Editorial: Molecular and cellular aspects of regulatory and subjacent mechanisms in host/ microbiota association and its involvement in cancer

Editorial on the Research Topic: Molecular and cellular aspects of regulatory and subjacent mechanisms in host/microbiota association and its involvement in cancerRegional Ministry of Health and Families (Andalucia, Spain). CSyF 2021-Postdoctoral RPS 24665"Fundacion Ramon Areces," Madrid, Spai

Effect of Probiotics on Host-Microbiota in Bacterial Infections

Diseases caused by bacteria cause millions of deaths every year. In addition, the problem of resistance to antibiotics is so serious that it threatens the achievements of modern medicine. This is a very important global problem as some bacteria can also develop persistence. Indeed, the persistence of pathogenic bacteria has evolved as a potent survival strategy to overcome host organisms’ defense mechanisms. Additionally, chronic or persistent infections may be caused by persisters which could facilitate antibiotic resistance. Probiotics are considered good bacteria. It has been described that the modulation of gut microbiota by probiotics could have a great potential to counteract the deleterious impact and/or regulate gut microbiota after bacterial infection. Probiotics might provide health benefits through the inhibition of pathogen growth or the replacement of pathogenic bacteria. Bearing in mind that current strategies to avoid bacterial persistence and prevent antibiotic resistance are not effective, other strategies need to be assessed. We have carried out a comprehensive review, which included the reported literature between 2016 and 2021, highlighting the clinical trials that reported the probiotics’ potential to regulate gut microbiota after bacterial infection and focusing in particular on the context of antibiotic resistance and persister cells.Regional Ministry of Health and Families (Andalucia, Spain) RPS 2466

From Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease to Liver Cancer: Microbiota and Inflammation as Key Players

It is estimated that 25% of the world’s population has non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. This disease can advance to a more severe form, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a disease with a greater probability of progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). NASH could be characterized as a necro-inflammatory complication of chronic hepatic steatosis. The combination of factors that lead to NASH and its progression to HCC in the setting of inflammation is not clearly understood. The portal vein is the main route of communication between the intestine and the liver. This allows the transfer of products derived from the intestine to the liver and the hepatic response pathway of bile and antibody secretion to the intestine. The intestinal microbiota performs a fundamental role in the regulation of immune function, but it can undergo changes that alter its functionality. These changes can also contribute to cancer by disrupting the immune system and causing chronic inflammation and immune dysfunction, both of which are implicated in cancer development. In this article, we address the link between inflammation, microbiota and HCC.We also review the different in vitro models, as well as recent clinical trials addressing liver cancer and microbiota

Estrés laboral, ansiedad y miedo al COVID-19 en médicos generales colombianos

Introduction: Epidemics can cause anxiety in the general population and health professionals. The pandemic caused by the COVID-19 virus is no exception. This study’s objective is to identify symptoms of work-related stress, anxiety and fear of COVID-19 in physicians, as well as to discover their relation with the territorial body in which they work. Methodology: This is a cross-cutting study that explored the symptoms and perceptions of Colombian physicians forced to quarantine, who exercised their profession in March, 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Having provided informed consent anonymously and voluntarily, participants completed a virtual form with general questions on COVID-19. The survey was aimed at finding psychosomatic problems using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale and Fear of COVID-19 (FCV-19S) scale. Participants were classified as working in non-capital or capital municipalities according to the territorial body in which they practiced. Logistic regression between the territorial body (which was taken as an independent variable here) and symptoms of anxiety, work-related stress and fear of COVID-19 (which, in this case, were taken as dependent variables) was performed. Results: Five hundred and thirty-one general physicians participated, with an average age of 30. Seventy-three point three percent practiced in a capital municipality. One third of the surveyed physicians presented mild work-related stress, while 6% presented high or severe work-related stress, without differences between groups (p < 0.05). Symptoms of anxiety were found in 72.9% of the surveyed physicians, more frequently among those who practiced in capitals (p = 0.044). Thirty-seven point one percent presented symptoms of fear of COVID-19 (FCV-19S). No relation was observed in the logistic regression. Discussion: Psychosocial and psychosomatic factors associated with fear are the common denominators of symptoms of anxiety and work-related stress during pandemics. Conclusion: Seven of every ten participants presented symptoms of anxiety or work-related stress, while four presented symptoms of FCV-19S. No relation was observed with the municipalities in which they worked. Introducción. Las epidemias pueden generar angustia en la población general y en los profesionales de la salud, y la pandemia causada por el virus del COVID-19 no es la excepción. El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar la presencia de síntomas de estrés laboral, ansiedad y miedo al COVID-19 en médicos generales, además de estimar la asociación según el ente territorial donde trabajaban. Metodología. Este es un estudio transversal que exploró síntomas y percepciones durante la pandemia del COVID-19 en médicos generales colombianos sometidos a cuarentena obligatoria que ejercieron su profesión en marzo del 2020. Previo consentimiento informado, anónima y voluntariamente, los participantes diligenciaron un formulario virtual con preguntas generales sobre COVID-19. El cuestionario buscaba encontrar problemas psicosomáticos sirviéndose de la Escala para el Trastorno de Ansiedad Generalizada (GAD-7, por sus siglas en inglés) y el FCV-19S (Fear of COVID-19). Los participantes se clasificaron en Municipio no capital o Municipio capital según el ente territorial en donde laboraban. Regresión logística entre el ente territorial (que acá es tomada como variable independiente) con los síntomas de ansiedad, estrés laboral y miedo al COVID-19 (que en este caso es tomado como variable dependiente). Resultados: Participaron 531 médicos generales con edad promedio de 30 años. El 73.3% laboraban en Municipio capital. Un tercio de los encuestados presentó estrés laboral leve, mientras que el 6% presentó estrés laboral alto o severo, esto sin diferencias entre los grupos (p<0.05). Se identificaron síntomas de ansiedad en el 72.9%, más frecuente entre quienes laboraban en las capitales (p=0.044). El 37.1% presentó síntomas de miedo al COVID-19 (FCV-19S). No se observó asociación en la regresión logística realizada. Discusión: Factores psicosociales y psicosomáticos asociados al miedo son el común denominador de los síntomas de ansiedad y estrés laboral en las pandemias. Conclusión: Siete de cada diez participantes presentó síntomas de ansiedad o estrés laboral, mientras que cuatro presentaron síntomas de FCV-19S. No se observó asociación con la clasificación del municipio donde laboraban

