantiomers [NiIIEuIII] 1RR, 1SS and [ZnIIEuIII] 2RR, 2SS and the magnetic properties for the series of complexes [NiIILnIII], Ln = Ce, 3RR; Nd, 4RR; Dy, 5RR; Er, 6RR, Yb, 7SS and [ZnIILnIII], Ln = Ce, 8RR; Nd, 9RR; Dy, 10SS; Er, 11SS and Yb, 12RR in which MII is diamagnetic and LnIII is a Kramers lanthanide. Single crystal X-ray diffraction shows that relevant changes in the [ZnIILnIII] structures are produced after a period in open air (2RRb, 2RRc), evidencing that the lability of the ligands bonded to ZnII can modify the structures that will be correlated to the experimental measurements. The dynamic magnetic measurements showed that the [NiIILnIII] and [ZnIILnIII] derivatives exhibit different behaviors in the relaxation of magnetization especially for oblate and prolate LnIII cations

Waste volume estimation tool for optimizing construction and demolition waste management in railway works

The increase of construction and demolition (C&D) waste generation has raised new regulations for C&D waste prevention among the European countries, including the obligation to quantify the C&D waste expected to be generated during construction works. This has led to the development of many research works. However, almost none regarding civil engineering works. Therefore, the aim of this research study is to provide a C&D waste estimation tool for railway works. For this purpose several Spanish railway roads have been analyzed in order to develop an equation to estimate in advance the volume of C&D waste likely to be generated, analyzing the category of C&D waste generated for each of the functional units considered. From the analysis performed it has been proved a relationship between the amount of C&D waste generated and the functional units of railways. In short, the methodology presented can help in assigning an optimal and systematic management of the C&D waste produced and assist the construction agents in developing the waste management plans according to the existing legislation

Elucidation of the Interaction Mechanism between Organic Chiral Cages with Biomolecules through Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Theoretical Studies

[EN] A multinuclear NMR has been carried out to elucidate the mechanism of action of CC3-R box-type chiral materials for the separation of enantiomers, supported by theoretical calculations. The potential of these materials to be used as chiral resolution agents through NMR is evidence in this study.Program Severo Ochoa SEV-2016-0683 is gratefully acknowledged. S.S-F. thanks MEC for his Severo Ochoa Grant SPV-2013-067884, P.O.-B. thanks MEC for his Ramon y Cajal contract RYC-2014-16620. M.B. and F.R. thank the financial support by the Spanish Government (MAT2017-82288-C2-1-P and MAT2015-71842-P). The authors thank the MULTY2-HYCAT (EU-Horizon 2020 funded project under grant agreement no. 720783). The Electron Microscopy Service of the UPV is acknowledged for their help in sample characterization.Saez-Ferre, S.; Boronat Zaragoza, M.; Cantin Sanz, A.; Rey Garcia, F.; Oña-Burgos, P. (2018). Elucidation of the Interaction Mechanism between Organic Chiral Cages with Biomolecules through Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Theoretical Studies. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. 122(29):16821-16829. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b05069S16821168291222

Study of the Genetic Etiology of Primary Ovarian Insufficiency: FMR1 Gene

Menopause is a period of women's life characterized by the cessation of menses in a definitive way. The mean age for menopause is approximately 51 years. Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) refers to ovarian dysfunction defined as irregular menses and elevated gonadotrophin levels before or at the age of 40 years. The etiology of POI is unknown but several genes have been reported as being of significance. The fragile X mental retardation 1 gene (FMR1) is one of the most important genes associated with POI. The FMR1 gene contains a highly polymorphic CGG repeat in the 5 untranslated region of exon 1. Four allelic forms have been defined with respect to CGG repeat length and instability during transmission. Normal (5-44 CGG) alleles are usually transmitted from parent to offspring in a stable manner. The full mutation form consists of over 200 repeats, which induces hypermethylation of the FMR1 gene promoter and the subsequent silencing of the gene, associated with Fragile X Syndrome (FXS). Finally, FMR1 intermediate (45-54 CGG) and premutation (55-200 CGG) alleles have been principally associated with two phenotypes, fragile X tremor ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) and fragile X primary ovarian insufficiency (FXPOI).This work was supported by the Vice-rectorate for Research of the University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain

