Procediment d’actuació davant la inclusió d’alumnat amb discapacitat en l’àrea d’educació física (PAIADEF)

L’objectiu del present estudi va ser establir el procediment d’actuació del professorat davant la detecció d’una necessitat educativa específica en l’àrea d’educació física. Per a això es va dissenyar una investigació basada en el mètode Delphi, concretament de tres rondes, en el qual van intervenir un primer grup de 5 docents universitaris amb un elevat grau de coneixement teòric sobre la inclusió d’alumnat amb discapacitat en l’àrea d’educació física, i un segon grup d’11 docents amb experiència pràctica en l’àrea d’Educació Física i amb alumnat amb discapacitat a l’aula. Les seves aportacions van permetre concloure l’estudi amb el disseny definitiu del Procediment d’actuació davant la inclusió d’alumnat amb discapacitat en l’àrea d’educació física (PAIADEF)

Multiwavelength study of the galactic PeVatron candidate LHAASO J2108+5157

Context. Several new ultrahigh-energy (UHE) γ-ray sources have recently been discovered by the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) collaboration. These represent a step forward in the search for the so-called Galactic PeVatrons, the enigmatic sources of the Galactic cosmic rays up to PeV energies. However, it has been shown that multi-TeV γ-ray emission does not necessarily prove the existence of a hadronic accelerator in the source; indeed this emission could also be explained as inverse Compton scattering from electrons in a radiation-dominated environment. A clear distinction between the two major emission mechanisms would only be made possible by taking into account multi-wavelength data and detailed morphology of the source. Aims. We aim to understand the nature of the unidentified source LHAASO J2108+5157, which is one of the few known UHE sources with no very high-energy (VHE) counterpart. Methods. We observed LHAASO J2108+5157 in the X-ray band with XMM-Newton in 2021 for a total of 3.8 hours and at TeV energies with the Large-Sized Telescope prototype (LST-1), yielding 49 hours of good-quality data. In addition, we analyzed 12 years of Fermi-LAT data, to better constrain emission of its high-energy (HE) counterpart 4FGL J2108.0+5155. We used naima and jetset software packages to examine the leptonic and hadronic scenario of the multi-wavelength emission of the source. Results. We found an excess (3.7σ) in the LST-1 data at energies E > 3 TeV. Further analysis of the whole LST-1 energy range, assuming a point-like source, resulted in a hint (2.2σ) of hard emission, which can be described with a single power law with a photon index of Σ = 1.6 ± 0.2 the range of 0.3 - 100 TeV. We did not find any significant extended emission that could be related to a supernova remnant (SNR) or pulsar wind nebula (PWN) in the XMM-Newton data, which puts strong constraints on possible synchrotron emission of relativistic electrons. We revealed a new potential hard source in Fermi-LAT data with a significance of 4σ and a photon index of Σ = 1.9 ± 0.2, which is not spatially correlated with LHAASO J2108+5157, but including it in the source model we were able to improve spectral representation of the HE counterpart 4FGL J2108.0+5155. Conclusions. The LST-1 and LHAASO observations can be explained as inverse Compton-dominated leptonic emission of relativistic electrons with a cutoff energy of 100-30+70 TeV. The low magnetic field in the source imposed by the X-ray upper limits on synchrotron emission is compatible with a hypothesis of a PWN or a TeV halo. Furthermore, the spectral properties of the HE counterpart are consistent with a Geminga-like pulsar, which would be able to power the VHE-UHE emission. Nevertheless, the lack of a pulsar in the neighborhood of the UHE source is a challenge to the PWN/TeV-halo scenario. The UHE γ rays can also be explained as π0 decay-dominated hadronic emission due to interaction of relativistic protons with one of the two known molecular clouds in the direction of the source. Indeed, the hard spectrum in the LST-1 band is compatible with protons escaping a shock around a middle-aged SNR because of their high low-energy cut-off, but the origin of the HE γ-ray emission remains an open question

Observations of the Crab Nebula and Pulsar with the Large-Sized Telescope Prototype of the Cherenkov Telescope Array