Occupational stress, anxiety and fear of COVID-19 in colombian physicians

Introducción. Las epidemias pueden generar angustia en la población general y en los profesionales de la salud, y la pandemia causada por el virus del COVID-19 no es la excepción. El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar la presencia de síntomas de estrés laboral, ansiedad y miedo al COVID-19 en médicos generales, además de estimar la asociación según el ente territorial donde trabajaban. Metodología. Este es un estudio transversal que exploró síntomas y percepciones durante la pandemia del COVID-19 en médicos generales colombianos sometidos a cuarentena obligatoria que ejercieron su profesión en marzo del 2020. Previo consentimiento informado, anónima y voluntariamente, los participantes diligenciaron un formulario virtual con preguntas generales sobre COVID-19. El cuestionario buscaba encontrar problemas psicosomáticos sirviéndose de la Escala para el Trastorno de Ansiedad Generalizada (GAD-7, por sus siglas en inglés) y el FCV-19S (Fear of COVID-19). Los participantes se clasificaron en Municipio no capital o Municipio capital según el ente territorial en donde laboraban. Regresión logística entre el ente territorial (que acá es tomada como variable independiente) con los síntomas de ansiedad, estrés laboral y miedo al COVID-19 (que en este caso es tomado como variable dependiente). Resultados: Participaron 531 médicos generales con edad promedio de 30 años. El 73.3% laboraban en Municipio capital. Un tercio de los encuestados presentó estrés laboral leve, mientras que el 6% presentó estrés laboral alto o severo, esto sin diferencias entre los grupos (p<0.05). Se identificaron síntomas de ansiedad en el 72.9%, más frecuente entre quienes laboraban en las capitales (p=0.044). El 37.1% presentó síntomas de miedo al COVID-19 (FCV-19S). No se observó asociación en la regresión logística realizada. Discusión: Factores psicosociales y psicosomáticos asociados al miedo son el común denominador de los síntomas de ansiedad y estrés laboral en las pandemias. Conclusión: Siete de cada diez participantes presentó síntomas de ansiedad o estrés laboral, mientras que cuatro presentaron síntomas de FCV-19S. No se observó asociación con la clasificación del municipio donde laboraban.Introduction: Epidemics can cause anxiety in the general population and health professionals. The pandemic caused by the COVID-19 virus is no exception. This study’s objective is to identify symptoms of work-related stress, anxiety and fear of COVID-19 in physicians, as well as to discover their relation with the territorial body in which they work. Methodology: This is a cross-cutting study that explored the symptoms and perceptions of Colombian physicians forced to quarantine, who exercised their profession in March, 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Having provided informed consent anonymously and voluntarily, participants completed a virtual form with general questions on COVID-19. The survey was aimed at finding psychosomatic problems using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale and Fear of COVID-19 (FCV-19S) scale. Participants were classified as working in non-capital or capital municipalities according to the territorial body in which they practiced. Logistic regression between the territorial body (which was taken as an independent variable here) and symptoms of anxiety, work-related stress and fear of COVID-19 (which, in this case, were taken as dependent variables) was performed. Results: Five hundred and thirty-one general physicians participated, with an average age of 30. Seventy-three point three percent practiced in a capital municipality. One third of the surveyed physicians presented mild work-related stress, while 6% presented high or severe work-related stress, without differences between groups (p < 0.05). Symptoms of anxiety were found in 72.9% of the surveyed physicians, more frequently among those who practiced in capitals (p = 0.044). Thirty-seven point one percent presented symptoms of fear of COVID-19 (FCV-19S). No relation was observed in the logistic regression. Discussion: Psychosocial and psychosomatic factors associated with fear are the common denominators of symptoms of anxiety and work-related stress during pandemics. Conclusion: Seven of every ten participants presented symptoms of anxiety or work-related stress, while four presented symptoms of FCV-19S. No relation was observed with the municipalities in which they worked