Expectativas de rol profesional de mujeres estudiantes de carreras típicamente femeninas o masculinas

The presence of women in the labor market and all the aspects involved in their professional development continue being a focus of interest nowadays. On a basis of a 51 women sampie, from which half of them studied the last courses of studies considered traditionally as "feminine" and the other half were students enrolled in studies considered as "typically masculine", a qualitative analysis was carried out, with 19 qualitative interviews and 8 focus groups. The main aim of this study is to develop a comparative discourse analysis of both groups of women, in relation to certain aspects conceming their career choice and their professional and personal projection, together with the comparison with their male peers in the mentioned aspects. The result of the discOl-lrse analysis points out how not only the election of the career, but also the expectancies of future professional and personal development were mediated by the existing stereotypes around the roles women are supposed to play in the environment of work.ResumenLa presencia de las mujeres en el mercado laboral y todos los aspectos que rodean su desarrollo profesional sigue siendo un tema de interés en la actualidad. A partir de una muestra de 51 mujeres, de las cuales la mitad cursaban últimos cursos de carreras tradicionalmente femeninas y la otra mitad últimos cursos de carreras típicamente masculinas, se llevó a cabo un estudio cualitativo, con un total de 19 entrevistas en profundidad y 8 grupos de discusión. La finalidad principal de este trabajo es la de llevar a cabo un análisis comparativo del discurso de las mujeres de ambos grupos, en relación a ciertos aspectos relativos a la elección de su carrera y a su futura proyección profesional y personal, así como la comparación con respecto a sus compañeros varones en dichos aspectos. Los resultados del análisis del discurso señalan cómo, tanto la elección de la carrera, como las expectativas de desarrollo profesional y personal están mediatizados por los estereotipos existentes en tomo al papel que debe desempeñar las mujeres en el ámbito laboral.AbstractThe presence of women in the labor market and all the aspects involved in their professional development continue being a focus of interest nowadays. On a basis of a 51 women sampie, from which half of them studied the last courses of studies considered traditionally as "feminine" and the other half were students enrolled in studies considered as "typically masculine", a qualitative analysis was carried out, with 19 qualitative interviews and 8 focus groups. The main aim of this study is to develop a comparative discourse analysis of both groups of women, in relation to certain aspects conceming their career choice and their professional and personal projection, together with the comparison with their male peers in the mentioned aspects. The result of the discOl-lrse analysis points out how not only the election of the career, but also the expectancies of future professional and personal development were mediated by the existing stereotypes around the roles women are supposed to play in the environment of work

Capacidad predictiva de la inteligencia emocional sobre el apoyo social percibido de adolescentes

Por medio del presente estudio se busca analizar la capacidad predictiva de la inteligencia emocional medida tanto desde el modelo de habilidad (atención, claridad y reparación emocional) como desde un modelo mixto (intrapersonal, interpersonal, manejo del estrés y adaptabilidad). Esto, sobre cada una de las fuentes del apoyo social percibido (familiares, amigos y personas significativas), teniendo en cuenta el sexo y la edad de los adolescentes. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 1030 estudiantes de educación secundaria con edades entre 11 y 19 años residentes en la República Dominicana. Los resultados señalan que la inteligencia emocional predice la percepción del apoyo social en las muestras de ambos sexos, aunque entre las chicas el efecto explicativo es mayor que entre los varones. Se observa también que la capacidad predictiva es mayor en la adolescencia media. Estos datos refuerzan la necesidad de desarrollar la inteligencia emocional.Through this study we seek to analyze the predictive capacity of emotional intelligence measured, both from a model of skills (attention, clarity and emotional repair) and a mixed model (intrapersonal, interpersonal, stress management and adaptability), on each of the sources of perceived social support (family, friends and significant people), according to sex and age. The sample consisted of 1030 secondary school students aged between 11 and 19 years living in the Dominican Republic. The results indicate that emotional intelligence predicts the perception of social support in the samples of both sexes, even though in the female sample the explanatory effect is greater than in the males. It is also observed that the predictive capacity is greater in middle adolescence. These data reinforce the need to develop emotional intelligence