CTA (Cherenkov Telescope Array) is the next generation ground-based observatory for gamma-ray astronomy at very-high energies. The Large-Sized Telescope prototype (\LST{}) is located at the Northern site of CTA, on the Canary Island of La Palma. LSTs are designed to provide optimal performance in the lowest part of the energy range covered by CTA, down to $\simeq 20$ GeV. \LST{} started performing astronomical observations in November 2019, during its commissioning phase, and it has been taking data since then. We present the first \LST{} observations of the Crab Nebula, the standard candle of very-high energy gamma-ray astronomy, and use them, together with simulations, to assess the basic performance parameters of the telescope. The data sample consists of around 36 hours of observations at low zenith angles collected between November 2020 and March 2022. \LST{} has reached the expected performance during its commissioning period - only a minor adjustment of the preexisting simulations was needed to match the telescope behavior. The energy threshold at trigger level is estimated to be around 20 GeV, rising to $\simeq 30$ GeV after data analysis. Performance parameters depend strongly on energy, and on the strength of the gamma-ray selection cuts in the analysis: angular resolution ranges from 0.12 to 0.40 degrees, and energy resolution from 15 to 50\%. Flux sensitivity is around 1.1\% of the Crab Nebula flux above 250 GeV for a 50-h observation (12\% for 30 minutes). The spectral energy distribution (in the 0.03 - 30 TeV range) and the light curve obtained for the Crab Nebula agree with previous measurements, considering statistical and systematic uncertainties. A clear periodic signal is also detected from the pulsar at the center of the Nebula.Comment: Submitted to Ap

Dietary α‐Linolenic Acid, Marine ω‐3 Fatty Acids, and Mortality in a Population With High Fish Consumption: Findings From the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) Study

Background: Epidemiological evidence suggests a cardioprotective role of α‐linolenic acid (ALA), a plant‐derived ω‐3 fatty acid. It is unclear whether ALA is beneficial in a background of high marine ω‐3 fatty acids (long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) intake. In persons at high cardiovascular risk from Spain, a country in which fish consumption is customarily high, we investigated whether meeting the International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids recommendation for dietary ALA (0.7% of total energy) at baseline was related to all‐cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. We also examined the effect of meeting the society's recommendation for long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (≥500 mg/day). Methods and Results: We longitudinally evaluated 7202 participants in the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) trial. Multivariable‐adjusted Cox regression models were fitted to estimate hazard ratios. ALA intake correlated to walnut consumption (r=0.94). During a 5.9‐y follow‐up, 431 deaths occurred (104 cardiovascular disease, 55 coronary heart disease, 32 sudden cardiac death, 25 stroke). The hazard ratios for meeting ALA recommendation (n=1615, 22.4%) were 0.72 (95% CI 0.56–0.92) for all‐cause mortality and 0.95 (95% CI 0.58–1.57) for fatal cardiovascular disease. The hazard ratios for meeting the recommendation for long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n=5452, 75.7%) were 0.84 (95% CI 0.67–1.05) for all‐cause mortality, 0.61 (95% CI 0.39–0.96) for fatal cardiovascular disease, 0.54 (95% CI 0.29–0.99) for fatal coronary heart disease, and 0.49 (95% CI 0.22–1.01) for sudden cardiac death. The highest reduction in all‐cause mortality occurred in participants meeting both recommendations (hazard ratio 0.63 [95% CI 0.45–0.87]). Conclusions: In participants without prior cardiovascular disease and high fish consumption, dietary ALA, supplied mainly by walnuts and olive oil, relates inversely to all‐cause mortality, whereas protection from cardiac mortality is limited to fish‐derived long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.Controlled-trials.com/. Unique identifier: ISRCTN35739639

Process performance facing the inclusion of students with disabilities in the area of physical education (PAIADEF)

El objetivo del presente estudio fue establecer el procedimiento de actuación del profesorado ante la detección de una necesidad educativa específica en el área de educación física. Para ello se diseñó una investigación basada en el método Delphi, concretamente de tres rondas, en el que intervinieron un primer grupo de 5 docentes universitarios con un elevado grado de conocimiento teórico sobre la inclusión de alumnado con discapacidad en el área de educación física, y un segundo grupo de 11 docentes con experiencia práctica en dicha área y con alumnado con discapacidad en el aula. Sus aportaciones permitieron concluir el estudio con el diseño definitivo del Procedimiento de actuación ante la inclusión de alumnado con discapacidad en el área de educación física (PAIADEF).The aim of this study was to establish the action procedure for teachers when faced with a specific educational need in the area of physical education. We designed an investigation based on the Delphi method of three rounds. The first group of participants included five university professors with a high degree of theoretical knowledge about the inclusion of students with disabilities in the area of physical education. The second group consisted of 11 teachers with practical experience in the area of physical education and students with disabilities in the classroom. Their contributions helped conclude the study with a final design of the Action Procedure facing the Inclusion of students with disabilities in the area of Physical Education (PAIADEF).Estudio financiado por la FUNDACIÓN ESTUDIO