Size, Age, and Spatial-Temporal Distribution of Shortfin Mako in the Mexican Pacific Ocean

Abstract Basic population parameters such as age, size, and distribution have been poorly evaluated for the Shortfin Mako Isurus oxyrinchus in the Mexican Pacific Ocean. According to data collected by scientific observers on board medium-size fishing vessels during the period of 2006–2013, size as TL was obtained for 5,740 individual sharks. The range of TL was 70–362 cm for females and 71–296 cm for males. Weight (W), measured randomly from 1,409 individuals, ranged from 2 to 90 kg for females and from 2 to 80 kg for males. The weight-to-TL ratio was best fitted by the equation W = 4 × 10−5(TL)2.59 (r2 = 0.6532). No sex-specific difference was found in the weight-to-TL relationship between males and females, nor in W or TL separately. By using the inverse von Bertalanffy equation and parameters described by other authors for the same study area, we determined the age range for individuals captured on the basis of their TL. The age ranged from 0 to 39 years in females and from 0 to 21 years in males. Using a logistic model, the mean length at sexual maturity was obtained for 2,532 males (TL = 190 cm). The quarterly distribution of young of the year and 1-year-old juveniles showed that there is a tendency for these sharks to mov

Association of breast and gut microbiota dysbiosis and the risk of breast cancer: a case-control clinical study

We would like to thank M Luisa Puertas-Martin and Isabel Manzano-Jimenez, nurses at the Unit of Mammary Pathology, General Surgery Service, San Cecilio University Hospital (Granada), without whose enthusiasm the enrolment of participants in Granada would still be stalled. We are indebted to all the women taking part in the study.The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03885648, 03/25/2019. Retrospectively registered.Background Breast cancer ranks first in women, and is the second cause of death in this gender. In addition to genetics, the environment contributes to the development of the disease, although the factors involved are not well known. Among the latter is the influence of microorganisms and, therefore, attention is recently being paid to the mammary microbiota. We hypothesize that the risk of breast cancer could be associated with the composition and functionality of the mammary/gut microbiota, and that exposure to environmental contaminants (endocrine disruptors, EDCs) might contribute to alter these microbiota. Methods We describe a case-control clinical study that will be performed in women between 25 and 70 years of age. Cases will be women diagnosed and surgically intervened of breast cancer (stages I and II). Women with antecedents of cancer or advanced tumor stage (metastasis), or who have received antibiotic treatment within a period of 3 months prior to recruitment, or any neoadjuvant therapy, will be excluded. Controls will be women surgically intervened of breast augmentation or reduction. Women with oncological, gynecological or endocrine history, and those who have received antibiotic treatment within a period of 3 months prior to recruitment will also be excluded. Blood, urine, breast tissue and stool samples will be collected. Data regarding anthropometric, sociodemographic, reproductive history, tumor features and dietary habits will be gathered. Metabolomic studies will be carried out in stool and breast tissue samples. Metagenomic studies will also be performed in stool and breast tissue samples to ascertain the viral, fungal, bacterial and archaea populations of the microbiota. Quantitation of estrogens, estrogen metabolites and EDCs in samples of serum, urine and breast tissue will also be performed. Discussion: This is the first time that the contribution of bacteria, archaea, viruses and fungi together with their alteration by environmental contaminants to the risk of breast cancer will be evaluated in the same study. Results obtained could contribute to elucidate risk factors, improve the prognosis, as well as to propose novel intervention studies in this disease.This work is funded by grants PI-0538-2017 (Junta de Andalucía, Spain, to LF) and Biomedical Research Networking Center-CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) of the Institute of Health Carlos III -supported by European Regional Development Fund/FEDER (FIS-PI16/01812) (to MFF)

Differences Between Intact and Ovariectomized Hemiparkinsonian Rats in Response to L-DOPA, Melatonin, and L-DOPA/Melatonin Coadministration on Motor Behavior and Cytological Alterations