Media education in teacher training at the Universidad de Buenos Aires. A proposal for updating the curriculum

Los cambios en el ecosistema comunicativo demandan a las instituciones de educación superior otras funciones. En este artículo, se presenta una experiencia interdisciplinaria orientada a acercar el capital académico de la universidad pública a la formación docente y a construir conciencia respecto de la necesidad de la educación mediática en la formación inicial. El objetivo es generar un espacio original de difusión e intercambio sobre los nuevos modos de producción y circulación del saber frente a la transformación material y simbólica acaecida con las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación y los efectos que tienen en los procesos de constitución de subjetividad social. Por ello, se está desarrollando un espacio virtual destinado a los diversos actores del sistema educativo, que contenga material pedagógico que apunte a generar procesos reflexivos y prácticas de intervención socio-pedagógica confrontativas con las miradas que obturan la construcción del saber.Changes in the communicative ecosystem demand other functions from higher education institutions. This paper presents an interdisciplinary experience aimed at bringing the academic capital of the public university to teacher training and building awareness of the need for Media Education in initial formation. The objective is to generate an original space for dissemination and exchange on the new modes of production and circulation of knowledge in the face of the material and symbolic transformation occurred with the information and communication technologies and the effects they have on the processes of constitution of social subjectivity. Therefore, a virtual space intended for the various actors of the educational system is being developed, containing educational material that focuses on generating reflective processes and practices of confrontational sociopedagogical intervention with the glances that hinder the construction of knowledge.Fil: Saez, Virginia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofia y Letras. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Palumbo, María Mercedes. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofia y Letras. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Mistrorigo, Verónica Marcela. Universidad de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Richter, Nicolás Carlos. Universidad de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Blardoni, Mariana. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentin

Influence of PPh3 moiety in the anticancer activity of new organometallic ruthenium complexes

The effect of the PPh3 group in the antitumor activity of some new organometallic Ruthenium (II) complexes has been investigated. Several complexes of the type [Ru(II)(Cl)(PPh3)(Lig-N)], [Ru(II)(Cl)2(Lig-N)] (where Lig-N=pyridine derivate) and [Ru(II)(Cl)(PPh3)2], have been synthesized and characterized, and an important increment of the antitumor activity and cytotoxicity of the complexes due to the presence of PPh3 moiety has been demonstrated, affording IC50 values of 5.2 μM in HL-60 tumour cell lines. Atomic Force Microscopy, Circular Dichroism and Electrophoresis experiments have proved that these complexes can bind DNA resulting in a distortion of both secondary and tertiary structures. Ethidium bromide displacement Fluorescence Spectroscopy studies and Viscosity measurements support that the presence of PPh3 group induces intercalation interactions with DNA. Indeed, crystallographic analysis, suggest that intra-molecular π-π interactions could be involved in the intercalation within DNA base pairs. Furthermore, HPLC-MS studies have confirmed a strong interaction between Ruthenium complexes and proteins (Ubiquitin and Potato Carboxypeptidase Inhibitor -PCI-) including slower kinetic due to the presence of PPh3 moiety, which could have an important role in detoxification mechanism and others. Finally, Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry (IMMS) experiments have proved that there is no change in the structural conformation of the proteins owing to their bonding to Ruthenium complexes. This seems particularly important in the case of PCI, that may be a suitable candidate for vehiculizing these complexes in a selective manner into tumour cells. In agreement with these results, further investigations should be carried out to clarify either there is a favoured binding to DNA or to specific proteins, thus to elucidate their main biological target