One sixth of Amazonian tree diversity is dependent on river floodplains

Amazonia's floodplain system is the largest and most biodiverse on Earth. Although forests are crucial to the ecological integrity of floodplains, our understanding of their species composition and how this may differ from surrounding forest types is still far too limited, particularly as changing inundation regimes begin to reshape floodplain tree communities and the critical ecosystem functions they underpin. Here we address this gap by taking a spatially explicit look at Amazonia-wide patterns of tree-species turnover and ecological specialization of the region's floodplain forests. We show that the majority of Amazonian tree species can inhabit floodplains, and about a sixth of Amazonian tree diversity is ecologically specialized on floodplains. The degree of specialization in floodplain communities is driven by regional flood patterns, with the most compositionally differentiated floodplain forests located centrally within the fluvial network and contingent on the most extraordinary flood magnitudes regionally. Our results provide a spatially explicit view of ecological specialization of floodplain forest communities and expose the need for whole-basin hydrological integrity to protect the Amazon's tree diversity and its function.Naturali

Use Of The Semitendinosus Tendon For Foot And Ankle Tendon Reconstructions [uso Do Tendão Semitendíneo Em Reconstruções Tendíneas Do Pé E Do Tornozelo]

Objective: To demonstrate the results obtained from foot and ankle tendon reconstructionsusing the tendon of the semitendinosus muscle. The clinical results, the patients degree ofsatisfaction and complications in the graft donor and recipient areas were evaluated.Methods: This was a retrospective study in which the medical files of 38 patients who underwent this surgical procedure between 2006 and 2010 were surveyed. The functional results from this technique, the complications in the donor and recipient areas and the patients degree of satisfaction were evaluated.Results: Three patients presented complications in the recipient area (skin necrosis); one patient showed complications in the donor area (pain and insensitivity); and all patients had satisfactory functional results, with complete range of motion.Conclusion: The semitendinosus muscle is a good option for treatments for foot and ankle tendon injuries.495528531Cury, R.P.L., Severino, N.R., Camargo, O.P.A., Aihara, T., Oliveira, V.M., Avakian, R., Reconstrução do ligamento cruzado posterior com enxerto autólogo do tendão do músculo semitendinoso duplo e do 0terço médio do tendão do quadríceps em duplo túnel no fêmur e único na tíbia: Resultados clínicos em dois anos de seguimento (2012) Rev Bras Ortop, 47 (1), pp. 65-73Maffulli, N., Ajis, A., Longo, U.G., Denaro, V., (2008) Ipsilateral Free Semitendinosus Tendon Graft Transfer for Reconstruction of Chronic Tears of the Achilles Tendon BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 9, p. 100Ji, J.H., Kim, W.Y., Kim, Y.Y., Lee, Y.S., Yoon, J.S., Semitendinosus tendon augmentation for a large defect after Achilles tendon rupture: Two case reports (2007) Foot Ankle Int, 28 (10), pp. 1100-1103Kosaka, T., Yamamoto, K., Long-term effects of chronic Achilles tendon rupture treatment, using reconstruction with peroneus brevis transfer, on sports activities (2011) West Indian Med J, 60 (6), pp. 628-635Maffulli, N., Spiezia, F., Longo, U.G., Denaro, V., Less-invasive reconstruction of chronic Achilles tendon ruptures using a peroneus brevis tendon transfer (2010) Am J Sports Med, 38 (11), pp. 2304-2312Wang, C.C., Lin, L.C., Hsu, C.K., Shen, P.H., Lien, S.B., Hwa, S.Y., Anatomic reconstruction of neglected Achilles tendon rupture with autogenous peroneal longus tendon by EndoButton fixation (2009) J Trauma, 67 (5), pp. 1109-1112Miao, X., Wu, Y., Tao, H., Yang, D., Reconstruction of chronic Achilles tendon rupture with flexor hallucis longus tendon harvested using a minimally invasive technique (2011) Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi, 25 (7), pp. 796-799Carter, T.R., Fowler, P.J., Blokker, C., Functional postoperative treatment of Achilles tendon repair (1992) Am J Sports Med, 20 (4), pp. 459-462Mandelbaum, B.R., Myerson, M.S., Forster, R., Achilles tendon ruptures. A new method of repair, early range of motion, and functional rehabilitation (1995) Am J Sports Med, 23 (4), pp. 392-395Kitaoka, H.B., Alexander, I.J., Adelaar, R.S., Nunley, J.A., Mayerson, M.S., Sanders, M., Clinical rating systems for the ankle - Hinfoot, midfoot, hallux and lesser toes (1984) Foot Ankle Int, 15 (7), pp. 349-353Leppilahti, J., Puranen, J., Orava, S., Incidence of Achilles tendon rupture (1996) Acta Orthop Scand, 67 (3), pp. 277-279Krueger-Frank, M., Siebert, C.H., Scherzer, S., Surgical treatment of ruptures of the Achilles tendon: A review of long-term results (1995) Br J Sports Med, 29 (2), pp. 121-12