Parkinson?s disease (PD) higher incidence has been observed in postmenopausal women compared to premenopausal women, suggesting estrogen neuroprotective effect. L-DOPA (LD) chronic treatment causes dyskinesia; evidences indicate that LD increases the preexisting oxidative stress condition. This study determines melatonin ability, alone or in combination with LD (LD/Mel) to protect dopaminergic loss induced by 6-OHDA in a rat PD model in ovariectomized (OVX) and intact (with ovaries (W/OV)) rats on motor behavior and cytological alterations, comparing with LD-only treated rats. LD/Mel-treated rats showed dyskinesia decrease (score 5–7.5) and had the best performance in the staircase test (five pellets) throughout all studies. The beam walking time was 20–35 s, showing good coordination (as control group (20–38 s)), dopaminergic cells increase of 22.8% (W/OV rats) and 27.2% (OVX rats) in the contralateral side as well as 100% conservation in the contralateral dendritic spines. Our results suggest that LD/Mel co-administration and estrogen presence result in an efficient treatment to reduce dyskinesia through the conservation of some dopaminergic cells, which imply a well-preserved neuropil of a less denervated striatum. We assume that these results are because of a synergistic effect between LD, melatonin and estrogens

Compartiendo saberes de educación y humanidades

Los capítulos referentes a este libro tratan diversos temas tales como: 1) la construcción de los estudiantes de la licenciatura en químico farmacéutico biólogo el juicio valorativo y personaI deI significado en su desarroIIo profesionaI desde eI punto de vista axiológico, 2) se realiza un estudio en el Plantel Cuauhtémoc con Ia finaIidad de orientar a Ia comunidad estudiantiI aI tratamiento deI probIema de los residuos sólidos desde su etapa de diagnóstico hasta una propuesta de solución de la problemática, 3) se analiza como a nivel básico se construye el conocimiento y la participación del género en los estudiantes, en donde se observa que el papel del docente es un promotor importante, 4) es un tema que actualmente está causando mucho interés tanto en la educación como el la población en general, las redes sociales que actuaImente ese consideran un medio de comunicación con mucha influencia dentro de la sociedad, 5) se adentra al campo de la psicología y la tanatología ante los recursos resilientes que presentan las familias ante la muerte de un hijo, 6) es una investigación dedicada a identificar Ias diferentes percepciones que tienen las mujeres y los hombres en relación a la felicidad y la desdicha dentro del matrimonio, 7) es un análisis Transgeneracional para aportar las referencias familiares que permiten la permanencia del abuso sexual infantil en tres generaciones, de las cuales en la última generación se rompe ese secreto avallazador al romper el silencio, 8) es un ensayo acerca del juego terapéutico desde el punto de vista psicoanalítico, en el que se advierte ese juego en el que entra el paciente con el psicoanalista, 9) la metodología de la observación para la integración de la pericial en psicología, en donde se denotan desde la parte jurídica como se fundamente esta pericial y fortalece el logro del dictamen para tener un buen dictamen, 10) es una propuesta de construcción y validez del instrumento BP-22 Bienestar Psicológico en el ámbito de la educación superior, 11) se identifica a Ios procesos eIectoraIes como complicados, de tal manera que abre un panorama al marketing de los partidos políticos para conducir la voluntad ciudadana, y además ayuda al posicionamiento de los partidos, 12) aporta una base sobre Ios procesos identificatorios en eI movimiento estudiantiI de Ia UNAM deI año de I999, pIanteándoIo desde dos ejes de análisis: las identidades universitarias y el apartado del texto, que permiten configurar eI movimiento estudiantiI como un acontecimiento capaz de generar articulaciones nuevas de solidaridad. AI finaI deI Iibro se encuentran Ias síntesis curricuIares de cada uno de los autores, que aportaron sus investigaciones para la integración y generación de nuevos aportes científicos.Como su nombre lo indica COMPARTIENDO SABERES DE EDUCACIÓN Y HUMANIDADES, es un Iibro que denota eI deseo de integrar conocimiento para la comunidad estudiantil, llevarlos al interés de la investigación a través de la participación de los investigadores de diferentes áreas como: la educación, las ciencias sociales y las humanidades. Que les permite tener no solo un espacio en la difusión de los avances de sus estudios, sino que además permite el generar el interés de quién lo lee en diferentes formas de investigación, se encuentran estudios tanto cualitativos como cuantitativos, desde descriptivos hasta un nivel de intervención en la práctica de estas áreas.Universidad Autónoma del Estado de méxic

Reporte de Mercados Financieros - cuarto trimestre de 2017

El Banco de la República (BR) genera información para la toma de decisiones, la rendición de cuentas y la difusión al público. En particular, el Reporte de Mercados Financieros está enmarcado dentro del principio de difusión al público y contribuye a cumplir con el servicio que presta el Banco de ofrecer información e investigación económica de calidad