Prevalencia de actividad física y su relación con variables sociodemográficas y ciertos estilos de vida en escolares cordobeses

BACKGROUND: Regular physical exercise is not a widespread habit among the population. Early childhood in a crucial stage for acquiring this habit. The objective of this study was that of ascertaining the behavior of school-age children with regard to the degree of physical activity they do and to examine the factors involved. METHODS: An observational study was conducted by means of a survey based on a questionnaire which 6th and 8th grade students in a Basic Health Care District of Cordoba (N-585) filled out on their own. Questions were asked regarding the frequency of exercise, preferences and prospects for practicing sports, the children’s physical shape and school physical education classes, in addition to other behavior comprising their lifestyles. A dual-variable (p<0.05) and a multiple-variable analysis was conducted employing logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 548 students filled out the survey (response rate=97.8%). 79.3% (IC95% 75.7-82.6) were involved in extracurricular physical activities, 21.0% (IC95% 17.1-24.7%) being involved in intense physical exercise. 50.5% (IC95% 46.3-54.8) did not think that they were in good physical shape. The age, sex, type of residence, the involvement in sports on the part of their parents or a close friend and what they considered their degree of healthiness to be comprised the variables quite strongly linked to doing exercise (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of physical exercise is high, although it progressively decreased with age, especially for girls. A major number of students considered themselves to be in unsatisfactory physical condition.FUNDAMENTO: El ejercicio físico regular es una práctica poco extendida entre la población. La infancia es una etapa crucial para adquirir este hábito. El objetivo del estudio fue conocer la conducta de los escolares respecto al grado de actividad física que desarrollan y examinar los factores que se relacionan. MÉTODOS: Se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional mediante encuesta basada en un cuestionario autoadministrado a los escolares de 6º y 8º de Enseñanza General Básica de una Zona Básica de Salud de Córdoba (N=585). Se interrogó sobre la frecuencia de ejercicio, preferencias y expectativas para la práctica deportiva, estado de forma física y clases de educación física del colegio, además de otras conductas constitutivas de los estilos de vida. Se llevó a cabo un análisis bivariado (p<0,05) y multivariado con aplicación de regresión logística. RESULTADOS: Contestaron la encuesta un total de 548 alumnos (tasa de respuesta=97,8%). El 79,3% (IC 95%: 75,7-82,6) realizaban actividades físicas extraescolares, y el 21,0% (IC 95%: 17,7-24,7) ejercicio físico intenso. El 50,5% (IC 95%: 46,3-54,8) no consideran bueno su estado de forma física. La edad, el sexo, el tipo de residencia, la práctica deportiva en los padres o el amigo y estado de salud percibido constituyen las variables más fuertemente asociadas a la realización de ejercicio (p<0,001). CONCLUSIONES: Aunque la prevalencia de ejercicio físico es elevada, va declinando con la edad, sobre todo en las niñas. Un importante número de escolares consideran insatisfactorio su estado de forma física

Manual de prácticas de Psicología del Desarrollo

Resumen basado en el de la publicaciónLa base para la realización de actividades prácticas por parte de los estudiantes de Ciencias de la Educación, en lo que se refiere a la Psicología del Desarrollo, se encuentra en los experimentos que se han llevado a cabo en las primeras etapas del desarrollo humano. Para la realización de estas prácticas se propone una serie de contenidos del desarrollo que abarcan desde la infancia a la niñez, organizados en cada uno de los capítulos simulando la estructura de un esquema de investigación que sirva a los estudiantes como guía para la realización y presentación de la práctica. De cada uno de los temas propuestos se analizan y se contextualizan sus aspectos básicos. Asimismo se ofrece un apartado de metodología en el que se incluyen las características de la muestra y los instrumentos y procedimientos que deben ser utilizados para su realización. El apartado resultados se acompaña de anexos que permiten registrar de forma exhaustiva las conductas propuestas a evaluar de acuerdo con el planteamiento de los problemas en cada caso propuesto. Finalmente, en el apartado de discusión se propone una evaluación crítica de los contenidos estudiados, teniendo en cuenta la revisión y planteamiento del problema expuesto en cada caso.MurciaBiblioteca de Educación del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte; Calle San Agustín 5 -3 Planta; 28014 Madrid; Tel. +34917748000; [email protected]